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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Print ISSN: 1557-1939
    Electronic ISSN: 1557-1947
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 25 (1980), S. 325-329 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1981), S. 489-495 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 183-185 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The in vitro labeled RNAs in the accessory glands from male adults, and in the salivary glands and fat body from developing larvae ofDrosophila melanogaster were separated on linear gradient acrylamide gels in formamide. The patterns appear to be tissue- and stage-specific, and several lines of evidence indicate that the visualized radioactive bands include both hnRNA and messages.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 1283-1292 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experiments designed to analyze the lethality and hybridogenesis in the European green frog complex have yielded the following results: 1. As a rule the inter-se cross ofRana esculenta is lethal, but several crosses have produced fully viable progeny. The frequency of such ‘break-through’ crosses appears to be related to parental population structure. 2. Parabiotic joining of lethal to viable embryos indicates that manifestation of the lethal effect is autonomous. There is, however, a 16–18% increase in the life span of the lethal partner. 3. Studies of LDH isozyme patterns revealed that thelessonae-specific alleles coding for the Ba and Bc subunits can be passed to the F1 progeny from a parental female or male of theesculenta phenotype. This demonstrates that there is no total elimination of thelessonae genome in theesculenta germ cells. 4. Immunologically, offspring from the inter-se cross ofR. esculenta show a closer relationship to theridibunda than to theesculenta phenotype. Variations of antigenic protein patterns suggest the possibility of chromosomal recombination betweenlessonae andridibunda in theesculenta hybrid. These results are confirmed by two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of proteins in the oocytes of the three frog phenotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 1145-1155 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Acoustical properties of solids ; Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics and physical effects of sound ; Transduction, devices for the generation and reproduction of sound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Un sistema interferometrico laser a spostamento è stato adattato per misurare gli spostamenti meccanici di campioni di materiali piezoelettrici e ferroelettrici trascinati da campi elettrici ciclici. Si trova che possono esistere risonanze meccaniche di ampiezza abbastanza grande indipendentemente da qualsiasi apprezzabile disturbo elettrico. Le si riscontra anche in campioni vergini e depolarizzati di ceramiche ferroelettriche. Le prime prove sperimentali suggeriscono che questo fenomeno dipende nella struttura a domìni dei materiali ferroelettrici.
    Abstract: Резюме Смещние лазерной интерферометрической системьи бьило приспособ-пено для измерения меанических смещений образцов пяезоэлектрических и ферроэлектрических материалов, вьизванньих циклическими электрическими полями. Обнаружено, что мэханические резонансьо с довольно большми амплитудами могут существоать независимо для любьих заметньих электрических возмушений. Эти резонансьи также обнаруженьи в образцах феррозлектрической кереники. Предварительньие экспериментальньие результатьи свипетельствуют, что это явление зависит от домэмами струкурьи ферроэлектричэскик матэроалпв.
    Notes: Summary A displacement laser interferometer system has been adapted to measure the mechanical displacements of specimens of piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials driven by cyclic electric fields. It is found that mechanical resonances of quite large amplitudes can exist independent of any noticeable electrical disturbances. They are also detected in virgin and depoled specimens of ferroelectric ceramics. Preliminary experimental evidence suggests that this phenomenon depends on the domain structure of the ferroelectric materials.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 4 (1984), S. 280-292 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Anelasticity ; internal friction ; and mechanical resonances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Un nuovo fenomeno di accoppiamento elettromeccanico è stato determinato nella ceramica elettroottica PLZT 7/65/35 con l’aiuto di un sistema interferometro-laser a raggio doppio. Specificamente, quando si applica un voltaggio d.c. a piccola ampiezza attraverso un campione vergine di materiale, il campione deflette nella direzione opposta alla direzione positiva del voltaggio con nessuno sforzo assiale misurato associato. L’osservazione resta valida quando è innescata la polarità del voltaggio. Quando si applicano voltaggi a.c., i comportamenti vibrazionali e il senso degli spostamenti meccanici dipendono dagli intervalli di frequenza dei voltaggi applicati. In particolare, essi cambiano quando il campione passa attraverso quelle specifiche risonanze meccanichesolo con anelli nodali e non attraverso quelle con anelli nodalie diametri nodali.
    Abstract: Резюме Обнаружено новое явление электромеханической связи в злектрооптической керамике PLZT 7/65/35 с помощью двухлучевой лазерной интерферомет-рической системы. Когда небольшое постоянное напряжение подается на исходный образец материала, то образец будет изгибаться в направлении противоположном положительному направлению напряжения, что сопровождается неизмеримым аксиальным напряжением. Явление по-прежнему имеет место, если полярность приложенного напряжения изменяется. Когда прикладывается переменное напряжение, то колебания образца и направление механических смещений зависят от области частот приложенных напряжений. В частности, они изменяются, когда образец проходит через определнные механические резонансы.
