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  • 2010-2014  (40)
  • 2000-2004  (15)
  • 1990-1994  (25)
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    The Vredefort impact structure, South Africa : the scientific evidence and a two-day excursion guide (2001)
    Pretoria : The Council for Geoscience
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 03.0624
    In: Memoir
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: v, 111 S.
    ISBN: 1919908102
    Series Statement: Memoir / Council for Geoscience, South Africa 92
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature on the food processing of three species of seaweed-eating fishes from European coastal waters (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 37 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Food consumption, gut transit times and assimilation efficiencies of the temperate fishes Lipophrys pholis and Parablennius sanguinolentus (Blenniidae) and Gobius cobitis (Gobiidae. when fed the green alga Ulva lactuca were determined at four temperatures in the laboratory. Food consumption increased and gut transit times decreased with increase in temperature in all three species. Assimilation efficiencies for algal carbon and nitrogen did not vary with temperature in G. cobitis. Carbon but not nitrogen assimilation efficiency varied with temperature in P. sanguinolentus, and both carbon and nitrogen assimilation efficiencies changed broadly with temperature in L. pholis, the most omnivorous of the three fishes. Assimilation efficiencies of all three species were generally within the previously reported ranges for herbivorous marine fishes. These species are thus clearly capable of extracting energy from algal food sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05855.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crustal wave propagation anomaly across the Pyrenean Range. Comparison between observations and numerical simulations (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 115 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Lg records analysis and numerical modelling of Lg propagation are used to find out to what extent this phase can be seen as a marker of unidentified structural anomalies in the crust. This study is based on Lg propagation through the Pyrenean range from earthquakes located in Spain.We have first evaluated the mean value of the S-wave quality factor for central Spain. We have computed simultaneously the seismic station responses and the source functions. The correction for propagation effects, assuming a homogeneous attenuation and the theoretical calculation of the Lg excitation, lead to the seismic moment of each event. The moment magnitude obtained correlates well with the magnitude proposed by the local networks. This gives a confirmation of the Q model in the low-frequency range (1-5 Hz). As we intended to compare traces of different Spanish earthquakes recorded in France at different epicentral distances, we had to make amplitudes independent of propagation and source effects. Therefore, we corrected the spectral amplitudes for geometrical spreading, anelastic attenuation and normalized them to equal seismic moment.We then plotted the records as a function of group velocity, in order to make up a fan profile along the Pyrenean axis. The resulting section reveals that in the central and the eastern parts of the range, neither the North Pyrenean Fault, nor the Moho jump deduced from seismic-refraction experiments and vertical seismics, seem to affect Lg propagation. However, there is an extinction of the Lg phase in the western part of the chain. The lateral extent of this area is correlated with a zone of positive gravity anomaly, probably linked to the presence of dense material of mantle origin. A numerical simulation in the low-frequency band indicates that the Moho topography inferred from deep seismic soundings does not explain the strength of the observed attenuation. Ray-tracing seismograms show that, at high frequency, the conclusion is the same. The attenuation effect due to lateral variation of structure should not be so strong. We, therefore, think that attenuation of guided waves is not due to large-scale geometry effects, but is due to local properties of the crustal materials, possibly apparent attenuation due to scattering on small-scale heterogeneities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01495.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinel–cordierite symplectites replacing andalusite: evidence for melt-assisted diapirism in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 22 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Spinel–cordierite symplectites partially replacing andalusite occur in metapelitic rocks within the cores of several country rock diapirs that have ascended into the upper levels of layered mafic/ultramafic rocks in the Bushveld Complex. We investigate the petrogenesis of these symplectites in one of these diapirs, the Phepane dome. Petrographic evidence indicates that at conditions immediately below the solidus the rocks were characterized by a cordierite-, biotite- and K-feldspar-rich matrix and 5–10 mm long andalusite porphyroblasts surrounded by biotite-rich fringes. Phase relations in the MnNCKFMASHT model system constrain the near-solidus prograde path to around 3 kbar and imply that andalusite persisted metastably into the sillimanite + melt field, where