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  • Chemistry  (3,608)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (778)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (713)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (641)
  • Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems  (407)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (372)
  • 2015-2019  (812)
  • 1985-1989  (4,216)
  • 1955-1959  (525)
  • 1930-1934  (325)
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  • 1
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    Properties of Rubble-Pile Asteroid (101955) Bennu from OSIRIS-REx Imaging and Thermal Analysis (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Establishing the abundance and physical properties of regolith and boulders on asteroids is crucial for understanding the formation and degradation mechanisms at work on their surfaces. Using images and thermal data from NASA's Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft, we show that asteroid (101955) Bennu's surface is globally rough, dense with boulders, and low in albedo. The number of boulders is surprising given Bennu's moderate thermal inertia, suggesting that simple models linking thermal inertia to particle size do not adequately capture the complexity relating these properties. At the same time, we find evidence for a wide range of particle sizes with distinct albedo characteristics. Our findings imply that ages of Bennu's surface particles span from the disruption of the asteroid's parent body (boulders) to recent in situ production (micrometre-scale particles).
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN67770 , Nature Astronomy (e-ISSN 2397-3366); 3; 341–351
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    OSIRIS-REx Contamination Control Strategy and Implementation (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: OSIRIS-REx will return pristine samples of carbonaceous asteroid Bennu. This manuscript describes how pristine was defined based on expectations of Bennu and on a realistic understanding of what is achievable with a constrained schedule and budget, and how that definition flowed to requirements and implementation. To return a pristine sample, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft sampling hardware was maintained at Level 100 A/2 and less than 180 nanograms per square centimeter of amino acids and hydrazine on the sampler head through precision cleaning, control of materials, and vigilance. Contamination is further characterized via witness material exposed to the spacecraft assembly and testing environment as well as in space. This characterization provided knowledge of the expected background and will be used in conjunction with archived spacecraft components for comparison with the samples when they are delivered to Earth for analysis. Most of all, the cleanliness of the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft was achieved through communication between scientists, engineers, managers, and technicians.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN41800 , International Conference on the Origin of Life; Jul 16, 2018 - Jul 21, 2018; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    OSIRIS-REx Contamination Control Strategy and Implementation (2017)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: OSIRIS-REx will return pristine samples of carbonaceous asteroid Bennu. This article describes how pristine was defined based on expectations of Bennu and on a realistic understanding of what is achievable with a constrained schedule and budget, and how that definition flowed to requirements and implementation. To return a pristine sample, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft sampling hardware was maintained at level 100 A/2 and less than 180 ng/cm(exp 2) of amino acids and hydrazine on the sampler head through precision cleaning, control of materials, and vigilance. Contamination is further characterized via witness material exposed to the spacecraft assembly and testing environment as well as in space. This characterization provided knowledge of the expected background and will be used in conjunction with archived spacecraft components for comparison with the samples when they are delivered to Earth for analysis. Most of all, the cleanliness of the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft was achieved through communication among scientists, engineers, managers, and technicians.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN50790 , Space Science Review (ISSN 0038-6308) (e-ISSN 1572-9672); 214; 1; 19
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic investigation of polyamidohydrazide solutions (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 36 (1985), S. 624-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Unter Hernziehung unterschiedlicher Präparationsmethoden wurde die Struktur verdünnter und konzentrierter (0,01 bis 9,8%) Lösungen des starkettigen Polyamidohydrazid (PAH) mittels Elektronenmikroskopie in zwei Lösungsmitteln (DMSO und DMAA) untersucht. Beginnend mit der Konzentration 0,01% erfolgt unterschiedliche Strukturierung in diesen Lösungsmitteln, die bezüglich des Polymers eine unterschiedliche Güte aufweisen. Die Ergebnisse wurden früheren Untersuchungen zur Rheologie konzentrierter PAH-Lösungen in den genannten Lösungsmitteln gegenüber gestellt.
