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  • 1
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    Understanding processes of sediment bleaching in glacial settings using a portable OSL reader (2014)
    Wiley
    In: Boreas
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-03
    Description: Analysis of a high-resolution suite of modern glacial sediments from Jostedalen, southern Norway, using a portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) reader, provides insights into the processes of sediment bleaching in glacial environments at the catchment scale. High-magnitude, low-frequency processes result in the least effective sediment bleaching, whereas low-magnitude, high-frequency events provide greater bleaching opportunities. Changes in sediment bleaching can also be identified at the scale of individual bar features: tails of braid-bars and side-attached bar deposits have the lowest portable reader signal intensities, as well as the smallest conventional OSL residual doses. In addition to improving our understanding of the processes of sediment bleaching, portable reader investigations can also facilitate more rapid and comprehensive modern analogue investigations, which are commonly used to confirm that the OSL signals of modern glacial sediments are well bleached.
    Print ISSN: 0300-9483
    Electronic ISSN: 1502-3885
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Highly dynamic animal contact network and implications on disease transmission (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-27
    Description: Contact patterns among hosts are considered as one of the most critical factors contributing to unequal pathogen transmission. Consequently, networks have been widely applied in infectious disease modeling. However most studies assume static network structure due to lack of accurate observation and appropriate analytic tools. In this study we used high temporal and spatial resolution animal position data to construct a high-resolution contact network relevant to infectious disease transmission. The animal contact network aggregated at hourly level was highly variable and dynamic within and between days, for both network structure (network degree distribution) and individual rank of degree distribution in the network (degree order). We integrated network degree distribution and degree order heterogeneities with a commonly used contact-based, directly transmitted disease model to quantify the effect of these two sources of heterogeneity on the infectious disease dynamics. Four conditions were simulated based on the combination of these two heterogeneities. Simulation results indicated that disease dynamics and individual contribution to new infections varied substantially among these four conditions under both parameter settings. Changes in the contact network had a greater effect on disease dynamics for pathogens with smaller basic reproduction number (i.e. R0 〈 2). Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep04472
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Fault interactions and reactivation within a normal-fault network at Milne Point, Alaska (2014)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: A normal-fault network from Milne Point, Alaska, is investigated focusing on characterizing geometry, displacement, strain, and different fault interactions. The network, constrained from three-dimensional seismic reflection data, comprises two generations of faults: Cenozoic north-northeast–trending faults and Jurassic west-northwest–trending faults, which highly compartmentalize Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous reservoirs. The west-northwest–trending faults are influenced by a similarly oriented underlying structural grain. This influence is characterized by increases in throw on several faults, strain localization, reorientation of faults and an increase in linkage maturity. Reconstructing fault plane geometries and mapping spatial variations in throw identified key characteristic features in their interactions and reactivation of pre-existing structures. Faults are divided into isolated, abutting, and splaying faults. Isolated faults exhibit a range of displacement profiles depending on the degree of restriction at fault tips. Fault splays accommodate step-like decreases in throw along larger main faults with a throw maximum at the intersection with the main fault. Throw profiles of abutting faults are divided into two groups: early stage abutting faults with throw minima at both the isolated and abutting tips, and developed abutting faults with throw maxima near the abutting tip. Developed abutting faults accumulate throw after initial abutment, locally reactivating and transferring throw onto the pre-existing fault. Two abutting faults can link kinematically by reactivating a segment of the pre-existing fault forming a trailing fault. The motion sense of the trailing fault can be synthetic or antithetic to the reactivated pre-existing fault, producing increases or decreases in the throw of the pre-existing fault, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 0149-1423
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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  • 4
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    Aneuploidy confers quantitative proteome changes and phenotypic variation in budding yeast (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-22
