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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (7)
  • Animals  (1)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • ddc:650
  • 2010-2014  (1)
  • 1965-1969  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of starch. III. Copolymerization of gelatinized wheat starch with acrylonitrile. Influence of chain modifiers on copolymer compositionProd. No. 1476 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 457-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study was made of the influence of selected chain modifiers on both the molecular weight of grafted polyacrylonitrile and the grafting frequency of the starch-polyacrylo-nitrile graft copolymer. Gelatinized wheat starch was used with ceric ammonium nitrate as the initiator. The organic chain modifiers investigated were ethyl mercaptan, 1-dodecanethiol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetaldehyde, and chloroform. Sodium chromate, cupric bromide, cupric nitrate, cupric acetate, and cupric chloride were also tested as chain modifiers. In the presence of cupric chloride, there was a tenfold reduction in the molecular weight of grafted polyacrylonitrile; however, fewer chains were grafted to the starch backbone than were observed without cupric chloride.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110312
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymers of starch and polyacrylonitrile: The dilution effect (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the ceric ammonium nitrate-initiated graft polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with starch, grafting frequencies and molecular weights of grafted polyacrylonitrile changed from 600 anhydroglucose units (AGU)/graft and 120000 to 280 AGU/graft and 36000 when concentrations of starch and AN were varied from 0.27 and 1.20 to 0.023 and 0.235 moles/l. of water, respectively. The influence of variety of starch, size of the starch granules, and reaction time was studied, and possible reasons for the influence of reactant concentration on the composition of the copolymer are considered.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130114
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of starch. I. Copolymerization of gelatinized wheat starch with acrylonitrile. Fractionation of copolymer and effect of solvent on copolymer compositionPresented in part at the 149th meeting of the American Chemical Society, Detroit, Michigan, April 1965.Prod. No. 1353 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 929-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer prepared from gelatinized wheat starch with ceric ammoninm nitrate as the initiator has been freed of ungrafted polyacrylonitrile and separated into fractions by extraction with dimethylformamide, γ-butyrolactone, and dimethyl sulfoxide. The copolymer fractions obtained differed appreciably in level of add-on, molecular weights of grafted chains, and grafting frequency. To determiue the molecular weights of grafted chains, the starch part of the copolymer was effectively removed by hydrolysis with α-amylase. It was necessary to dissolve or swell the polymer in dimethyl sulfoxide and freshly precipitate it by addition to water before enzymatic hydrolysis. In studying the effect of reaction medium on copolymer composition, there was less ungrafted homopolymer formed and a higher yield of graft copolymer possessing more frequent grafts with water than with aqueous dimethylformamide or aqueous ethylene glycol. Polymer solubility, the results of control polymerizations of acrylonitrile in the absence of starch, and the detection of glucose endgroups on the polyacrylonitrile liberated from the fractionated polymer by hydrolysis are presented as evidence that the copolymers obtained are true grafts rather thau intimate mixtures.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100610
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of starch. II. Copolymerization of gelatinized wheat starch with acrylonitrile: Influence of reaction conditions on copolymer compositionReported in part at the 149th Meeting, American Chemical Society, Detroit, Michigan, April 1965. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 4 (1966), S. 765-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.110041018
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight distribution of cellulose esters by gel permeation chromatography and fractional precipitationPresented to the Division of Cellulose, Wood and Fiber Chemistry, 154th Meeting, American Chemical Society, Chicago, Ill., September 1967. (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 6 (1968), S. 1697-1704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fractional precipitation and gel permeation chromatography yield comparable information on the molecular weight distribution of various cellulose esters. The GPC technique applied to samples obtained by fractional precipitation gives a much more definitive analytical tool than either method used independently. One practical application of this work showed the same molecular weight distribution of two cellulose acetates prepared by different methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.150060627
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymers of starch and polyacrylonitrile: The soluble fraction (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 7 (1969), S. 980-982 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.150070318
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymers of modified starches with polyacrylonitrile (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 7 (1969), S. 1675-1681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study was made of the ceric ammonium nitrate-initiated graft polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto a number of modified starches that had been reduced in molecular weight by either acid, hypochlorite, or enzyme treatment. With highly soluble starches, much of the starting material was recovered as ungrafted carbohydrate, and the reaction product was largely dimethylformamide-soluble polymer with a high polyacrylonitrile (PAN) content. The molecular weight of grafted PAN was lower when the modified starches existed as granules in water dispersion; however, heating (60°C) an aqueous slurry of an acid-modified corn starch (with intact granules) before the reaction had relatively little effect on the composition of the copolymer. Decreasing the concentrations in water of modified starch and AN resulted in more frequent and lower molecular weight grafts of PAN. Aqueous methanol as a reaction medium for an acid-modified starch with intact granules led to more frequent grafting of lower molecular weight PAN than when water alone was used. The number of grafted chains, however, was fewer than found with unmodified wheat starch under comparable conditions. A modified starch with the granule structure completely broken down gave no detectable reaction in aqueous methanol.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.150070711
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  • 8
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    Regulation of angiogenesis by a non-canonical Wnt-Flt1 pathway in myeloid cells (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-31
    Description: Myeloid cells are a feature of most tissues. Here we show that during development, retinal myeloid cells (RMCs) produce Wnt ligands to regulate blood vessel branching. In the mouse retina, where angiogenesis occurs postnatally, somatic deletion in RMCs of the Wnt ligand transporter Wntless results in increased angiogenesis in the deeper layers. We also show that mutation of Wnt5a and Wnt11 results in increased angiogenesis and that these ligands elicit RMC responses via a non-canonical Wnt pathway. Using cultured myeloid-like cells and RMC somatic deletion of Flt1, we show that an effector of Wnt-dependent suppression of angiogenesis by RMCs is Flt1, a naturally occurring inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These findings indicate that resident myeloid cells can use a non-canonical, Wnt-Flt1 pathway to suppress angiogenic branching.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3214992/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3214992/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stefater, James A 3rd -- Lewkowich, Ian -- Rao, Sujata -- Mariggi, Giovanni -- Carpenter, April C -- Burr, Adam R -- Fan, Jieqing -- Ajima, Rieko -- Molkentin, Jeffery D -- Williams, Bart O -- Wills-Karp, Marsha -- Pollard, Jeffrey W -- Yamaguchi, Terry -- Ferrara, Napoleone -- Gerhardt, Holger -- Lang, Richard A -- G1002033/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 AR053293/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015766/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015766-05/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 29;474(7352):511-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10085.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Visual Systems Group, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21623369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Vessels/growth & development ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ligands ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5 ; Mice ; Myeloid Cells/*metabolism ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/*physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Retina/*cytology ; *Signal Transduction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; Receptor-1/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism/secretion ; Wnt Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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