Publication Date:
2015-08-13
Description:
Tropical mountains are hot spots of biodiversity and endemism, but the evolutionary origins of their unique biotas are poorly understood. In varying degrees, local and regional extinction, long-distance colonization, and local recruitment may all contribute to the exceptional character of these communities. Also, it is debated whether mountain endemics mostly originate from local lowland taxa, or from lineages that reach the mountain by long-range dispersal from cool localities elsewhere. Here we investigate the evolutionary routes to endemism by sampling an entire tropical mountain biota on the 4,095-metre-high Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, East Malaysia. We discover that most of its unique biodiversity is younger than the mountain itself (6 million years), and comprises a mix of immigrant pre-adapted lineages and descendants from local lowland ancestors, although substantial shifts from lower to higher vegetation zones in this latter group were rare. These insights could improve forecasts of the likelihood of extinction and 'evolutionary rescue' in montane biodiversity hot spots under climate change scenarios.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merckx, Vincent S F T -- Hendriks, Kasper P -- Beentjes, Kevin K -- Mennes, Constantijn B -- Becking, Leontine E -- Peijnenburg, Katja T C A -- Afendy, Aqilah -- Arumugam, Nivaarani -- de Boer, Hugo -- Biun, Alim -- Buang, Matsain M -- Chen, Ping-Ping -- Chung, Arthur Y C -- Dow, Rory -- Feijen, Frida A A -- Feijen, Hans -- Feijen-van Soest, Cobi -- Geml, Jozsef -- Geurts, Rene -- Gravendeel, Barbara -- Hovenkamp, Peter -- Imbun, Paul -- Ipor, Isa -- Janssens, Steven B -- Jocque, Merlijn -- Kappes, Heike -- Khoo, Eyen -- Koomen, Peter -- Lens, Frederic -- Majapun, Richard J -- Morgado, Luis N -- Neupane, Suman -- Nieser, Nico -- Pereira, Joan T -- Rahman, Homathevi -- Sabran, Suzana -- Sawang, Anati -- Schwallier, Rachel M -- Shim, Phyau-Soon -- Smit, Harry -- Sol, Nicolien -- Spait, Maipul -- Stech, Michael -- Stokvis, Frank -- Sugau, John B -- Suleiman, Monica -- Sumail, Sukaibin -- Thomas, Daniel C -- van Tol, Jan -- Tuh, Fred Y Y -- Yahya, Bakhtiar E -- Nais, Jamili -- Repin, Rimi -- Lakim, Maklarin -- Schilthuizen, Menno -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 20;524(7565):347-50. doi: 10.1038/nature14949. Epub 2015 Aug 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands. ; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands. ; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands. ; Wageningen University &Research centre, Marine Animal Ecology Group, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands. ; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, &Management, University of California Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. ; Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Locked bag No.100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia. ; Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway. ; Sabah Parks, Lot 45 &46, Level 1-5, Blok H, KK Times Square, 88806 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. ; Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, P.O. Box 1407, 90175 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. ; Wageningen University, Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 6700AP Wageningen, The Netherlands. ; University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands. ; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. ; Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium. ; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. ; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Biological Sciences, 195 University Avenue, Boyden Hall, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA. ; Zoological Institute, University of Cologne, Zulpicher Strasse 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. ; Natuurmuseum Fryslan, Schoenmakersperk 2, 8911 EM Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. ; EEB Department, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043, USA. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China. ; Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, 259569 Singapore, Republic of Singapore.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26266979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
*Altitude
;
Animal Migration
;
Animals
;
*Biota
;
Climate Change
;
DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic
;
Extinction, Biological
;
Introduced Species/*statistics & numerical data
;
Malaysia
;
Molecular Sequence Data
;
*Phylogeny
;
*Phylogeography
;
Plants/classification/genetics
;
Time Factors
;
*Tropical Climate
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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