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  • 1
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    Giant Collective Spin-Orbit Field in a Quantum Well: Fine Structure of Spin Plasmons (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-16
    Description: Author(s): F. Baboux, F. Perez, C. A. Ullrich, I. D’Amico, J. Gómez, and M. Bernard We employ inelastic light scattering with magnetic fields to study intersubband spin plasmons in a quantum well. We demonstrate the existence of a giant collective spin-orbit (SO) field that splits the spin-plasmon spectrum into a triplet. The effect is remarkable as each individual electron would b... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 166401] Published Mon Oct 15, 2012
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Exact and approximate Kohn-Sham potentials in ensemble density-functional theory (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-03
    Description: Author(s): Zeng-hui Yang, John R. Trail, Aurora Pribram-Jones, Kieron Burke, Richard J. Needs, and Carsten A. Ullrich We construct exact Kohn-Sham potentials for the ensemble density-functional theory (EDFT) from the ground and excited states of helium. The exchange-correlation (XC) potential is compared with the quasi-local-density approximation and both single-determinant and symmetry-eigenstate ghost-corrected e... [Phys. Rev. A 90, 042501] Published Thu Oct 02, 2014
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular structure and dynamics
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Three- to two-dimensional crossover in time-dependent density-functional theory (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-23
    Description: Author(s): Shahrzad Karimi and Carsten A. Ullrich How well the various approximate exchange-correlation functionals in density functional theory capture the 3D to 2D crossover, observed, for example, for plasmon modes in quantum wells that approach the strictly two-dimensional limit? This work, inspired by several ground-state DFT studies performed a few years ago, examines this question in the dynamical case, using time-dependent DFT, and reveals that the (semi)local 3D exchange eventually breaks down, but remains valid for most practical applications. Also, it demonstrates that nonlocal, orbital-dependent functionals are the appropriate way to handle the dimensional crossover. [Phys. Rev. B 90, 245304] Published Mon Dec 22, 2014
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Spatiotemporal control of endocytosis by phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-05
    Description: Phosphoinositides serve crucial roles in cell physiology, ranging from cell signalling to membrane traffic. Among the seven eukaryotic phosphoinositides the best studied species is phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), which is concentrated at the plasma membrane where, among other functions, it is required for the nucleation of endocytic clathrin-coated pits. No phosphatidylinositol other than PI(4,5)P2 has been implicated in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, whereas the subsequent endosomal stages of the endocytic pathway are dominated by phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphates(PI(3)P). How phosphatidylinositol conversion from PI(4,5)P2-positive endocytic intermediates to PI(3)P-containing endosomes is achieved is unclear. Here we show that formation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2) by class II phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase C2alpha (PI(3)K C2alpha) spatiotemporally controls clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Depletion of PI(3,4)P2 or PI(3)K C2alpha impairs the maturation of late-stage clathrin-coated pits before fission. Timed formation of PI(3,4)P2 by PI(3)K C2alpha is required for selective enrichment of the BAR domain protein SNX9 at late-stage endocytic intermediates. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for the role of PI(3,4)P2 in endocytosis and unravel a novel discrete function of PI(3,4)P2 in a central cell physiological process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Posor, York -- Eichhorn-Gruenig, Marielle -- Puchkov, Dmytro -- Schoneberg, Johannes -- Ullrich, Alexander -- Lampe, Andre -- Muller, Rainer -- Zarbakhsh, Sirus -- Gulluni, Federico -- Hirsch, Emilio -- Krauss, Michael -- Schultz, Carsten -- Schmoranzer, Jan -- Noe, Frank -- Haucke, Volker -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 11;499(7457):233-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12360. Epub 2013 Jul 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leibniz Institut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie & Freie Universitat Berlin, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23823722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Class II Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; HEK293 Cells ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Sorting Nexins/metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Understanding the treatment of waves in atmospheric models, Part I: The shortest resolved waves of the 1D linearized shallow water equations (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-09
    Description: This paper provides an intercomparison of the dispersive and diffusive properties of several standard numerical methods applied to the 1D linearized shallow water equations without Coriolis term, including upwind and central finite-volume, spectral finite-volume, discontinuous Galerkin, spectral element, and staggered finite-volume. All methods are studied up to tenth-order accuracy, where possible. A consistent framework is developed which allows for direct intercomparison of the ability of these methods to capture the behavior of linear gravity waves. The Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition is also computed, which is important for gauging the stability of these methods, and leads to a measure of approximate equal error cost. The goal of this work is threefold: first, to determine the shortest wavelength which can be considered “resolved” for a particular method; second, to determine the effect of increasing the order of accuracy on the ability of a method to capture wave-like motion; third, to determine which numerical methods offer the best treatment of wave-like motion. High-order; dispersion analysis; finite-volume methods; finite-element methods; linear gravity waves; dynamical core
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Direct calculation of exciton binding energies with time-dependent density-functional theory (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-15
    Description: Author(s): Zeng-hui Yang and Carsten A. Ullrich Excitons are electron-hole pairs appearing below the band gap in insulators and semiconductors. They are vital to photovoltaics, but are hard to obtain with time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT), since most standard exchange-correlation (xc) functionals lack the proper long-range behavior... [Phys. Rev. B 87, 195204] Published Tue May 14, 2013
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    The Flux-Form Semi-Lagrangian Spectral Element (FF-SLSE) method for tracer transport (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-14
    Description: The spectral element dynamical core has been demonstrated to be an accurate and scalable approach for solving the equations of motion in the atmosphere. However, it is also known that use of the spectral element method for tracer transport is costly and requires substantial parallel communication over a single time step. Consequently, recent efforts have turned to finding alternative transport schemes which maintain the scalability of the spectral element method without its significant cost. This article proposes a conservative semi-Lagrangian approach for tracer transport which uses upstream trajectories to solve the transport equation on the native spectral element grid. This formulation, entitled the Flux-Form Semi-Lagrangian Spectral Element (FF-SLSE) method, is highly accurate compared to many competing schemes, allows for large time steps, and requires fewer parallel communications over the same time interval than the spectral element method. In addition, the approach guarantees local conservation and is easily paired with a filter which can be used to ensure positivity. This article presents the dispersion relation for the 1D FF-SLSE approach and demonstrates stability up to a Courant number of 2.44 with cubic basis. Several standard numerical tests are presented for the method in 2D to verify correctness, accuracy and robustness of the method, including a new test of a divergent flow in Carteisan geometry.
