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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses by iron-efficient and inefficient oat cultivars to inoculation with siderophore-producing bacteria in a calcareous soil (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 118-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Siderophores ; Rhizosphere bacteria ; Pseudomonas ; Iron uptake ; Oats ; Inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rhizosphere bacteria may enhance plant uptake of Fe by producing siderophores that chelate sparingly soluble Fe3+ in calcareous soils. To evaluate the extent to which plants benefit from colonization of the roots by prolific siderophore-producing bacteria, we inoculated two oat cultivars with six strains of bacteria that produced high concentrations of siderophores under Felimiting conditions in vitro. Oat cv Coker 227, an Fe-efficient cultivar, which produces the phytosiderophore avenic acid, and cv TAM 0-312, and Fe-inefficient cultivar, which does not produce the phytosiderophore, were grown in a calcareous soil (Weswood silt loam) on a light bench in the laboratory. Half of the plants were fertilized with a nutrient solution containing 5 mM Fe and half with a nutrient solution containing no Fe. After 6 weeks of growth, we compared colonization of the roots by the inoculant bacteria and the dry weight and Fe content of roots and shoots. Three species of Pseudomonas colonized the roots of both oat cultivars in high numbers (≥106 cells g-1 root dry weight), whereas the remaining bacteria colonized the roots in substantially lower numbers (≤104 cells g-1 root dry weight). Plants fertilized with 5 mM Fe were larger and supported greater numbers or rhizosphere bacteria per gram of root than plants not supplied with Fe. Comparisons of the Fe content and dry weight of roots and shoots revealed few significant differences between inoculated and uninoculated plants, or among the plants inoculated with the different strains of siderophore-producing bacteria. The differences that were observed revealed no consistent response to inoculation. We conclude that inoculation of the roots of the two oat cultivars with bacteria that produce high concentrations of siderophores in response to an Fe deficiency had little or no effect on Fe acquisition by the plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369412
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae screened for Troyer citrange (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Troyer citrange ; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae ; Glomus spp. ; Gigaspora margarita ; Inoculation ; Rootstock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Troyer citrange is an important citrus root-stock but a slow grower. Eighteen different vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi were screened for their symbiotic response with Troyer citrange in unsterilized soil. Of the 18 fungi,Glomus macrocarpum (Ruakura),G. caledonicum (Nedlands),G. velum (Nedlands),G. monosporum (Nedlands),Gigaspora margarita (Ruakura), gave the greatest improvements in growth and nutrition, resulting in larger leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, and plant biomass, with higher P, Zn and Cu contents. All the five fungi were statistically on a par with each other in improving the growth and nutrition of Troyer citrange. Inoculations with these fungi allowed the rootstock to reach a stem diameter of pencil thickness, i.e., ready for budding, in about 13–14 months in contrast to 18–19 months without mycorrhizal inoculations, thus saving about 5–6 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitiveness of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strains in relation to environmental stress and plant defense mechanisms (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 12 (1991), S. 170-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Competitiveness ; Inoculation ; Tropical soil ; Phytoalexins ; Environmental stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Six Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strains (Ciat 151, Ciat 895, Ciat 899, CE3, H2C, Kim5s) were tested for nodule occupancy in different bean cultivars at two field sites (one fertile, one acid tropical soil) and in the greenhouse. The effects of several environmental factors such as low pH, high temperature, Al and Mn toxicity, iron deficiency, bean tannins, and bean phytoalexins were tested in vitro. Strain Kim5s was competitive under all tested conditions while strains CE3 and H2C had consistently low nodule occupancy levels. Strain Ciat 151 was superior to the other inoculant strains in the acid soil but competed poorly in the fertile soil. Strain Ciat 895 was more competitive in the fertile soil. There was a decline in nodule occupancy for all strains tested from the first trifoliate leaf stage to the pod-filling stage. No plant genotype effect on nodule occupancy was observed. There were significant (P〈0.05) plant genotype and location effects, but no significant strain effect on acetylene reduction activity, plant dry weight, and nodule number. The greenhouse experiments confirmed, at least partially, the results from the field trials. In Leonard jars with an acid soil, strains Ciat 151 and Kim5s were amongst the most competitive strains. In coinoculation experiments, Kim5s was the most competitive strain, followed by Ciat 899 and Ciat 895. The competitiveness of a given strain was affected by the coinoculant strain. Tolerance in vitro to low pH, high growth temperature, Al or Mn toxicity, or Fe limitation was not related to competitiveness of the inoculum strains. The sensitivity of the strains towards bean tannins or bean phytoalexins also was not correlated with their competitiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337197
