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  • Other Sources  (14)
  • 2010-2014  (10)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
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  • 1
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    The cosmic-ray spectra of H-1, H-2, and He-4 as a test of the origin of the hydrogen superfluxes at solar minimum modulation (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Low-energy 1-AU cosmic-ray spectra obtained using the IMP-8 satellite cosmic-ray telescope (Garcia-Munoz et al., 1975) at quiet times during the solar minimum of 1972-1977 are reported and combined with published data on that minimum and the previous one (1965), with a focus on the anomalous He-4 and heavy-nucleus spectra and proton and helium superfluxes observed in 1972-1977. The 56-MeV/nucleon H-2/H-1 and H-2/He-4 abundance ratios and the differential energy spectra are plotted versus time and solar modulation level over an entire cycle, and the proton and He superfluxes, which do not contribute to the anomalies, are attributed to the reduced levels of residual modulation present during 1972-1977.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 294; 455-462
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Interstellar propagation and the isotopic composition of hydrogen in the galactic cosmic rays (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Preliminary results of a study of the propagation of the quartet of stable isotopes of hydrogen and helium are reported. A mean pathlength of 7.5 + or - 0.5 g/sq cms at approximately 300 MeV/nucleon is required to explain the low energy deuterium spectrum. This pathlength is consistent with pathlengths derived from the elements with Z 2, but is a (He-3/He-4) measurement of Jordan and P. Meyer (1984). The propagation calculations reported here incorporate the preliminary results of an updated nuclear interaction cross section survey covering the period since the review by J. P. Meyer (1972).
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-4.2-1 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 2; p 56-59; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-2
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  • 3
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    All-Particle Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum Measured with 26 Icetop Stations (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We report on a measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum with the IceTop air shower array, thesurface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. The data used in this analysiswere taken between June and October, 2007, with 26 surface stations operational at that time, corresponding to about one third of the final array. The fiducial area used in this analysis was 0.122 square kilometers.The analysis investigated the energy spectrum from 1 to 100 PeV measured for three different zenithangle ranges between 0 and 46. Because of the isotropy of cosmic rays in this energy range the spectrafrom all zenith angle intervals have to agree. The cosmic-ray energy spectrum was determined under differentassumptions on the primary mass composition. Good agreement of spectra in the three zenithangle ranges was found for the assumption of pure proton and a simple two-component model. Forzenith angles theta less than 30 deg., where the mass dependence is smallest, the knee in the cosmic ray energy spectrumwas observed at about 4 PeV, with a spectral index above the knee of about -3.1. Moreover, an indicationof a flattening of the spectrum above 22 PeV was observed.
    Keywords: Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields; Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN10580 , Astroparticle Physics; 44; 40-58
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  • 4
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    Observation of an Anisotropy in the Galactic Cosmic Ray Arrival Direction at 400 TeV with IceCube (2012)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In this paper we report the first observation in the Southern hemisphere of an energy dependence in the Galactic cosmic ray anisotropy up to a few hundred TeV. This measurement was performed using cosmic ray induced muons recorded by the partially deployed IceCube observatory between May 2009 and May 2010. The data include a total of 33 x 10(exp 9) muon events with a median angular resolution of approx. 3 degrees. A sky map of the relative intensity in arrival direction over the Southern celestial sky is presented for cosmic ray median energies of 20 and 400 TeV. The same large-scale anisotropy observed at median energies around 20 TeV is not present at 400 TeV. Instead, the high energy skymap shows a different anisotropy structure including a deficit with a post-trial significance of -6.3 sigma. This anisotropy reveals a new feature of the Galactic cosmic ray distribution, which must be incorporated into theories of the origin and propagation of cosmic rays.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: GSFC.ABS..5857.2012 , The Astrophysical Journal; 746; 1
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  • 5
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    Background Studies for Acoustic Neutrino Detection at the South Pole (2012)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The detection of acoustic signals from ultra-high energy neutrino interactions is a promising method. to measure the flux of cosmogenic neutrinos expected on Earth. The energy threshold for this process depends strongly on the absolute noise level in the target material. The South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS). deployed in the upper part of four boreholes of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, has monitored the noise in Antarctic ice at the geographic South Pole for more than two years down to 500 m depth. The noise is very stable and Gaussian distributed, Lacking an in situ calibration up to now, laboratory measurements have been used to estimate the absolute noise level in the 10-50 kHz frequency range to be smaller than 20 mPa. Using a threshold trigger. sensors of the South Pole Acoustic Test Setup registered acoustic events in the IceCube detector volume and its vicinity. Acoustic signals from refreezing IceCube holes and from anthropogenic sources have been used to test the localization of acoustic events. An upper limit on the neutrino flux at energies E(sub v) 〉 10(exp 11) GeV is derived from acoustic data taken over eight months.