    Notes: The structure of dilute and concentrated solutions (0.01-9.8%) of rigid-chain polyamidohydrazide (PAH) in dimethylsulphoxide and dimethylacetamide was investigated by electron microscopy using various preparation techniques. Starting with a 0.01% concentration, PAH shows two distinct types of structuration in the solvents. The results are compared with previously studied rheological properties of PAH in these solvents.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1985.010361110
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  • 5
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    Episodes of Particle Ejection from the Surface of the Active Asteroid (101955) Bennu (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-04
    Description: Active asteroids are those that show evidence of ongoing mass loss. We report repeated instances of particle ejection from the surface of (101955) Bennu, demonstrating that it is an active asteroid. The ejection events were imaged by the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and SecurityRegolith Explorer) spacecraft. For the three largest observed events, we estimated the ejected particle velocities and sizes, event times, source regions, and energies. We also determined the trajectories and photometric properties of several gravitationally bound particles that orbited temporarily in the Bennu environment. We consider multiple hypotheses for the mechanisms that lead to particle ejection for the largest events, including rotational disruption, electrostatic lofting, ice sublimation, phyllosilicate dehydration, meteoroid impacts, thermal stress fracturing, and secondary impacts.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN76455 , Science (ISSN 0036-8075) (e-ISSN 1095-9203); 366; 6470; eaay3544
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Spectral Characterization of Analog Samples in Anticipation of OSIRIS-REx's Arrival at Bennu (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA's Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission successfully launched on September 8th, 2016. During its rendezvous with near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu beginning in 2018, OSIRIS-REx will characterize the asteroid's physical, mineralogical, and chemical properties in an effort to globally map the properties of Bennu, a primitive carbonaceous asteroid, and choose a sampling location [e.g. 1]. In preparation for these observations, we spectrally characterized a suite of analog samples across visible, near- and thermal-infrared wavelengths and used these in initial tests of phase detection and abundance determination software algorithms. Here we present the thermal infrared laboratory measurements of the analog sample suite measured under asteroidlike conditions, which are relevant to the interpretation of spectroscopic observations by the OSIRIS-REx Thermal Emission Spectrometer (OTES) [2, 3]. This suite of laboratory measurements of asteroid analogs under asteroid-like conditions is the first of their kind.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-38849 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 20, 2017 - Mar 24, 2017; The Woodlands, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies in suspension culture (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 993-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Monoclonal antibodies are being manufactured for clinical trials in suspension culture at the 1300-L scale. Suspension culture offers some advantages relative to high-density mammalian cell culture methods; in particular, the ability to closely monitor the behavior of cells in a homogeneous environment. Computer control and on-line mass spectrography of exit gases provide instantaneous information about the culture metabolic activity. Air sparging and agitation by marine impeller provide aeration sufficient to maintain a constant dissolved oxygen tension at cell concentrations up to 5.0 × 106 cells/mL without causing apparent cell damage.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320807
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microfibril-generating factor from the cellulase of Trichoderma reesei (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A combination of ionic strength reduction and diafiltration of Trichoderma reesei cellulate complex through a hollow fiber apparatus of 5000 molecular weight (MW) cutoff and subsequent passage of filtrate over a Spherogel-TSK 3000-SW column provided extracts that had the ability to generate microfibrils in filter paper and to disrupt filter paper and corn leaf tissue. Milligram quantities of material obtained from these extracts released small amounts of soluble carbohydrate from filter paper, required ferric iron for increased activity, and contained amino acids. Short fiber formation and disruption of filter paper during interaction with these extracts was enhanced by prior acid treatment and eliminated by prior base treatment. The amount of soluble carbohydrate hydrolyzed in 24 h from filter paper by whole cellulase complex was not changed by first disrupting the substrate with the extracts.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of metastasis-associated cell surface glycoproteins and mRNA in a murine large cell lymphoma (1986)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 31 (1986), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: tumor metastasis ; gene expression ; oncogenes ; virus antigens ; glycoproteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A metastatic variant cell subline of the Abelson virus-transformed murine large lymphoma/lymphosarcoma RAW 117 has been selected in vivo ten times for liver colonization. Highly metastatic subline RAW117-H10 forms greater than 200 times as many gross surface liver tumor nodules as the parental line RAW117-P. Analysis of cellular proteins and glycoproteins indicates reduced expression of murine Moloney leukemia virus-associated p15, p30, and gp70, and increased expression of a sialoglycoprotein, gp150, in the highly metastatic H10 cells. Northern analyses of oncogene expression suggested that mRNA of various oncogenes was expressed equally or not expressed in the RAW117 cells of differing metastatic potential. Differential gene expression was examined using a cDNA library of 17,600 clones established from poly A+ mRNA isolated from H10 cells. The cDNA library was screened by the colony hybridization technique using probes made from both RAW117-P and -H10 cells. Approximately 99.5% of these cDNA clones were expressed identically in P and H10 cells. Of the few differentially expressed cDNA clones (approx. 150/17,600), one-half of these were identified as Moloney leukemia virus sequences in a separate probing with a radiolabeled Moloney leukemia virus probe. The remainder of the differentially expressed mRNA detected by colony hybridization of the cDNA library were expressed at higher levels (approx. 1/6) or lower levels (approx. 1/3) in the highly metastatic H10 cells.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240310408
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical fiber chemical sensors utilizing dye-doped silicone polymer claddings (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1215-1218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Transparent dimethyl siloxane network polymers with refractive indices near 1.40 may be applied to fused silica fibers (n = 1.458) as they are drawn to produce plastic-clad silica (PCS) optical fibers. The evanescent tail of the light energy propagating in the core of such fibers extends into the silicone cladding, where it interacts with chemical species present in the polymer. If the silicone is doped with a dye, the absorption spectrum or fluorescence spectrum of the dye is reflected in the transmission spectrum of the fiber. Further, if the dye changes its absorption spectrum or fluorescence spectrum as a result of diffusion of a chemical species into the silicone, the change is detectable in the fiber output. The polymer material properties which determine the performance of these sensors are described, along with examples of sensors for ammonia and oxygen which utilize either color changing or fluorescent dyes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291715
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