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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (15)
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984  (15)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 3297-3302 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: An Oxidative Ether Cleavage with p-Nitroperbenzoic AcidThe reaction of p-nitroperbenzoic acid in chloroform with alkyl ethers (1a, 2a) leads by selective attack at C-H bonds in α-position to the ether oxygen to hemiacetals, which decompose to aldehydes and alcohols, yielding carboxylic acids. Secondary alkoxy groups as in 3a, 4a furnish Baeyer-Villiger oxidation products of initially formed ketones. Kinetic measurements with substituted benzyl methyl ethers show a Hammett reaction constant ρ = -0.9, which is in accordance with the observed relatively small discrimination between secondary and tertiary C-H bonds. The results are compared with similar hydroxylations of alkanes and with monooxygenase reactions and point to oxenoid transition states. Radical reactions as found with some alkanes are not observed, which is shown by the small amounts of nitrobenzene (≤10%) formed during the reaction. 13C-NMR shifts of several ethers and oxidation products are reported.
    Notes: p-Nitroperbenzoesäure reagiert mit Alkylethern (1a, 2a) in Chloroform selektiv an einer C-H-Bindung in α-Position zum Ethersauerstoff zu Halbacetalen, die in Aldehyde und Alkohole zerfallen. Diese ergeben dabei Carbonsäuren. Bei 3a, 4a mit sekundären Alkoxyresten entstehen über Ketone Folgeprodukte der Baeyer-Villiger-Oxidation. Kinetische Messungen mit substituierten Benzylmethylethern ergeben eine Hammett-Reaktionskonstante ρ = -0.9, welche in Einklang mit der beobachteten relativ geringen Differenzierung zwischen Angriff an sekundären und tertiären C-H-Bindungen steht. Die Ergebnisse werden mit entsprechenden Hydroxylierungen von Alkanen sowie mit Monooxygenasen-Reaktionen verglichen und sprechen für oxenoide Übergangszustände. Radikalisch verlaufende Reaktionen wie bei einigen Alkanen werden kaum beobachtet, wie die geringfügige Bildung von Nitrobenzol (≤10%) zeigt. 13C-NMR-Verschiebungen von verschiedenen Ethern und Oxidationsprodukten werden angegeben.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 3056-3074 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Regio- and Stereoselectivity of Radical Chlorination of Cycloalkanes with Different Halogen Carriers and Hos-Guest Complexes1)The reaction of trans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane (1) with (dichloroiodo)benzene (D), with most of the p-substituted D-derivatives, and with chlorine in carbon disulfide shows a regioselectivity of Rst = 10; reactions with o-substituted D-compounds or with D (R = H) in acetic acid or water show appreciable conversion, but lower selectivities of Rst = 5. Tertiary cyclohexyl radicals are chlorinated preferentially from the axial side with D (R = H); ortho-substituents in D, or replacement of CCl4 by CS2 or benzene lead to lower stereoselectivities. Chlorinations with iodophenyl derivatives, which are bound to a steriod matrix, exhibit no significant change in regioselectivity; the same is observed for reactions with chlorine in the presence of newly synthesized macrocyclic azacyclophane salts in water, although these form inclusion complexes with the hydrocarbons used and inhibit the hydrolysis of chlorides obtained from tetralin. α-Cyclodextrin, however, leads by selective complexation of 1 to selective chlorination of the primary C-H bonds. Syntheses and 13C NMR shifts of the azacyclophanes are described.