    Keywords: Acoustics
    Type: GSFC.JA.7117.2012 , Astroparticle Physics; 35; 6; 312-324
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  • 6
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    Searching for Soft Relativistic Jets in Core-Collapse Supernovae with the IceCube Optical Follow-up Program (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Context. Transient neutrino sources such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and Supernovae (SNe) are hypothesized to emit bursts of high-energy neutrinos on a time-scale of 〈 or approx.100 s. While GRB neutrinos would be produced in high relativistic jets, core-collapse SNe might host soft-relativistic jets, which become stalled in the outer layers of the progenitor star leading to an efficient production of high-energy neutrinos. Aims. To increase the sensitivity to these neutrinos and identify their sources, a low-threshold optical follow-up program for neutrino multiplets detected with the IceCube observatory has been implemented. Methods. If a neutrino multiplet, i.e. two or more neutrinos from the same direction within 100 s, is found by IceCube a trigger is sent to the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment, ROTSE. The 4 ROTSE telescopes immediately start an observation program of the corresponding region of the sky in order to detect an optical counterpart to the neutrino events. Results. No statistically significant excess in the rate of neutrino multiplets has been observed and furthermore no coincidence with an optical counterpart was found. Conclusions. The search allows, for the first time, to set stringent limits on current models predicting a high-energy neutrino flux from soft relativistic hadronic jets in core-collapse SNe. We conclude that a sub-population of SNe with typical Lorentz boost factor and jet energy of 10 and 3 x 10(exp 51) erg, respectively, does not exceed 4:2% at 90% confidence.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC.JA.5925.2012
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  • 7
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    Neutrino Analysis of the September 2010 Crab Nebula Flare and Time-integrated Constraints on Neutrino Emission From the Crab Using IceCube (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: We present the results for a search of high-energy muon neutrinos with the IceCube detector in coincidence with the Crab nebula flare reported on September 2010 by various experiments. Due to the unusual flaring state of the otherwise steady source we performed a prompt analysis of the 79-string configuration data to search for neutrinos that might be emitted along with the observed gamma-rays. We performed two different and complementary data selections of neutrino events in the time window of 10 days around the flare. One event selection is optimized for discovery of E(sub nu)(sup -2) neutrino spectrum typical of 1st order Fermi acceleration. A similar event selection has also been applied to the 40-string data to derive the time-integrated limits to the neutrino emission from the Crab [35]. The other event selection was optimized for discovery of neutrino spectra with softer spectral index and TeV energy cut-offs as observed for various galactic sources in gamma-rays. The 90% CL best upper limits on the Crab flux during the 10 day flare are 4.73 x 10(exp -11) per square centimeter per second TeV (sup -1) for an E(sub nu) (sup -2) neutrino spectrum and 2.50 x 10(exp -10) per square centimeter per second TeV(sup -1) for a softer neutrino spectra of E(sub nu)(sup -2.7), as indicated by Fermi measurements during the flare. IceCube has also set a time-integrated limit on the neutrino emission of the Crab using 375.5 days of livetime of the 40-string configuration data. This limit is compared to existing models of neutrino production from the Crab and its impact on astrophysical parameters is discussed. The most optimistic predictions of some models are already rejected by the IceCube neutrino telescope with more than 90% CL.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC.JA.7141.2012
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  • 8
