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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral and physiological responses of rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis to selected wild rices (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 52 (1989), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; insect resistance ; leaffolders ; wild rices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Reisblattroller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, ist ein Hauptschädling für Reis in mehreren asiatischen Ländern. Züchtung von Resistenz genenüber dem Blattroller ist eine praktikable Methode der Bekämpfung dieses Schädlings. Da alle modernen Reissorten gegen C. medinalis anfällig sind, werden verbesserte Sorten mit Resistenz gegenüber diesem Schädling benötigt. Glücklicherweise zeigen einige Wildreisarten ausgeprägte Resistenze gegenüber diesem Schädling. Die Resistenzmechanismen für C. medinalis in Wildreis sind jedoch unklar. Wir untersuchten auf welche Weise die Etablierung von C. medinalis auf selektierten Wildreisarten beeinflusst wird. Von vier ausgewählten Wildreisarten zeigten Oryza perennis und O. punctata Resistenz gegenüber dem Blattroller, während O. australiensis und O. nivara mässig resistant waren. Larven von C. medinalis zeigten ein starke Nicht-Präferenz in der Besiedlung von O. australiensis, O. perennis und O. nivara im Vergleich zu der anfälligen Reissorte IR36. Von den getesteten Wildreisarten wurde jedoch nur O. australiensis hinsichtlich Larvenbesiedlung und-frass stärker bevorzugt als die resistenten TKM6 Pflanzen. Der Wachstumsindex von C. medinalis war, mit Ausnahme von O. punctata, auf allen Wildreisarten signifikant niedriger als auf IR36 und TKM6 Pflanzen. Im Käfig zeigte das erste Larvenstadium an O. perennis signifikant niedrigere Larven- und Puppengewichte als an den übrigen Wildreisarten. Die Beigabe von trockenem Blattmehl von O. punctata und O. perennis Wildreis zur künstlichen Nahrung verursachte hohe Larvensterblichkeit. Eiablegende Weibchen zeigten weniger Präferenz für Wildreis als für IR36 und TKM6 Pflanzen. Da Resistenz gegen C. medinalis in angebauten Reissorten selten vorkommt, könnte die Resistenz, die in Wildreis identifiziert wurde, im Züchtungsprogramm Verwendung finden.
    Notes: Abstract Of four wild rices evaluated, Oryza perennis and O. punctata showed resistance to rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), whereas O. australiensis and O. nivara were moderately resistant. C. medinalis larvae showed a strong nonpreference for settling and feeding on Oryza australiensis, O. perennis and O. nivara as compared to susceptible IR36 rice variety. Among wild rices tested, however, only O. australiensis, was more preferred for larval settling and feeding than resistant TKM6 plants. The growth index of C. medinalis on all wild rices, except O. punctata was significantly lower than on IR36 and TKM6 plants. First-instar larvae caged on O. perennis showed significantly lower larval and pupal weights than those on other wild rices. Incorporation of dry leaf powder of O. punctata and O. perennis wild rices in an artificial diet caused high larval mortality. Ovipositing gravid females showed less preference for wild rices than for IR36 and TKM6 plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163936
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of trichomes in soybean resistance to cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 109-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Glycine max ; soybeans ; trichomes ; plant resistance ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'influence de la densité et de la longueur des trichomes de Glycine max sur la résistance à Trichoplusia ni a été évaluée suivant la position des feuilles sur une lignée résistante (‘PI 227687’) et sur un cultivar sensible (‘Davis’). Les feuilles apicales (juvéniles) tant de PI 227687 que de Davis, recouvertes de trichomes denses, résistèrent mieux à l'alimentation larvaire et à la survie de T. ni. Quand ces trichomes étaient éliminés, ces feuilles ne résistaient pas plus à l'alimentation des larves de T. ni que les feuilles non rasées TL3 et TL5 de PI 227687 ou toutes les autres feuilles de Davis. Les tests avec des extraits dans l'acétate d'éthyle et l'hexane de feuilles provenant de différentes positions de PI 227687 et Davis, destinés à mettre en évidence des phagodissuadants, ont montré que la résistance observée chez les feuilles apicales de Davis était attribuable aux trichomes (c'est-à-dire à un caractère morphologique), tandis que chez les mêmes feuilles de PI 227687 elle impliquait à la fois des trichomes (morphologie) et des substances chimiques, mais avec une prédominance de l'influence des trichomes.
    Notes: Abstract Role of leaf trichome density and length in Glycine max (L.) Merr. resistance to Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) was evaluated at different leaf positions on a relatively resistant soybean, plant introduction (PI) 227687, and a relatively susceptible cultivar, ‘Davis’. The uppermost (juvenile) leaf within both PI 227687 and ‘Davis’ plants, which is densely covered with trichomes, was most resistant to T. ni larval feeding and survival. When these trichomes were shaven off, such leaves became as susceptible to T. ni larval feeding as unshaven TL3 and TL5 leaves (PI 227687) or all other unshaven leaves (‘Davis’). Bioassays for antifeedants in ethyl acetate and hexane extractables from leaves at the different positions on PI 227687 and ‘Davis’ plants showed that the resistance observed in the uppermost ‘Davis’ leaf is attributable to trichomes (i.e., a morphological factor); whereas, in the uppermost PI 227687 leaf it involves both morphological (trichomes) and chemical factors, but the trichome parameter is dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343536
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aberrations caused by neem oil odour in green leafhopper feeding on rice plants (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Feeding behaviour ; green leafhopper ; neem oil ; Nephotettix virescens ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé De nombreux essais en plein champ à l'I.R.R.I. ont révélé une réduction du T.V. (tungro virus) transmis par (Nephotettix virescens) sur des parcelles de riz sensible non-traitées, entourées de parcelles pulvérisées périodiquement avec de l'essence de graines de neem (Azadirachta indica). L'essence de neem a une forte odeur d'ail, perceptible à distance. Nous avons examiné l'effet de l'odeur d'essence de neem sur le comportement alimentaire deN. verescens, grâce à un dispositif électronique et un colorant spécifique de la lignine. Sur du riz maintenu dans une enceinte imprégnée d'odeur d'essence de neem, nous avons constaté une diminution de la consommation de phloème, une augmentation significative de la fréquence des piqûres et une augmentation de temps de salivation et d'absorption de xylème. Ces altérations du comportement alimentaire provoquées par l'odeur d'essence de neem peuvent expliquer la diminution de la fréquence du T.V. spécifique du phloème dans des champs de riz non-traités, entourés de champs pulvérisés avec de l'essence de neem.