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inoculation response in kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia in non-sterilized soil (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 18 (1994), S. 95-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; Rhizobia ; Glomus pallidum ; Glomus aggregatum ; Sclerocystis microcarpa ; Kidney bean ; Inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of dual inoculation on three local cultivars (Miss Kelly, Portland Red, Round Red) of red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) with four strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli and three species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi was examined in a clay loam soil. Rhizobial strains B 17 and B 36, each paired with Glomus pallidum or G. aggregatum, were the most effective pairings for cv. Miss Kelly. Inoculation of Miss Kelly with any of these pairings significantly (P=0.05) increased growth, number of nodules, nodule dry weight, mycorrhizal colonization, and shoot N and P content than other pairings. The growth response by cv. Portland Red was significantly improved by pairings of B 36 or B 17 with any of the three VAM fungi. For both cultivars (Miss Kelly and Portland Red), CIAT 652 or T 2 paired with VAM fungi did not give a positive growth response. In contrast, for cv Round Red the T 2 rhizobial strain in combination with any of the three VAM fungi showed a significant (P=0.05) growth improvement in all parameters. Our results suggest that while dual inoculation of VAM fungi and rhizobia significantly improves the growth response by red kidney beans, the best pairings of VAM fungus and rhizobia for each cultivar need to be carefully selected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336452
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparisons of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal species and inocula formulations in a commercial nursery and on diverse Florida beaches (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Beach ; External hyphae ; Mycorrhizae ; Field planting ; Inoculation ; Inoculum density ; Introduced fungi ; Native fungi ; Survival ; Uniola paniculata ; Glomus spp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract For efficient use of mycorrhizal inoculum the effectiveness of the isolate used and the rate of application required for maximum colonization must be known. The objectives of this research were to (1) define the lower limit of inoculum density required for maximum colonization of Uniola paniculata in a commercial nursery and (2) evaluate the performance of a selected native dune vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) isolate versus a commercially available non-dune VAM (foreign) isolate on three diverse Florida beaches. An inoculum-dilution study was conducted in a commercial nursery with cutroot inoculum of a Glomus sp. that had been isolated from a Florida dune. Maximum colonization was achieved with approximately 1 propagule ml-1 of growth medium. In a separate nursery study, 10 inoculation treatments (combinations of inoculum source and level) were established in the commercial nursery. Treatments included cut-root and sheared-root inoculum of the native dune isolate, and Nutri-Link, a commercial inoculum of G. intraradices. Colonized plants from selected treatments were transplanted to beach sites around Florida. At Miami Beach, after one growing season, the shoot mass of plants inoculated with the native isolate was approximately twice that of plants inoculated with the foreign isolate. At Katherine Abbey Hanna Park and Eglin Air Force Base there were no significant inoculum source effects on shoot mass or root length after one growing season. However, the native isolate produced a greater colonized root length than the foreign isolate in all plantings. The soil hyphal density was measured at Eglin Air Force Base, and the results showed that plants inoculated with the native isolate had more soil hyphae (4.33 mg-1) than plants inoculated with the foreign isolate (3.65 mg-1) or the non-inoculated plants (2.12 mg-1). Even where there were no obvious shoot growth responses, mycorrhizal inoculation may have an important effect on dune stabilization, as soil hyphae are known to bind sand grains and improve dune stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369416
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