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Digitale Medien

Whole body analysis of the knockout gene mouse model for cystic fibrosis using thermal and fast neutron activation analysis (1998)

Mason, M. M. ; Morris, J. S. ; Derenzy, B. A. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 236 (1998), S. 107-112

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ISSN: 1588-2780

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik

Notizen: Abstract A genetically engineered “knockout gene” mouse model for human cystic fibrosis (CF) has been utilized to study bone mineralization. In CF, the so-called cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a chloride ion channel, is either absent or defective. To produce the animal model the murine CFTR gene has been inactivated producing CF symptoms in the homozygotic progeny. CF results in abnormal intestinal absorption of minerals and nutrients which presumably results in substandard bone mineralization. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using whole-body thermal and fast neutron activation analysis to determine mineral and trace-element differences between homozygote controls (+/+) and CF (−/−), murine siblings. Gender-matched juvenile +/+ and −/− litter mates were lyophilized and placed in a BN capsule to reduce thermal-neutron activation and irradiated for 10 seconds at φfast ≈ 1·1013 n·cm−2·s−1 using the MURR pneumatic-tube facility. Phosphorus was measured via the31P15(n,α)28Al13 reaction. After several days decay, the whole-body specimens were re-irradiated in the same facility, but without thermal-neutron shielding, for 5 seconds and the gamma-ray spectrum was recorded at two different decay periods allowing measurement of77mSe,24Na,27Mg,38Cl,42K,49Ca,56Mn,66Cu and80Br from the corresponding radiative-capture reactions.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02386326

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Whole body analysis of the knockout gene mouse model for cystic fibrosis using thermal and fast neutron activation analysis (1998)

Mason, M. M. ; Morris, J. S. ; Derenzy, B. A. ; [weitere]

Springer

In: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 1998; 236(1-2): 107-112. Published 1998 Oct 01. doi: 10.1007/bf02386326.

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Publikationsdatum: 1998-10-01

Print ISSN: 0236-5731

Digitale ISSN: 1588-2780

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik

Publiziert von Springer

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3

Digitale Medien

Buchbesprechungen (1971)

Courant, R. ; Waerden, B. L. ; Boschke, F. ; [weitere]

Springer

Naturwissenschaften 58 (1971), S. 579-584

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ISSN: 1432-1904

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00598746

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4

Digitale Medien

Practical experience and issues in designing and performing population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies (1996)

Aarons, L. ; Rowland, M. ; Balant, L. P. ; [weitere]

Springer

European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 251-254

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ISSN: 1432-1041

Schlagwort(e): Population pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacodynamics ; experimental design ; drug development ; clinical trials

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin

Notizen: Abstract An expert meeting to discuss issues relating to the design of population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies was held in Brussels in March 1995, under the auspices of the European Co-operation in Science and Technology (COST), Medicine (B1) programme. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the experts' experience in designing and performing population PK/PD studies. The topics discussed were current practice, logistical issues, ensuring the accuracy of data, covariate assessment, communication, and protocol design. The main conclusions from the meeting were: 1) a population PK/PD analysis should be one of the objectives of a clinical trial and should not compromise the other objectives; 2) it is particularly important to communicate the purpose of the population PK/PD analysis to the investigators and to convince them of the importance of accurately recording dosing and sampling times; 3) some prior knowledge of the PK and PD models and covariate relationships is necessary for the analysis of sparse phase III data; 4) computer simulation and optimal design measures may be useful in defining sampling times; 5) population methods and objectives must be specified as completely as possible in the protocol. Participants: L. Aarons (UK), L. Balant (Switzerland), P. Bechtel (France), R. Bruno (France), P. Burtin (Switzerland), C. Dubruc (France), E. Fuseau (UK), J. Gabrielsson (Sweden), U. Gundert-Remy (Germany), R. Jochemsen (France), M. Karlsson (Sweden), C. Laveille (France), I. Meineke (Germany), F. Mentré (France), P. Morselli (France), G. Paintaud (France), A. Racine-Poon (Switzerland), J. Rodriguez (Spain), F. Rombout (The Netherlands), M. Rowland (UK), J.-L. Steimer (Switzerland), A. Van Peer (Belgium), S. Vozeh (Switzerland), W. Weber (Germany), B. Wittke (Switzerland) The views expressed by the participants do not necessarily reflect those of the organizations they represent.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226323

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5

Digitale Medien

Practical experience and issues in designing and performing population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies (1996)

Aarons, L. ; Balant, L. P. ; Mentré, F. ; [weitere]

Springer

European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 251-254

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ISSN: 1432-1041

Schlagwort(e): Key words Population pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacodynamics; experimental design ; drug development ; clinical trials

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin

Notizen: Abstract An expert meeting to discuss issues relating to the design of population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies was held in Brussels in March 1995, under the auspices of the European Co-operation in Science and Technology (COST), Medicine (B1) programme. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the experts’ experience in designing and performing population PK/PD studies. The topics discussed were current practice, logistical issues, ensuring the accuracy of data, covariate assessment, communication, and protocol design. The main conclusions from the meeting were: 1) a population PK/PD analysis should be one of the objectives of a clinical trial and should not compromise the other objectives; 2) it is particularly important to communicate the purpose of the population PK/PD analysis to the investigators and to convince them of the importance of accurately recording dosing and sampling times; 3) some prior knowledge of the PK and PD models and covariate relationships is necessary for the analysis of sparse phase III data; 4) computer simulation and optimal design measures may be useful in defining sampling times; 5) population methods and objectives must be specified as completely as possible in the protocol.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226323

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6

Digitale Medien

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of the Zn(II) Complex with Norfloxacin in Static Air Atmosphere (1999)

