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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (76)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
  • 2010-2014  (22)
  • 1985-1989  (76)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-23
    Description: High-resolution gravity data obtained from the dual Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) spacecraft show that the bulk density of the Moon's highlands crust is 2550 kilograms per cubic meter, substantially lower than generally assumed. When combined with remote sensing and sample data, this density implies an average crustal porosity of 12% to depths of at least a few kilometers. Lateral variations in crustal porosity correlate with the largest impact basins, whereas lateral variations in crustal density correlate with crustal composition. The low-bulk crustal density allows construction of a global crustal thickness model that satisfies the Apollo seismic constraints, and with an average crustal thickness between 34 and 43 kilometers, the bulk refractory element composition of the Moon is not required to be enriched with respect to that of Earth.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN6865 , Science (ISSN 0036-8075) (e-ISSN 1095-9203); 339; 6120; 671-675
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  • 2
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: During the past year three periodic comets were recovered. They were Tsuchinshan 2, Whipple, and Daniel. Follow up positions on four newly discovered comets appeared on IAU cards: Machholz, Hartley, Maury, and Shoemaker 3. Halley was captured shortly after its 1985 conjunction and a set of exposures in late summer was one of the earliest showing tail development. A variety of interesting asteroids were also captured.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 135
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Analyses are presented of Giotto's Dust Impact Detection System experiment measurements of dust grains incident on the Giotto dust shield along its trajectory through the coma of comet P/Halley on March 13 and 14, 1986. Ground-based CCD imagery of the inner coma dust continuum at the time of the encounter are used to derive the area of grains intercepted by Giotto. Data obtained at large masses show clear evidence of a decrease in the mass distribution index at these masses within the coma; it is shown that such a value of the mass index can furnish sufficient mass for consistency with an observed deceleration.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 187; 1-2,; 719-741
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The diffusive acceleration of highly relativistic particles at a shock is reconsidered. Using the same physical assumptions as Blandford and Ostriker (1978), but dropping the restriction to nonrelativistic shock velocities, the authors find approximate solutions of the particle kinetic equation by generalizing the diffusion approximation to higher order terms in the anisotropy of the particle distribution. The general solution of the transport equation on either side of the shock is constructed, which involves the solution of an eigenvalue problem. By matching the two solutions at the shock, the spectral index of the resulting power law is found by taking into account a sufficiently large number of eigenfunctions. Low-order truncation corresponds to the standard diffusion approximation and to a somewhat more general method described by Peacock (1981). In addition to the energy spectrum, the method yields the angular distribution of the particles and its spatial dependence.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 315; 425-433
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Observations of the potential optical counterparts of the unusual source IRAS 18333-2357 are reported. There are three distinct optical objects located within roughly 2 arcsec of the IR source: a red star, a very blue star, and an extended emission line nebulosity. IRAS 18333-2357 indeed appears to be physically associated with the Galactic globular cluster M22, and while it probably should be considered a PN, its very small nebular mass and extreme abundance anomalies are very unusual among known PNe. IRAS 18333-2357 does not appear to be at an early stage of PN evolution, but instead may be in a late stage. The lack of an associated radio or H-alpha source is the result of abundance anomalies in the source.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 338; 862-874
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Simulations of Comet Giacobini-Zinner's interaction with solar wind are described and results are presented. The simulations are carried out via the numerical solution of the ideal MHD equations as an initial value problem in a uniform solar wind. The calculations are performed on a Cartesian mesh centered at the comet. Results reveal that the first significant modifications of the solar wind along the ISEE/ICE trajectory will occur 100,000 km from the solar wind comet axis.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: EOS (ISSN 0096-3941); 67; 17
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The proper elements and family assignments for the 1227 Palomar-Leiden Survey asteroids of high quality were tabulated. In addition to the large table, there are also auxiliary tables of Mars crossers and commensurate objects, histograms of the proper element distributions, and a discussion. Probably the most important part of the discussion describes the Mars crossing boundary, how the closest distances of approach to Mars and Jupiter are calculated, and why the observed population of Mars crossers should bombard that planet episodically rather than uniformly. Analytical work was done to derive velocity distributions of family forming events from proper element distributions subject to assumptions which may be appropriate for cratering events. Software was developed for a microcomputer to permit plotting of the proper elements. Three orthogonal views are generated and stereo pairs can be printed when desired. This program was created for the study of asteroid families. The astrometry task is directed toward measuring and reducing positions on faint comets and the minor planets with less common orbits. The observational material is CCD frames taken with the Palomar 1.5 m telescope. Positions of 10 comets and 16 different asteroids were published on the Minor Planet Circulars.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1986; p 75-76
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: UV spectroscopy obtained for the RS CVn star II Pegasi in September, 1986, indicates the presence of a rotational modulation effect for the Mg II h and k and O I 1305 A lines; the largest flux is observed when the primary spot concentration is nearly on the opposite hemisphere, and the rotational modulation is noted to be of opposite sense to that observed in 1981. Optical photometry shows the largest concentration of spots on one hemisphere ever observed on II Peg, implying a spot group covering over 50 percent of the projected area of one hemisphere.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 223; 1-2,; 219-226
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The 72 IUE spectra of Alpha Cam and 19 IUE spectra of Kappa Cas, obtained during 72 hours of continuous IUE time in September 1978 were searched for variations in the profiles of the resonance lines of Si IV, C IV, and N V, and the results are discussed. The UV resonance lines in the spectra of Alpha Cam showed variations at the 2 percent level near -1800, -700, and +700 km/s. The first two variations can be explained by absorption components of outward-accelerated blobs or shells with an average acceleration of 1.5 cm/sq s. The characteristics of the blobs and shells are discussed, including the column densities and masses. No variations were found in the spectra of Kappa Cas.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 325; 342-354
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The present data from a consistent body of CCD aperture and surface photometry for the brightest galaxies in 175 clusters from the Abell catalog confirm the dispersion in the aperture luminosities for first-ranked cluster galaxies of about 0.32 mag, as well as the documented trends of luminosity with Bautz-Morgan class and cluster richness. Half of these objects are multiple-nucleus systems; multiplicity is not strongly correlated with cluster morphology or richness, and the fraction of multiples is 2-10 times higher than would be produced by random projection in the cores of Hubble-law clusters. The average distance of the secondary nuclei from the luminosity center of the galaxy is significantly less than the value expected from random projections.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256); 90; 1648-166
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