    Notes: Abstract Using an electronic device and a lignin-specific dye, the feeding behaviour of the green leafhopper,Nephotettix virescens (Distant), (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) was monitored on rice plants kept in an arena permeated with the odour of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed oil. The garlicky odour of neem oil disrupted the normal feeding behaviour of the leafhopper. Phloem feeding byN. virescens on rice plants kept in an arena permeated with odour of 6, 12, or 25% neem oil was significantly reduced compared with that on control plants kept in an arena with paraffin oil or 1.66% aqueous ‘Teepol’ solution. Reduced intake from phloem was associated with a significant increase in the insect's probing frequency and an increase in durations of salivation and xylem ingestion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00629315
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of clinically important thermophilic actinomycetes in vegetable substrates and soil in north-western India (1989)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 56 (1989), S. 201-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: thermophilic actmonycetes in India ; Faenia rectivirgula ; Thermoactinomyces spp. ; Saccharomonospora viridis ; hay ; compost ; bagasse ; soil ; straw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Medically important thermophilic actinomycetes were isolated from 218 (64%) of 341 samples of vegetable substrates and soil examined from sites in north-western India. Thermoactinomyces vulgaris (T. candidus) was the commonest species, occurring in 56% of samples, followed by Saccharomonospora viridis in 29%, Thermoactinomyces thalpophilus in 27%, Faenia rectivirgula (Micropolyspora faeni) in 21% and Thermoactinomyces sacchari in 14%. T. vulgaris and T. thalpophilus were isolated from all types of substrate examined, with T. vulgaris always more common than T. thalpophilus. Of the other thermophilic actinomycetes, F. rectivirgula was isolated predominantly from hay (44%) and S. viridis (56%) and T. sacchari (44%) from sugarcane bagasse. The largest populations of T. vulgaris and T. thalpophilus were found in paddy straw, followed by T. sacchari, S. viridis and F. rectivirgula in sugar-cane bagasse. The widespread occurrence of these clinically important thermophilic actinomycetes suggests that exposure of humans and animals to them may be frequent in north-western India. Studies are required to determine the prevalence of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) caused by thermophilic actinomycetes in the local population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418932
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral and physiological responses of cabbage looper,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), to steam distillates from resistant versus susceptible soybean plants (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1903-1915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelochemicals ; cabbage looper ; Glycine max ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; plant resistance ; plant volatiles ; soybeans ; steam distillates ; Trichoplusia ni
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Soybean plant volatiles, extracted as steam distillates, significantly affected the behavior and biology of the cabbage looper,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Distillates from the susceptible Davis variety attractedT. ni larvae and female adults, whereas those from resistant PI 227687 plants repelled them. When mixed in an artificial diet, steam distillates from PI 227687 plants caused mortality of first-instar larvae. Adults emerging from pupae topically treated with 5 μg of such PI 227687 extractable showed developmental abnormalities. Larval feeding was significantly less on Davis leaves treated with PI 227687 volatiles as compared to solvent (acetone) or such Davis extractables. However, Davis volatiles on PI 227687 leaves did not increase larval feeding. HPLC analyses of steam distillates from susceptible Davis versus resistant PI 227687 indicated differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013239
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precipitating antibodies againstMicropolyspora faeni in equines in north-western India (1985)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 51 (1985), S. 313-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Prevalence of serum precipitins againstMicropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris andAspergillus fumigatus, employing the counterimmunoelectrophoresis (COTE) and Ouchterlony's double diffusion (DD) techniques, is reported in 162 of the equines stationed at two military installations in northwestern India.M. faeni specific precipitins were demonstrable in 58 of 112 mules from site I in the mountainous region whereas the results were negative for all of the 50 horses examined from site IT located in the plains. Of the 58M. faeni positive mules, 45 (78%) had signs and symptoms suggestive of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) while the remaining 13 (22%) were apparently free from any respiratory disorder. The more frequent occurrence ofM. faeni precipitins in the symptomatic than in the asymptomatic group of mules was found to be statistically significant (P 〈 0.01). Precipitins againstA. fumigatus were concomitantly demonstrated in 5 of the mules afflicted with COPD and found to be positive forM. faeni.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439940
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  • 7
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    RNA-directed RNA polymerases from healthy and from virus-infected cucumber. (1986)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Observation ofD0Meson Nuclear Modifications inAu+AuCollisions atsNN=200  GeV (2014)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-30
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 9
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    BclAF1 restriction factor is neutralized by proteasomal degradation and microRNA repression during human cytomegalovirus infection (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-29
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Characterization of HPV and host genome interactions in primary head and neck cancers (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-13
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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