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    Observation of Anisotropy in the Galactic Cosmic Ray Arrival Directions at 400 TEV With IceCube (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: In this paper we report the first observation in the Southern hemisphere of an energy dependence in the Galactic cosmic ray anisotropy up to a few hundred TeV. This measurement was performed using cosmic ray induced muons recorded by the partially deployed IceCube observatory between May 2009 and May 2010. The data include a total of 33x l0(epx 9) muon events with a median angular resolution of approx 3 degrees. A sky map of the relative intensity in arrival direction over the Southern celestial sky is presented for cosmic ray median energies of 20 and 400 Te V. The same large-scale anisotropy observed at median energies around 20 TeV is not present at 400 TeV. Instead, the high energy skymap shows a different anisotropy structure including a deficit with a post-trial significance of -6.30 sigma. This anisotropy reveals a new feature of the Galactic cosmic ray distribution, which must be incorporated into theories of the origin and propagation of cosmic rays.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: GSFC.JA.7147.2012
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Neutrino Analysis of the September 2010 Crab Nebula Flare and Time-Integrated Constraints on Neutrino Emission from the Crab Using IceCube (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: We present the results for a search of high-energy muon neutrinos with the IceCube detector in coincidence with the Crab nebula flare reported on September 2010 by various experiments. Due to the unusual flaring state of the otherwise steady source we performed a prompt analysis of the 79-string configuration data to search for neutrinos that might be emitted along with the observed gamma-rays. We performed two different and complementary data selections of neutrino events in the time window of 10 days around the flare. One event selection is optimized for discovery of E(sub v)(sup -2) neutrino spectrum typical of 1st order Fermi acceleration. A similar event selection has also been applied to the 40-string data to derive the time-integrated limits to the neutrino emission from the Crab [35]. The other event selection was optimized for discovery of neutrino spectra with softer spectral index and TeV energy cut-offs as observed for various galactic sources in gamma-rays. The 90% CL best upper limits on the Crab flux during the 10 day flare are 4.73 x 10(exp -11) per square centimeter per second TeV(sup -1) for an E(sub v)(sup -2) neutrino spectrum and 2.50 x 10(exp -10) per square centimeter per second TeV(sup -1) for a softer neutrino spectra of E(sub v)(sup -2.7), as indicated by Fermi measurements during the flare. IceCube has also set a time-integrated limit on the neutrino emission of the Crab using 375.5 days of livetime of the 40-string configuration data. This limit is compared to existing models of neutrino production from the Crab and its impact on astrophysical parameters is discussed. The most optimistic predictions of some models are already rejected by the IceCube neutrino telescope with more than 90% CL.
    Keywords: Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields
    Type: GSFC.JA.6323.2012
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  • 10
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    Background Studies for Acoustic Neutrino Detection at the South Pole (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The detection of acoustic signals from ultra-high energy neutrino interactions is a promising method to measure the flux of cosmogenic neutrinos expected on Earth. The energy threshold for this process depends strongly on the absolute noise level in the target material. The South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS), deployed in the upper part of four boreholes of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, has monitored the noise in Antarctic ice at the geographic South Pole for more than two years down to 500m depth. The noise is very stable and Gaussian distributed. Lacking an in-situ calibration up to now, laboratory measurements have been used to estimate the absolute noise level in the 10 to 50 kHz frequency range to be smaller than 20mPa. Using a threshold trigger, sensors of the South Pole Acoustic Test Setup registered acoustic events in the IceCube detector volume and its vicinity. Acoustic signals from refreezing IceCube holes and from anthropogenic sources have been used to test the localization of acoustic events. An upper limit on the neutrino flux at energies E 〉 10(exp 11) GeV is derived from acoustic data taken over eight months.
    Keywords: Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields
    Type: GSFC.JA.6321.2012
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