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  • 1
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    The crush of new earth science data knocking at our door (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The reasons for collecting massive amounts of earth science data in the Earth Observing System (EOS) Project are discussed. A processing hierarchy for handling the data is described, and the prospects for adequate throughput and storage for operational data analysis in the EOS era are addressed. Needs for successful exploratory data analysis are examined, and the policy issues implicated by the large stream of EOS data are considered.
    Keywords: COMPUTER SYSTEMS
    Type: Renewable Resources Journal (ISSN 0738-6532); 8-13
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    A multi-wavelength study of the long-period AM Her system E2003+225. I - The soft X-ray light curve and overall energy spectrum (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: X-ray, UV and optical data are presented of the longest period AM Her object, E2003+225, from October 12, 1983, together with a new linear polarization ephemeris. The optical and X-ray data were obtained simultaneously and the UV observations were carried out on the same day. A 6-hr observation with the Exosat 500 line/mm objective grating restricts soft X-ray blackbody temperatures to the range 18-29 eV. The blackbody luminosity exceeds the hard X-ray luminosity by at least a factor of 4.5, but is of the same order as the optical/UV component. Soft (0.1-0.25 keV) and hard X-ray (1-6 keV) light curves covering almost two orbital periods are presented and discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices (ISSN 0035-8711); 221; 823-838
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  • 3
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    Long-term temporal variability of Cygnus X-2 (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Observations of the low-mass binary X-ray source Cyg X-2 taken over a five-year period using instruments on OSO 8, HEAO 1, and Einstein are presented. Irregular changes in intensity of up to 60 percent on time scales ranging from minutes to days are seen. The source appears to have long-term low-luminosity states during which dips lasting about three days occur. When these long dips occur, they always appear at the same phase in the optically determined 9.8-day orbital period. There are three distinct types of short-term dips distinguished by differing correlations between spectral hardness and intensity.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 329; 276-289
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  • 4
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    X-ray spectroscopy of the ultrasoft transient 4U 1543 - 47 (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The X-ray transient 4U 1543 - 47 was observed in August 1983 by the Exosat observatory near the maximum of an outburst. The X-ray spectrum was measured using a gas scintillation proportional counter (GSPC) and a transmission grating spectrometer (TGS). A broad (FWHM about 2.7 keV) line at 5.9 keV is detected in the GSPC, which is interpreted as a redshifted and broadened iron K-alpha line. The line broadening and redshift may arise from either Compton scattering in a cool plasma with small optical depth and/or from Droppler and relativistic effects in the vicinity of compact object. The spectrum below 2 keV, obtained with the TGS, shows evidence for a broad emission feature at 0.74 keV, which may be an iron L-transition complex. However, such an emission feature could be an artifact caused by an anomalously low interstellar absorption by neutral oxygen. The contimuum emission is extremely soft and is well described by an unsaturated Comptonized spectrum from very cool plasma (kT = 0.84 keV) with large scattering depth.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 344; 320-324
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  • 5
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    Artificial intelligence costs, benefits, and risks for selected spacecraft ground system automation scenarios (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In response to a number of high-level strategy studies in the early 1980s, expert systems and artificial intelligence (AI/ES) efforts for spacecraft ground systems have proliferated in the past several years primarily as individual small to medium scale applications. It is useful to stop and assess the impact of this technology in view of lessons learned to date, and hopefully, to determine if the overall strategies of some of the earlier studies both are being followed and still seem relevant. To achieve that end four idealized ground system automation scenarios and their attendant AI architecture are postulated and benefits, risks, and lessons learned are examined and compared. These architectures encompass: (1) no AI (baseline); (2) standalone expert systems; (3) standardized, reusable knowledge base management systems (KBMS); and (4) a futuristic unattended automation scenario. The resulting artificial intelligence lessons learned, benefits, and risks for spacecraft ground system automation scenarios are described.
    Keywords: GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES (SPACE)
    Type: Telematics and Informatics (ISSN 0736-5853); 5; 3, 19; 163-177
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  • 6
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    Coping with all the earth science data (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A report on the NASA-sponsored Earth Science and Applications Data Systems (ESADS) Workshop is presented. The ESADS report is reviewed and the task groups of the workshop are listed. The program set up to implement the recommendations of the workshop is discussed. The priorities of the ESADS committee recommendations include the development of standards and guidelines for data and metadata exchange, the creation of interoperable catalogs and directories, the development of guidelines for ancillary data archives, development of standard user interfaces, providing greater bandwidth in the user environment, collecting information about data storage technologies, and providing improved network connectivity.
    Keywords: GEOSCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: EOS (ISSN 0096-3941); 69; 609
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  • 7
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    Artificial intelligence costs, benefits, risks for selected spacecraft ground system automation scenarios (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: In response to a number of high-level strategy studies in the early 1980s, expert systems and artificial intelligence (AI/ES) efforts for spacecraft ground systems have proliferated in the past several years primarily as individual small to medium scale applications. It is useful to stop and assess the impact of this technology in view of lessons learned to date, and hopefully, to determine if the overall strategies of some of the earlier studies both are being followed and still seem relevant. To achieve that end four idealized ground system automation scenarios and their attendant AI architecture are postulated and benefits, risks, and lessons learned are examined and compared. These architectures encompass: (1) no AI (baseline), (2) standalone expert systems, (3) standardized, reusable knowledge base management systems (KBMS), and (4) a futuristic unattended automation scenario. The resulting artificial intelligence lessons learned, benefits, and risks for spacecraft ground system automation scenarios are described.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: The 1988 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence; p 17-31
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    The Evolution of CO2 on Mars (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-08
    Description: The consequences of the hypothesis that the evolution of CO2 is directly linked to the occurrence of at least transitory pockets of moisture were exposed. The current conditions preclude the existence of open bodies of liquid water and the formation of moisture in disequilibrium is not excluded by any known constraints. The water evaporation rate is inversely proportional to PCO2, and the existence of a limiting value (P*) for which liquid water can form in the Mars environment is postulated. The evolution of PCO2 is controlled largely by relatively rapid aqueous chemistry forming carbon-containing sedimentary rocks, perhaps during early history in open water, but more recently in transitory pockets of moisture in the soil. Once the total atmospheric pressure is reduced to near P*, the occurrence of transitory moisture is inhibited, and atmospheric CO2 is no longer depleted by an efficient mechanism. The role of the carbonate reservoir in the current overall carbon budget on Mars, according to this scheme, is illustrated.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. and Geophys. Program; p 232-234
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  • 9
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    Cratering and obliteration history of the south polar region of Mars (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Results are presented from a comprehensive analysis of crater size frequency distributions compiled from Viking Orbiter images of Martian south polar terrains. Depositional histories for the various terrain units are modelled based on deviations of cumulative crater size frequency plots from an assumed production function. Stratigraphic and morphologic data obtained from visual examination of Viking images are also used, primarily to corroborate inferences concerning ages and obliteration histories derived from the crater data.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1986; p 418-419
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Soft X-ray emission lines from low-mass X-ray binaries. I - Collision-dominated models (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The soft X-ray line emission from five low-mass X-ray binaries observed by the Einstein Observatory (HEAO 2) Objective Grating Spectrometer is examined. Observed spectra are fitted to model spectra consisting of emission from an optically thin plasma. Fits are performed using a variety of different assumptions for elemental abundances, heating and ionization mechanisms, and the distribution of gas temperature and ionization parameter. The results are discussed in the context of current models for the accretion flow in low-mass X-ray binaries.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 345; 498-504
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