the fringing relationship between biotite and andalusite provided spatially restricted equilibrium domains with silica-deficient effective bulk compositions that focused suprasolidus reaction. MnNCKFMASHT pseudosections that model these compositional domains suggest that volatile phase-absent melting reactions consuming andalusite and biotite initially produced a moat of cordierite surrounding andalusite; reaction progressed until all quartz was consumed. Spinel is predicted to grow with cordierite at around 720 °C. Formation of the aluminous solid products was strongly controlled by the receding edge of andalusite grains, with symplectites forming at the andalusite-cordierite moat interface. Decompression due to melt-assisted diapiric rise of the floor rocks into the overlying mafic/ultramafic rocks occurred close to the thermal peak. Re-crossing of the solidus at P = 1.5–2 kbar, T 〉 700 °C resulted in preservation of the symplectites. Two features of the silica-deficient domains inhibited resorption of spinel. First, the cordierite moat armoured the symplectites from reaction with crystallizing melt in the outer part of the pseudomorphs. Second, an up-T step in the solidus at low-P, which may be in excess of 100 °C higher than the quartz-saturated solidus, resulted in high-T crystallization of melt on decompression. Even in metapelitic rocks where melt is retained, preservation of spinel is favoured by decompression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00531.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact-induced melting of Archean granulites in the Vredefort Dome, South Africa. I: anatexis of metapelitic granulites (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 20 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Mid-crustal Archean pelitic granulites in the Vredefort Dome experienced a static, low-P granulite facies overprint associated with the formation of the dome by meteorite impact at 2.02 Ga. Heating and exhumation were virtually instantaneous, with the main source of heat being provided by energy released from nonadiabatic decay of the impact shock wave. Maximum temperatures within a radius of a few kilometres of the centre of the structure exceeded 900 °C and locally even exceeded 1350 °C. This led to comprehensive melting of the precursor Archean granulite assemblages (Grt + Bt + Qtz + Pl + Ksp ± Crd ± Opx ± Sil) followed by peritectic crystallization of aluminous alkali feldspar+Crd + Spl ± Crn ± Sil parageneses and the segregation of small, evolved, biotite leucogranite bodies. However, at a distance of c. 6 km from the centre pre-impact rock features are largely preserved, although partial replacement of garnet by symplectitic coronas of Crd + Opx ± Spl ± Pl and biotite by orthopyroxene indicate that peak temperatures approached 775 ± 50 °C. Thin interstitial moats of K-feldspar are closely associated with the orthopyroxene coronas; they are interpreted as the remnants of low-proportion partial melts generated by biotite breakdown. Both the textures and mineral compositional data support reduced equilibration volumes in these rocks, which reflect rapid isobaric cooling following shock heating and exhumation. The high temperatures and strong lateral thermal gradient are consistent with the modelled impact-induced isotherm pattern for a 200–300 km diameter impact crater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0263-4929.2001.00358.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential, syndeformational porphyroblast growth during Hercynian low-pressure/high-temperature metamorphism in the Canigou massif, Pyrenees (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 10 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The sequence of growth of garnet, staurolite and aluminosilicate in Fe-rich metapelitic rocks from the Canigou massif, Pyrenees, is established using evidence of inclusion, reaction and pseudomorphing textures between the different minerals, compositional zoning patterns in garnet and staurolite (that can be related to the KFMASH reaction grid), and the geometric relations between inclusion trails in the porphyroblasts and the matrix microstructures. The evidence indicates that garnet and staurolite commenced growth before aluminosilicate in all cases, even where all three are in textural equilibrium. Interpretation of the reaction textures between the porphyroblasts and of the compositional zoning in garnet and staurolite in terms of the KFMASH reaction grid indicates the importance of continuous reactions in the development of these phases. Some garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts underwent renewed growth during breakdown, producing rims enriched in Mn and Zn respectively. The presence of aluminosilicate in these assemblages (i.e. the absence of a clear andalusite-absent zone in the field) is attributed to a strong pressure-dependence for the aluminosilicate-producing reactions. Porphyroblast-matrix microstructural relations indicate that Hercynian metamorphism in the massif was synchronous with the development of the regional subhorizontal foliation (S3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1992.tb00112.