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  • 1
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    Marine Carbon Biogeochemistry : A Primer for Earth System Scientists (2019)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Primary production ; Mineralization ; Carbon Cycle ; Models ; Sediment ; Ocean ; Organic Carbon ; Inorganic Carbon ; Biogeochemical Processes ; Inorganic Carbon Dynamics
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction / Pages 1-8 --- Primary Production: From Inorganic to Organic Carbon / Pages 9-35 --- The Return from Organic to Inorganic Carbon / Pages 37-56 --- Carbon Processing at the Seafloor / Pages 57-75 --- Biogeochemical Processes and Inorganic Carbon Dynamics / Pages 77-105 --- Organic Matter is more than CH2O / Pages 107-118
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 118 pages) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 9783030108229
    URL: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-10822-9
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobilization of radiocaesium in pore water of lake sediments (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 367-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In lake systems, fallout radiocaesium is taken up by settling particles and also, in shallow parts of well mixed lakes, directly by surface sediments5. In the sediment, the decomposition of labile organic matter initiates early diagenetic reactions which may lead to enhanced pore-water ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339367a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensive degradation and fractionation of organic matter during subsurface weathering (1995)
    Springer
    Aquatic geochemistry 1 (1995), S. 303-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1421
    Keywords: weathering ; organic matter ; isotopic composition ; global biogeochemical cycles ; manganese ; iron ; sulphur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Organic carbon, sulphur, δ13Corg, iron, manganese and calcium have been measured across a subsurface-weathering front in Pliocene sediments in southern Sicily. The results show an almost quantitative removal of Corg and sulphur and an increase in iron and manganese oxides over the weathering front, accompanied with a significant shift of the δ13Corg to lower values. These data are among the first to support the rapid, extensive weathering of sedimentary organic matter and sulphur, a basic assumption made in global biogeochemical models on a Phanerozoic timescale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00822494
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of two common macrophytes on methane dynamics in freshwater sediments (1998)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 43 (1998), S. 79-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: freshwater wetlands ; iron cycling ; macrophytes ; methane cycling ; rhizosphere ; Phragmites ; Scirpus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The methane cycle in constructed wetlands without plants and withPhragmites australis (reed) and Scirpus lacustris (bulrush) wasinvestigated. Variations in CH4production largely determined variations in CH4 emission among the systems, rather than variations inCH4 storage and oxidation. Twofoldlower CH4 production rates in theScirpus system (5.6–13 mmol m-2 d-1) relative to the control (16.7–17.6 mmolm-2 d-1) were accompanied by a lower contribution ofmethanogenesis to organic carbon metabolism (∼20% for Scirpus vs.∼80% for control). Sedimentary iron(II) reservoirs were smallerin the Scirpus than control sediment (∼300 vs. ∼485 mmol.m-2) and a shuttle role for iron asan intermediate between root O2release and carbon oxidation, attenuating the availability of substrate formethanogens, is suggested. Differences in CH4 production among the Phragmites and Scirpus systemswere controlled by the interspecific variation in sediment oxidationcapacities of both plant species. Comparatively, in the Phragmites sediment,dissolved iron reservoirs were larger (∼340 mmol.m-2) and methanogenesis was a more importantpathway (∼80%). Methane transport was mainly plant mediated inthe Phragmites and Scirpus systems, but ebullition dominated in thenon-vegetated control systems as well as in the vegetated systems when plantbiomass was low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006076527187
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diel methane emission patterns from Scirpus lacustris and Phragmites australis (1998)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 41 (1998), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: methane emission ; plant mediated methane transport ; Phragmites australis ; Scirpus lacustris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In mature Phragmites australis and Scirpus lacustris vegetated sediment methane was emitted almost exclusively by plant-mediated transport, whereas in unvegetated, but otherwise identical sediment, methane was emitted almost exclusively by ebullition. Diel variations in methane emission, with highest emission rates at daytime and emission peaks following sunrise, were demonstrated for Phragmites and Scirpus. The diel difference and magnitude of the emission peaks were much smaller for Scirpus than for Phragmites. In contrast to Phragmites, methane concentrations within Scirpus stems did not change significantly over the diel period. These patterns are consistent with a two-way transport mechanism for Phragmites (convective at daytime and diffusive at night-time) and an all day diffusive mechanism for Scirpus. The patterns could not be accounted for by diel variation in air and sediment temperature, plant transpiration, or photosynthetically coupled methane production. Comparison of the experimentally derived ratio of methane emission in helium and nitrogen under light and dark conditions with the theoretical derived ratio (calculated according to the kinetic theory of gases) confirmed the exploitation of the different transport mechanism for Phragmites and Scirpus. Methane emission from Phragmites correlated significantly with incident light, which probably drove the pressure differential associated with thermally induced convection. Decrease of the radial resistance of Scirpus stems for methane transport under light compared to dark conditions, in combination with morphological characteristics of the plant species, suggested that stomatal aperture, regulated by light, controls methane emission from Scirpus. Diel variation in bubble emission from the non-vegetated sediment coincided with sediment temperature changes. The results have important implications for sampling and scaling strategies for estimating methane emission from wetlands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005933100905