    Notes: Die Regioselektivität der Umsetzung von trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexan (1) mit (Dichloriod)benzol (D), den meisten p-substituierten D-Derivaten wie auch mit Chlor in Schwefelkohlenstoff ist z. B. durch Rst = 10 charakterisiert, während mit o-substituierten D-Verbindungen wie auch mit D (R = H) in Eisessig oder Wasser zwar ebenfalls genügend Umsatz, jedoch Rst = 5 beobachtet wird. Tertiäre Cyclohexyl-Radikale werden mit D (R = H) überwiegend von der axialen Seite chloriert; o-Substitution in D oder der Ersatz von CCl4 durch CS2 oder Benzol führt zur Herabsetzung der Stereoselektivität. Chlorierungen mit Iodphenylderivaten, welche an eine Steroidmatrix gebunden sind, ergeben keine signifikante Änderung der Regioselektivität, ebenso Reaktionen in Gegenwart von neu synthetisierten Azacyclophan-Salzen in Wasser, obwohl diese die verwendeten Kohlenwasserstoffe komplexieren und z. B. bei Tetralin die Hydrolyse der gebildeten Chloride weitgehend inhibieren. Dagegen läßt sich mit α-Cyclodextrin durch Komplexierung von 1 eine überwiegende Chlorierung an den primären C-H-Bindungen erreichen. Die Synthesen und 13C-NMR-Verschiebungen der Azacyclophane werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 18 (1982), S. 38-41 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C NMR shifts of trans- and cis-annelated bicyclo[4.3.0]nonanes with substituents R in position 8 (R = H, OH, Cl, Br) and 1-hydroxy derivatives were analysed on the basis of force field calculated torsional angles using Allinger's MM1 program. Shielding increments for the 6 membered ring agree with corresponding cyclohexane values within ± 0.8 ppm maximal deviation. 13C NMR line shape analysis with cis-hydrindane between 148 and 180 K yielded ΔH* = 37.0 ± 0.4 kJ mol-1 and ΔS* = 28 J mol-1 K-1 for the topomerization. The force field calculated reaction profile showed ΔH* = 37 kJ mol-1, in close agreement.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 22 (1984), S. 180-186 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Force field (MM2) calculations, 13C NMR substituent-induced shifts (SIS) and epimeric shift differences (ESD) indicate a preference for equatorial substituents in the 2-position, but equal eq/ax populations in the 1-position of tetralines. Similar conclusions are reached from Yb(fod)3-induced shifts, which are also used for signal assignments, e.g. in 1-tetralone. Configurational assignments are possible for 1,2- and 1,3-epimers (ESD up to 4 ppm) but, in line with the non-discriminating eq/ax conformations at C-I, not for 1,4-epimers (ESD〈0.5 ppm). More than 50 compounds were measured, including functional derivatives which show regular SIS for substituents in the aromatic moiety only for m- and p-carbon atoms. OMe, but not OH or OAc substituents, induce o-carbon SIS varying from -11 to -19 ppm. Conversion of 1-hydroxytetralin to esters induces shielding variations at the aromatic carbon atoms which indicate the electrostatic origin of derivatization shifts.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intrinsic temperature dependencies of 13C NMR shifts in alkanes bearing one polar C-α—X bond are determined with neopentyl and 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl derivatives as conformationally homogeneous model compounds. The increased shiedling for C-α at higher temperatures can be related to a C-α - X bond length increase and, for less polarizable C—X bonds, essentially to a decrease of solvent polarity on raising the temperature. The use of temperature dependent 13C shifts in conformationally mixed compounds for the determination of the equilibrium constants, K, is evaluated with n-propyl halides; the computer fit of the unknown conformer shifts and the conformational enthalphy difference, δH° to the time averaged shifts yields δH° values which, although converging rather broadly, are in general agreement with literature data. In compounds with higher conformational barriers, such as methoxy- and bromocyclohexane, low temperature signal integration yields accurate δG° values; inclusion of shifts above coalescence, however, yields unreliable δH° and δS° parameters. This can only partially be remedied by application of temperature shift corrections obtained from parent t-butylcyclohexyl compounds.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 16 (1981), S. 133-137 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C shifts are reported for diastereomers with halogen, oxygen and amino substituents which are mainly at vicinal chiral centres. The conformer populations underlying the 13C shift analysis can be verified by chemical means, such as change of temperature, solvent polarity (with dihalides), solvent hydrogen bonding capacity (with diols), deprotonation (with diacids) and by molecular mechanics calculations. The latter provide the basis for configurational and conformational assignments with a series of ephedrine derivatives. In accordance with the 13C shift observations, it is found that ephedrine derivatives predominate in conformations with a gauche O and N substituent arrangement, even in cases where hydrogen bonds are absent.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 21 (1983), S. 146-150 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C NMR spectra of indan derivatives bearing substituents in the 1, 2, 5 and 6 positions are reported and assigned by LIS measurements and other techniques. Epimeric indanes bearing vicinal oxygen and phenyl or benzyl substituents show ring carbon shielding in the cis relative to the trans isomers, which is compared with corresponding cyclopentane shifts, and indicates the predominance of envelope conformations with pseudoaxial oxygen substituents for the cis isomers. Acetylation shifts show consistently larger shielding at C-β for the trans compounds. Introduction of oxygen at C-5 leads to asymmetric shielding effects at the ortho carbon atoms as soon as there is a substituent in the para position which can participate in mesomeric forms.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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