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of sand and light on predation of juvenile plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) by fishes and crustaceans (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 43 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rates of predation on 0-group plaice, Pleuronectes platessa. in aquaria were compared under four different combinations of conditions to test the hypothesis that the presence of sand in which they may bury affords a refuge from predators. The effect of light and darkness on predation rate was also examined, Two crustaceans, the shrimp, Crangon crangon, and the portunid crab, Liocarcinus holatus, and two fishes, cod, Gadus morhua, and pollack, Pollachius pollachius, were used as predators. Predaton rates were significantly higher in the dark for all predators except pollack. Predation rates in the absence of sand were signifcantly greater only for pollack. The results suggest that predation rates on plaice during their juvenile nursery stage on sandy beaches will be significantly greater during darkness than during the day. Burying in sand appears to provide only a partial refuge from predation, perhaps because natural predators have evolved effective methods of foraging for buried prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb01159.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between body size, sediment grain size and the burying ability of juvenile plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L. (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 40 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ability of juvenile plaice (18–190 mm) to bury in sands varying in grain size from 0.062–2 mm was examined. For fish greater than approximately 30 mm in length the relationship between the proportion of the body covered with sand (C), total length (L, mm) and grain size (S, mm) can be estimated from the equation: logit C= 3.250 + 0.069L– 6.771S. Based on their performance in coarser sediments, fish smaller than approximately 30 mm did not bury as well as expected in the finest sediments (0.062 and 0.125 mm).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02623.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relative profitability of particulate- and filter-feeding in the herring, Clupea harengus L. (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 40 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Analysis of laboratory video-recordings of herring feeding by biting and filtering on Calanus finmarchicus and three sizes of Artemia enabled the capture rates of the two methods to be estimated at different prey concentrations. At low concentrations the fish feed by selective capture of individual particles, but the capture rate achievable by this method is constrained by the maximum rate at which they can bite. Filter-feeding is not subject to this constraint because capture rate is directly proportional to prey concentration and above a critical prey concentration its capture rate exceeds that of biting. The possession of two feeding methods allows the fish to maximize prey intake over a wide range of concentrations and the phenomenon of switching between feeding methods can be explained by their relative profitabilities at different concentrations. The observation that less than 50% of fish are filtering when capture rates by the two methods are equal suggests that filtering is energetically more costly than biting. Estimates of the energy cost of filtering indicated that it may be from 1.4 to 4.6 times higher than that of biting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02607.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and density of populations of goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris) on the west coast of Scotland (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 43 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A field survey of populations of goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabms rupestris) was undertaken on selected areas of rocky coast of west Scotland. Observations by sub-aqua diving were used to determine distribution, habitat preference, and population density, and their seasonal variations. Availability of the preferred refuge type (crevices on rock faces, or between boulders, where two or more entrances exist) was essential in determining goldsinny presence. Goldsinny were not always present in areas or at depths where the influences of freshwater runoff (low temperatures and salinities) were likely, even if the preferred habitat type was available. In areas remote from these influences, and where there were suitable refuges, depth of water (0–44 m), macroalgal cover and high current speeds (2.1–3.6 ms−1) did not affect goldsinny distribution. Observed densities of goldsinny reached a peak in summer months with a maximum of 4.0 m−2 in areas of shallow boulder scree, but only 1.0 m−2 in shallow areas with little scree, or at deeper study sites. Numbers of goldsinny observed actively swimming decreased after October, with a rapid disappearance in November. A gradual reappearance was recorded in late April, and early May. Changes in activity may be influenced by both water temperature and photoperiod. Young-of-the-year goldsinny were first observed in August in shallow water (0–8 m) areas typified by rock/boulder scree and/or high macroalgal cover. Where adults also inhabited these nursery areas, 0+ fish could make up over 50% of the total population. After their first winter, juvenile goldsinny may migrate away from inshore sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb01185.x
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