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  • Articles  (14,481)
  • Springer  (11,323)
  • International Union of Crystallography  (2,901)
  • American Physical Society
  • Annual Reviews
  • Institute of Physics
  • 2010-2014  (4,741)
  • 1995-1999  (8,215)
  • 1955-1959  (1,525)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (14,481)
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  • Articles  (14,481)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whole body analysis of the knockout gene mouse model for cystic fibrosis using thermal and fast neutron activation analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 236 (1998), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A genetically engineered “knockout gene” mouse model for human cystic fibrosis (CF) has been utilized to study bone mineralization. In CF, the so-called cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a chloride ion channel, is either absent or defective. To produce the animal model the murine CFTR gene has been inactivated producing CF symptoms in the homozygotic progeny. CF results in abnormal intestinal absorption of minerals and nutrients which presumably results in substandard bone mineralization. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using whole-body thermal and fast neutron activation analysis to determine mineral and trace-element differences between homozygote controls (+/+) and CF (−/−), murine siblings. Gender-matched juvenile +/+ and −/− litter mates were lyophilized and placed in a BN capsule to reduce thermal-neutron activation and irradiated for 10 seconds at φfast ≈ 1·1013 n·cm−2·s−1 using the MURR pneumatic-tube facility. Phosphorus was measured via the31P15(n,α)28Al13 reaction. After several days decay, the whole-body specimens were re-irradiated in the same facility, but without thermal-neutron shielding, for 5 seconds and the gamma-ray spectrum was recorded at two different decay periods allowing measurement of77mSe,24Na,27Mg,38Cl,42K,49Ca,56Mn,66Cu and80Br from the corresponding radiative-capture reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02386326
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  • 2
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    Whole body analysis of the knockout gene mouse model for cystic fibrosis using thermal and fast neutron activation analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0236-5731
    Electronic ISSN: 1588-2780
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practical experience and issues in designing and performing population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Population pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacodynamics ; experimental design ; drug development ; clinical trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An expert meeting to discuss issues relating to the design of population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies was held in Brussels in March 1995, under the auspices of the European Co-operation in Science and Technology (COST), Medicine (B1) programme. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the experts' experience in designing and performing population PK/PD studies. The topics discussed were current practice, logistical issues, ensuring the accuracy of data, covariate assessment, communication, and protocol design. The main conclusions from the meeting were: 1) a population PK/PD analysis should be one of the objectives of a clinical trial and should not compromise the other objectives; 2) it is particularly important to communicate the purpose of the population PK/PD analysis to the investigators and to convince them of the importance of accurately recording dosing and sampling times; 3) some prior knowledge of the PK and PD models and covariate relationships is necessary for the analysis of sparse phase III data; 4) computer simulation and optimal design measures may be useful in defining sampling times; 5) population methods and objectives must be specified as completely as possible in the protocol. Participants: L. Aarons (UK), L. Balant (Switzerland), P. Bechtel (France), R. Bruno (France), P. Burtin (Switzerland), C. Dubruc (France), E. Fuseau (UK), J. Gabrielsson (Sweden), U. Gundert-Remy (Germany), R. Jochemsen (France), M. Karlsson (Sweden), C. Laveille (France), I. Meineke (Germany), F. Mentré (France), P. Morselli (France), G. Paintaud (France), A. Racine-Poon (Switzerland), J. Rodriguez (Spain), F. Rombout (The Netherlands), M. Rowland (UK), J.-L. Steimer (Switzerland), A. Van Peer (Belgium), S. Vozeh (Switzerland), W. Weber (Germany), B. Wittke (Switzerland) The views expressed by the participants do not necessarily reflect those of the organizations they represent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226323
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practical experience and issues in designing and performing population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Population pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacodynamics; experimental design ; drug development ; clinical trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An expert meeting to discuss issues relating to the design of population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies was held in Brussels in March 1995, under the auspices of the European Co-operation in Science and Technology (COST), Medicine (B1) programme. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the experts’ experience in designing and performing population PK/PD studies. The topics discussed were current practice, logistical issues, ensuring the accuracy of data, covariate assessment, communication, and protocol design. The main conclusions from the meeting were: 1) a population PK/PD analysis should be one of the objectives of a clinical trial and should not compromise the other objectives; 2) it is particularly important to communicate the purpose of the population PK/PD analysis to the investigators and to convince them of the importance of accurately recording dosing and sampling times; 3) some prior knowledge of the PK and PD models and covariate relationships is necessary for the analysis of sparse phase III data; 4) computer simulation and optimal design measures may be useful in defining sampling times; 5) population methods and objectives must be specified as completely as possible in the protocol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226323