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
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  • 8
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    The E3 ligase Cbl-b and TAM receptors regulate cancer metastasis via natural killer cells (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-21
    Description: Tumour metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients and remains the key challenge for cancer therapy. New therapeutic approaches to block inhibitory pathways of the immune system have renewed hopes for the utility of such therapies. Here we show that genetic deletion of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b (casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b) or targeted inactivation of its E3 ligase activity licenses natural killer (NK) cells to spontaneously reject metastatic tumours. The TAM tyrosine kinase receptors Tyro3, Axl and Mer (also known as Mertk) were identified as ubiquitylation substrates for Cbl-b. Treatment of wild-type NK cells with a newly developed small molecule TAM kinase inhibitor conferred therapeutic potential, efficiently enhancing anti-metastatic NK cell activity in vivo. Oral or intraperitoneal administration using this TAM inhibitor markedly reduced murine mammary cancer and melanoma metastases dependent on NK cells. We further report that the anticoagulant warfarin exerts anti-metastatic activity in mice via Cbl-b/TAM receptors in NK cells, providing a molecular explanation for a 50-year-old puzzle in cancer biology. This novel TAM/Cbl-b inhibitory pathway shows that it might be possible to develop a 'pill' that awakens the innate immune system to kill cancer metastases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paolino, Magdalena -- Choidas, Axel -- Wallner, Stephanie -- Pranjic, Blanka -- Uribesalgo, Iris -- Loeser, Stefanie -- Jamieson, Amanda M -- Langdon, Wallace Y -- Ikeda, Fumiyo -- Fededa, Juan Pablo -- Cronin, Shane J -- Nitsch, Roberto -- Schultz-Fademrecht, Carsten -- Eickhoff, Jan -- Menninger, Sascha -- Unger, Anke -- Torka, Robert -- Gruber, Thomas -- Hinterleitner, Reinhard -- Baier, Gottfried -- Wolf, Dominik -- Ullrich, Axel -- Klebl, Bert M -- Penninger, Josef M -- W 1101/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 27;507(7493):508-12. doi: 10.1038/nature12998. Epub 2014 Feb 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria. ; Lead Discovery Center GmbH, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. ; Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. ; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Perth, Australia. ; Max-Planck, Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. ; 1] Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria [2] Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24553136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Anticoagulants/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Female ; Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects/*immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy/genetics/immunology/*pathology ; Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy/genetics/immunology/*pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapy/*immunology/prevention & control ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Warfarin/pharmacology/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Actionable targets in small cell lung cancer [Medical Sciences] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-17
    Description: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15% of all lung cancers. The prognosis of SCLC patients is devastating and no biologically targeted therapeutics are active in this tumor type. To develop a framework for development of specific SCLC-targeted drugs we conducted a combined genomic and pharmacological vulnerability screen...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    A proposed baroclinic wave test case for deep and shallow-atmosphere dynamical cores (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Idealised studies of key dynamical features of the atmosphere provide insight into the behaviour of atmospheric models. A very important, well understood, aspect of mid-latitude dynamics is baroclinic instability. This can be idealised by perturbing a vertically-sheared basic state in geostrophic and hydrostatic balance. An unstable wave mode then results with exponential growth (due to linear dynamics) in time until, eventually, nonlinear effects dominate and the wave breaks. A new, unified, idealised baroclinic instability test case is proposed. This improves on previous ones in three ways. First, it is suitable for both deep- and shallow-atmosphere models. Second, the constant surface pressure and zero surface geopotential of the basic state makes it particularly well-suited for models employing a pressure- or height-based vertical coordinate. Third, the wave triggering mechanism selectively perturbs the rotational component of the flow: this, together with a vertical tapering, significantly improves dynamic balance.
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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