Publication Date:
2024-03-15
Description:
Several experiments have shown a decrease of growth and calcification of organisms at decreased pH levels. There is a growing interest to focus on early life stages that are believed to be more sensitive to environmental disturbances such as hypercapnia. Here, we present experimental data, acquired in a commercial hatchery, demonstrating that the growth of planktonic mussel (Mytilus edulis) larvae is significantly affected by a decrease of pH to a level expected for the end of the century. Even though there was no significant effect of a 0.25-0.34 pH unit decrease on hatching and mortality rates during the first 2 days of development nor during the following 13-day period prior to settlement, final shells were respectively 4.5±1.3 and 6.0±2.3% smaller at pHNBS~7.8 (pCO2~1100-1200 µatm) than at a control pHNBS of ~8.1 (pCO2~460-640 µatm). Moreover, a decrease of 12.0±5.4% of shell thickness was observed after 15d of development. More severe impacts were found with a decrease of ~0.5 pHNBS unit during the first 2 days of development which could be attributed to a decrease of calcification due to a slight undersaturation of seawater with respect to aragonite. Indeed, important effects on both hatching and D-veliger shell growth were found. Hatching rates were 24±4% lower while D-veliger shells were 12.7±0.9% smaller at pHNBS~7.6 (pCO2~1900 µatm) than at a control pHNBS of ~8.1 (pCO2~540 µatm). Although these results show that blue mussel larvae are still able to develop a shell in seawater undersaturated with respect to aragonite, the observed decreases of hatching rates and shell growth could lead to a significant decrease of the settlement success. As the environmental conditions considered in this study do not necessarily reflect the natural conditions experienced by this species at the time of spawning, future studies will need to consider the whole larval cycle (from fertilization to settlement) under environmentally relevant conditions in order to investigate the potential ecological and economical losses of a decrease of this species fitness in the field.
Keywords:
Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950); Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2 1.1 (M. Frankignoulle); Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a, standard deviation; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Experiment day; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus edulis; Mytilus edulis, D-larvae hatching rate success; Mytilus edulis, D-larvae hatching rate success, standard deviation; Mytilus edulis, D-larvae shell length; Mytilus edulis, D-larvae shell length, standard deviation; Mytilus edulis, shell length; Mytilus edulis, shell length, standard deviation; Mytilus edulis, shell thickness; Mytilus edulis, shell thickness, standard deviation; Mytilus edulis, standard deviation; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Oxygen, standard deviation; Oxygen saturation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; pH meter (Metrohm electrodes); Reproduction; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Temperate; Temperature, standard deviation; Temperature, water; Zooplankton
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 552 data points
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