Zhang, J. J. ; Ge, L. G. ; Zhang, X. L. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 58 (1999), S. 269-278

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ISSN: 1572-8943

Schlagwort(e): non-isothermal kinetics ; norfloxacin ; thermal decomposition ; Zn(II) complex

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The thermal decomposition of Zn[NFA]2⋅5H2O (NFA=C16H18FN3O3, norfloxacin) and its kinetics were studied under non-isothermal conditions in air by TG-DTG and DTA methods. The intermediate and residue for each decomposition were identified from the TG curve. The non-isothermal kinetic data were analyzed by means of the Achar method and the Madhusudanan-Krishnan-Ninan (MKN) method. The possible reaction mechanisms were investigated by comparing the kinetic parameters. The kinetic equation for the second stage can be expressed as dα/dt=Aexp(−E/RT)(1−α).

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010142928608

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7

Digitale Medien

Mapping the role of NAD metabolism inprevention and treatment of carcinogenesis (1999)

Jacobson, Elaine L. ; Shieh, W. Melissa ; Huang, Arnold C.

Springer

Molecular and cellular biochemistry 193 (1999), S. 69-74

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ISSN: 1573-4919

Schlagwort(e): skin ; lung and breast cancer ; p53 expression ; cyclic ADP-ribose ; poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism ; niacin status

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin

Notizen: Abstract Studies presented here show that cellular NAD, which we hypothesize to be the relevant biomarker of niacin status, is significantly lower in humans than in the commonly studied animal models of carcinogenesis. We show that nicotinamide and the resulting cellular NAD concentration modulate expression of the tumor suppressor protein, p53, in human breast, skin, and lung cells. Studies to determine the optimal NAD concentrations for responding to DNA damage in breast epithelial cells reveal that DNA damage appears to stimulate NAD biosynthesis and that recovery from DNA damage occurs several hours earlier in the presence of higher NAD or in cells undergoing active NAD biosynthesis. Finally, analyses of normal human skin tissue from individuals diagnosed with actinic keratoses or squamous cell carcinomas show that NAD content of the skin is inversely correlated with the malignant phenotype. Since NAD is important in modulating ADP-ribose polymer metabolism, cyclic ADP-ribose synthesis, and stress response proteins, such as p53, following DNA damage, understanding how NAD metabolism is regulated in the human has important implications in developing both prevention and treatment strategies in carcinogenesis.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006960126369

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8

Digitale Medien

Partial Maintenance of Taurocholate Uptake by Adult Rat Hepatocytes Cultured in a Collagen Sandwich Configuration (1998)

Liu, Xingrong ; Brouwer, Kim L. R. ; Gan, Liang-Sheng L. ; [weitere]

Springer

Pharmaceutical research 15 (1998), S. 1533-1539

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ISSN: 1573-904X

Schlagwort(e): taurocholate transport ; Na+/taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp) ; hepatocyte culture ; collagen-sandwich configuration

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Purpose. This study was designed to characterize taurocholate uptake properties in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes maintained under different matrix conditions. Methods. Hepatocytes isolated from male Wistar rats (230−280 g) were cultured on a simple collagen film, on a substratum of gelled collagen or between two layers of gelled collagen (sandwich configuration). Hepatocyte morphology, taurocholate uptake properties, and expression of the sinusoidal transport protein, Na+/taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp) were examined in these cultures at day 0 and day 5. Results. By day 5, monolayer integrity had deteriorated in simple collagen cultures. In contrast, cell morphology was preserved in hepatocytes maintained in a sandwich configuration. At day 5, taurocholate accumulation at 5 min in hepatocytes cultured on a simple collagen film, on a substratum of gelled collagen, and in a sandwich configuration was ∼13%, 20% and 35% of day-0 levels, respectively, and occurred predominately by a Na+-dependent mechanism. The initial taurocholate uptake rate vs. concentration (1-200 μM) profile was best described by a combined Michaelis-Menten and first-order function. In all cases, the estimated apparent Km values were comparable for day-0 and day-5 hepatocytes (32−41 μM). In contrast, the Vmax values of hepatocytes cultured on a simple collagen film, on gelled collagen and in a sandwich configuration were ∼5, 6 and 14% of the values at day 0, respectively; values for the first-order rate constant were 5-, 3- and 2-fold lower, respectively. Immunoblot analysis indicated that at day 5 Ntcp expression in hepatocytes cultured in a sandwich configuration was greater than in hepatocytes cultured on a simple collagen film. Conclusions. A collagen sandwich configuration reestablishes normal morphology and partially restores bile acid uptake properties in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011994831139

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9

Digitale Medien

Proceedings (1972)

Ajroldi, G. ; Pezzin, G. ; Astarita, G. ; [weitere]

Springer

Rheologica acta 11 (1972), S. 133-142

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ISSN: 1435-1528

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01992881

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10

Digitale Medien

Comparison of whole blood, plasma and nails as monitors for the dietary intake of selenium (1998)

Mason, M. M. ; Morris, J. S. ; Spate, V. L. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 236 (1998), S. 29-34

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ISSN: 1588-2780

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik

Notizen: Abstract The measurement of dietary selenium intake in a free-living population using dietary recall techniques has been shown to be spurious. Consequently, in our laboratory, we have focused on the development of biologic monitors such as blood, nails, hair and urine. In this paper, we report on the neutron activation analysis of whole blood, plasma and nail specimens collected from 285 Caucasian subjects, all permanent residents of Hawaii, participating in a malignant melanoma trial. Correlations between monitors are presented and discussed in the context of selenium determinants and integration of selenium intake.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02386313

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