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sediment biogeochemistry in an East African mangrove forest (Gazi Bay, Kenya) (1996)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 34 (1996), S. 133-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: biogeochemistry ; mangrove ; sediments ; organic carbon ; nitrogen ; carbonate dissolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The biogeochemistry of mangrove sediments was investigated in several mangrove forest communities in Gazi Bay, a coastal lagoon in Kenya, Africa. Carbon dioxide fluxes, sediment median grain sizes, sedimentary organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and pore-water characteristics (ammonium, nitrate, sulfate and chloride) could be related to forest type. Mangrove sediments have pH values that range from 3.5 to 8.3 due to the limited buffer capacity of these sediments and intense acidifying processes such as aerobic degradation of organic matter, oxidation of reduced components, ammonium uptake by roots and root respiration. The mangrove sediments are nitrogen-rich compared to mangrove litter, as a result of microbial nitrogen retention, uptake and fixation, and import of nitrogen-rich material. It appears that mangrove sediments in Gazi Bay act as a nutrient and carbon sink rather than as a source for adjacent seagrass and reef ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000899
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane emission from tidal freshwater marshes (2000)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 49 (2000), S. 103-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: tidal freshwater marsh ; methane dynamics ; methane emission ; rhizosphere ; Phragmites ; Scirpus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In two tidal freshwater marshes, methane emission,production and accumulation in the pore-water have beenstudied. The two sites differ in their dominantvegetation, i.e., reed and bulrush, and in theirheights above sea level. The reed site was elevated inrelation to the bulrush site and had higher rates ofmethane emission and production. It is argued thatthis difference in methane emission between sites wasprimarily due to a different effect of reed andbulrush plants on methane dynamics rather than methaneoxidation related to tidal elevation. Methane emissionshowed strong seasonality related primarily to plantphysiology and only secondarily to temperature. Twocontrol sites at which vegetation was removedsystematically had lower emission rates indicating anoverall stimulating effect of plants on methaneemission from tidal marshes. Flooding reduced methaneemission, probably by blocking the primary sites ofmethane release in the lower part of the plantstems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006333225100
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon and nitrogen cycling in intertidal sediments near Doel, Scheldt Estuary (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 311 (1995), S. 57-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Carbon cycling ; nitrogen cycling ; estuarine sediments ; methane ; nitrous oxide ; mineralization ; carbon dioxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carbon and nitrogen cycling in intertidal mud flat sediments in the Scheldt Estuary was studied using measurements of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emission rates and pore-water profiles of ΣCO2, ammonium and nitrate. A comparison between chamber measured carbon dioxide fluxes and those based on ΣCO2 pore-water gradients using Fick's First law indicates that apparent diffusion coefficients are 2 to 28 times higher than bulk sediment diffusion coefficients based on molecular diffusion. Seasonal changes in gaseous carbon fluxes or ΣCO2 pore water concentrations cannot be used directly, or in a simple way, to determine seasonal rates of mineralization, because of marked seasonal changes in pore-water storage and exchange parameters. The annual amount of carbon delivered to the sediment is 42 mol m−2, of which about 42% becomes buried, the remaining being emitted as methane (7%) or carbon dioxide (50%). Each year about 2.6 mol N m−2 of particulate nitrogen reaches the sediment; 1.1 mol m−2 is buried and 1.6 mol m−2 is mineralized to ammonium. Only 0.42 mol m−2 yr−1 of the ammonium produced escapes from the sediments, the remaining being first nitrified (1.2 mol m−2 yr−1) and then denitrified (1.7 mol m−2 yr−1). Simple calculations indicate that intertidal sediments may account for about 14% and 30% of the total estuarine retention of nitrogen and carbon, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008571
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrous oxide emissions from estuarine intertidal sediments (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 311 (1995), S. 43-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: nitrous oxide ; nitrogen cycling ; estuarine sediments ; biogeochemistry ; eutrophication ; Scheldt Estuary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From September 1990 through December 1991 nitrous oxide flux measurements were made at 9 intertidal mud flat sites in the Scheldt Estuary. Nitrous oxide release rates were highly variable both between sites and over time at any one site. Annual nitrous oxide fluxes vary from about 10 mmol N m−2 at the tidal fresh-water end-member site to almost zero at the most saline stations. Along the estuarine gradient, annual nitrous oxide fluxes are significantly correlated with sedimentary organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations, ammonium fluxes and annual nitrogen turn-over rates, that are estimated using mass-balance considerations. Nitrous oxide fluxes seem to respond linearly to an increasing nitrogen load, with one out of each 17 000 atoms nitrogen entering estuaries being emitted as nitrous oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008570
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  • 10
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    Division of labor and growth during electrical cooperation in multicellular cable bacteria (2020)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Multicellularity is a key evolutionary innovation, leading to coordinated activity and resource sharing among cells, which generally occurs via the physical exchange of chemical compounds. However, filamentous cable bacteria display a unique metabolism in which redox transformations in distant cells are coupled via long-distance electron transport rather than an exchange of chemicals. This challenges our understanding of organismal functioning, as the link among electron transfer, metabolism, energy conservation, and filament growth in cable bacteria remains enigmatic. Here, we show that cells within individual filaments of cable bacteria display a remarkable dichotomy in biosynthesis that coincides with redox zonation. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry combined with 13C (bicarbonate and propionate) and 15N-ammonia isotope labeling reveals that cells performing sulfide oxidation in deeper anoxic horizons have a high assimilation rate, whereas cells performing oxygen reduction in the oxic zone show very little or no label uptake. Accordingly, oxygen reduction appears to merely function as a mechanism to quickly dispense of electrons with little to no energy conservation, while biosynthesis and growth are restricted to sulfide-respiring cells. Still, cells can immediately switch roles when redox conditions change, and show no differentiation, which suggests that the “community service” performed by the cells in the oxic zone is only temporary. Overall, our data reveal a division of labor and electrical cooperation among cells that has not been seen previously in multicellular organisms.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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