    Notes: Summary A new electromechanical-coupling phenomenon has been detected in the electro-optic ceramic PLZT7/65/35 with the aid of a dual-beam laser-interferometer system. Specifically, when a low-amplitude d.c. voltage is applied across a virgin specimen of the material, the specimen will deflect in the direction opposite to the positive direction of the voltage with no measurable accompanying axial strain. The observation remains valid when the polarity of the voltage is switched. When a.c. voltages are applied, the vibrational patterns and the sense of the mechanical displacements depend on the frequency ranges of the applied voltages. In particular, they change when the specimen goes through those specific mechanical resonances with nodal ringsonly, and not those with nodal ringsand nodal diameters.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 38 (1981), S. 209-218 
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die mechanischen, piezoelektrischen und dielektrischen Eigenschaften ferroelektrischer Keramiken können ziemlich kompliziert sein. Diese Materialien zeigen sowohl instantane als auch vorübergehende Antworten, die von verschiedenen physikalischen Mechanismen wie Dipoldynamik und Bereichsumschaltung abhängen. Daher sind die Werkstoffgleichungen für die Spannung und die elektrische Verschiebung, die formuliert wurden, recht kompliziert und ihre Beschreibung kann ziemlich verwickelt sein. Diese Werkstoffgleichungen müssen auch die Gleichgewichtsantworten der Keramiken beschreiben, wenn vorübergehende Prozesse zum Stillstand kommen. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, daß bei kenntnis der Schallgeschwindigkeiten einer ursprüglichen und einer gepolten Abart einer ferroelektrischen Keramik und bestimmter, damit verbundener Eigenschaften der Hysterese und Schmetterlingsschleifen eine Beschreibung ihrer Gleichgewichtsmaterialeigenschaften in der polaren Richtung im Einklang mit einer expliziten Version der Werkstoffgleichungen für die Spannung und die elektrische Verschiebung möglich ist.
    Notes: Summary The mechanical, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of ferroelectric ceramics can be quite complicated. These materials exhibit both instantaneous and transient responses depending on various physical mechanisms such as dipole dynamics and domain switching. Hence the constitutive relations for the stress and the electric displacement which have been formulated are quite complicated and their characterization can be rather intricate. These constitutive relations must also describe the equilibrium responses of the ceramics when the transient processes have come to rest. In the paper, we show that knowledge of the sound speeds of a virgin and a poled specimen of a ferroelectric ceramic and certain associated properties of the hysteresis and butterfly loops permits the characterization of its equilibrium material properties in the polar direction consistent with an explicit version of the constitutive relations for the stress and the electric displacement.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 41 (1981), S. 255-264 
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Werkstoffgleichungen und Geschwindigkeitsgesetze wie von Chen und Peercy in [1] vorgestellt, wurden erfolgreich zur Beschreibung der eindimensionalen, polaren mechanischen und dielektrischen Reaktionen der elektrooptischen Keramik PLZT 7/65/35 in einem langsam veränderlichen, zyklischen elektrischen Feld eingesetzt. Insbesondere wurden die Wirkungen der Bereichsumschaltung untersucht und die mit den Schmetterlings- und Hystereseschliefen verbundenen Ergebnisse berechnet. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen den numerischen und den experimentellen Ergebnissen ist zufriedenstellend.
    Notes: Summary The constitutive relations and rate laws proposed by Chen and Peercy [1] have been successfully implemented in describing the one dimensional polar mechanical and dielectric responses of the electrooptic ceramic PLZT 7/65/35 to a slowly varying cyclic electric field. In particular, we examine the consequences of domain switching and determine the results associated with the butterfly and hysteresis loops. The agreement between the numerical and the experimental results is quite good.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 51 (1984), S. 217-226 
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this paper, we examine certain characteristics of two electrically excitable mechanical resonances exhibited by two different specimens of the ferroelectric ceramic PZT 65/35. In particular, we determine the phase angle between the charge and the driving voltage, the current in the circuit, the amplitude of the mechanical displacement, and the electrical power dissipated in driving the specimens at each of these resonances for increasing amplitude of the driving voltage. It is shown that the phase angle, the current and the power dissipated have similar characteristics for the two resonances; but their mechanical displacements have entirely disparate features. In one case the amplitude increases more than linearly with respect to the driving voltage, whereas the contrary is true in the other case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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