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of the Zn(II) Complex with Norfloxacin in Static Air Atmosphere (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 58 (1999), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: non-isothermal kinetics ; norfloxacin ; thermal decomposition ; Zn(II) complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal decomposition of Zn[NFA]2⋅5H2O (NFA=C16H18FN3O3, norfloxacin) and its kinetics were studied under non-isothermal conditions in air by TG-DTG and DTA methods. The intermediate and residue for each decomposition were identified from the TG curve. The non-isothermal kinetic data were analyzed by means of the Achar method and the Madhusudanan-Krishnan-Ninan (MKN) method. The possible reaction mechanisms were investigated by comparing the kinetic parameters. The kinetic equation for the second stage can be expressed as dα/dt=Aexp(−E/RT)(1−α).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010142928608
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping the role of NAD metabolism inprevention and treatment of carcinogenesis (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 193 (1999), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: skin ; lung and breast cancer ; p53 expression ; cyclic ADP-ribose ; poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism ; niacin status
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Studies presented here show that cellular NAD, which we hypothesize to be the relevant biomarker of niacin status, is significantly lower in humans than in the commonly studied animal models of carcinogenesis. We show that nicotinamide and the resulting cellular NAD concentration modulate expression of the tumor suppressor protein, p53, in human breast, skin, and lung cells. Studies to determine the optimal NAD concentrations for responding to DNA damage in breast epithelial cells reveal that DNA damage appears to stimulate NAD biosynthesis and that recovery from DNA damage occurs several hours earlier in the presence of higher NAD or in cells undergoing active NAD biosynthesis. Finally, analyses of normal human skin tissue from individuals diagnosed with actinic keratoses or squamous cell carcinomas show that NAD content of the skin is inversely correlated with the malignant phenotype. Since NAD is important in modulating ADP-ribose polymer metabolism, cyclic ADP-ribose synthesis, and stress response proteins, such as p53, following DNA damage, understanding how NAD metabolism is regulated in the human has important implications in developing both prevention and treatment strategies in carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006960126369
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial Maintenance of Taurocholate Uptake by Adult Rat Hepatocytes Cultured in a Collagen Sandwich Configuration (1998)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 15 (1998), S. 1533-1539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: taurocholate transport ; Na+/taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp) ; hepatocyte culture ; collagen-sandwich configuration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. This study was designed to characterize taurocholate uptake properties in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes maintained under different matrix conditions. Methods. Hepatocytes isolated from male Wistar rats (230−280 g) were cultured on a simple collagen film, on a substratum of gelled collagen or between two layers of gelled collagen (sandwich configuration). Hepatocyte morphology, taurocholate uptake properties, and expression of the sinusoidal transport protein, Na+/taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp) were examined in these cultures at day 0 and day 5. Results. By day 5, monolayer integrity had deteriorated in simple collagen cultures. In contrast, cell morphology was preserved in hepatocytes maintained in a sandwich configuration. At day 5, taurocholate accumulation at 5 min in hepatocytes cultured on a simple collagen film, on a substratum of gelled collagen, and in a sandwich configuration was ∼13%, 20% and 35% of day-0 levels, respectively, and occurred predominately by a Na+-dependent mechanism. The initial taurocholate uptake rate vs. concentration (1-200 μM) profile was best described by a combined Michaelis-Menten and first-order function. In all cases, the estimated apparent Km values were comparable for day-0 and day-5 hepatocytes (32−41 μM). In contrast, the Vmax values of hepatocytes cultured on a simple collagen film, on gelled collagen and in a sandwich configuration were ∼5, 6 and 14% of the values at day 0, respectively; values for the first-order rate constant were 5-, 3- and 2-fold lower, respectively. Immunoblot analysis indicated that at day 5 Ntcp expression in hepatocytes cultured in a sandwich configuration was greater than in hepatocytes cultured on a simple collagen film. Conclusions. A collagen sandwich configuration reestablishes normal morphology and partially restores bile acid uptake properties in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011994831139
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of whole blood, plasma and nails as monitors for the dietary intake of selenium (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 236 (1998), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The measurement of dietary selenium intake in a free-living population using dietary recall techniques has been shown to be spurious. Consequently, in our laboratory, we have focused on the development of biologic monitors such as blood, nails, hair and urine. In this paper, we report on the neutron activation analysis of whole blood, plasma and nail specimens collected from 285 Caucasian subjects, all permanent residents of Hawaii, participating in a malignant melanoma trial. Correlations between monitors are presented and discussed in the context of selenium determinants and integration of selenium intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02386313
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of iodine in urine, using epithermal instrumental neutron activation analysis (EINAA), at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 195 (1995), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract There is currently great interest in iodine as a micro nutrient. Both high and low intakes have been associated with thyroid cancer incidence. Development of dietary iodine monitors is needed to supplement the use of dietary recall methods which have not been well validated for iodine. In this study, 30 pooled urine samples, from ethnic groups on various islands in the South Pacific, were analyzed for iodine using epithermal instrumental neutron activation analysis (EINAA).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036473
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of mumijo on the morphology and directional migration of fibroblastoid and epithelial cellsin vitro (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical chemistry journal 30 (1996), S. 337-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9031
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02333977
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