    Description: Aneuploidy, referring here to genome contents characterized by abnormal numbers of chromosomes, has been associated with developmental defects, cancer and adaptive evolution in experimental organisms. However, it remains unresolved how aneuploidy impacts gene expression and whether aneuploidy could directly bring about phenotypic variation and improved fitness over that of euploid counterparts. Here we show, using quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics and phenotypic profiling, that levels of protein expression in aneuploid yeast strains largely scale with chromosome copy numbers, following the same trend as that observed for the transcriptome, and that aneuploidy confers diverse phenotypes. We designed a novel scheme to generate, through random meiotic segregation, 38 stable and fully isogenic aneuploid yeast strains with distinct karyotypes and genome contents between 1N and 3N without involving any genetic selection. Through quantitative growth assays under various conditions or in the presence of a panel of chemotherapeutic or antifungal drugs, we found that some aneuploid strains grew significantly better than euploid control strains under conditions suboptimal for the latter. These results provide strong evidence that aneuploidy directly affects gene expression at both the transcriptome and proteome levels and can generate significant phenotypic variation that could bring about fitness gains under diverse conditions. Our findings suggest that the fitness ranking between euploid and aneuploid cells is dependent on context and karyotype, providing the basis for the notion that aneuploidy can directly underlie phenotypic evolution and cellular adaptation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2978756/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2978756/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pavelka, Norman -- Rancati, Giulia -- Zhu, Jin -- Bradford, William D -- Saraf, Anita -- Florens, Laurence -- Sanderson, Brian W -- Hattem, Gaye L -- Li, Rong -- R01 GM059964/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059964-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM059964/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 11;468(7321):321-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09529. Epub 2010 Oct 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20962780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aneuploidy ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Chromosomes, Fungal/drug effects/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal/drug effects ; Genetic Fitness/drug effects/genetics ; Karyotyping ; Meiosis/drug effects/genetics ; *Phenotype ; Polyploidy ; Proteome/drug effects/*genetics ; Proteomics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/drug effects/*genetics/*metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Population growth: peak probability (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lutz, Wolfgang -- Butz, William -- K C, Samir -- Sanderson, Warren -- Scherbov, Sergei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):561. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6209.561-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. lutz@iiasa.ac.at. ; World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *Population Growth
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Temporal-spatial heterogeneity in animal-environment contact: Implications for the exposure and transmission of pathogens (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-02
    Description: Contact structure, a critical driver of infectious disease transmission, is not completely understood and characterized for environmentally transmitted pathogens. In this study, we assessed the effects of temporal and spatial heterogeneity in animal contact structures on the dynamics of environmentally transmitted pathogens. We used real-time animal position data to describe contact between animals and specific environmental areas used for feeding and watering calves. The generated contact structure varied across days and among animals. We integrated animal and environmental heterogeneity into an agent-based simulation model for Escherichia coli O157 environmental transmission in cattle to simulate four different scenarios with different environmental bacteria concentrations at different areas. The simulation results suggest heterogeneity in environmental contact structure among cattle influences pathogen prevalence and exposure associated with each environment. Our findings suggest that interventions that target environmental areas, even relatively small areas, with high bacterial concentration can result in effective mitigation of environmentally transmitted pathogens. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep03112
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Projected changes in hailstorms during the 21st century over the UK (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-28
    Description: ABSTRACT Hailstorms can pose a significant threat to society, by damaging property and disrupting livelihoods. An understanding of how hailstorm characteristics may change under a warming climate is therefore important for assessing the risk of hail damage for the insurance industry. A simple model of hailstone formation has been driven using meteorological data produced by a regional climate model (RCM) to project how hailstorm numbers and hailstone sizes could change during the 21st century in the UK. Evaluation of the modelled hailstone sizes, numbers and spatial distributions showed that they agreed reasonably well with observations. The effect of climate change on the numbers of damaging hailstorms in the UK (hailstones with diameters greater than 15 mm) was then investigated. A downward trend in the total number of damaging hailstorms during the 21st century was projected, with statistically significant trends for hailstones with diameters between 21 and 50 mm. Melting of hailstones made little contribution to the projected reductions. The results are subject to large uncertainties, some of which originate with the convective parameterization scheme used by the climate model.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    Population growth: Peak probability (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-30
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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  • 9
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    The quorum sensing protein LuxS: functional insights from structure (2002)
    International Union of Crystallography
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Print ISSN: 0108-7673
    Electronic ISSN: 2053-2733
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by International Union of Crystallography
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