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  • Chemistry  (70)
  • AEROSPACE MEDICINE  (7)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (45)
  • 1975-1979  (29)
  • 1950-1954  (2)
  • 1890-1899  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synthesis of monomers that expand on polymerization. Synthesis and polymerization of 8,10,19,20-tetraoxatrispiro[5.2.2.5.2.2]heneicosane (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 3231-3235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Spiroorthocarbonat, 8,10,19,20-Tetraoxatrispiro[5.2.2.5.2.2]heneicosan (1), welches zwei Cyclohexylgruppen enthält, wurde dargestellt. Das Monomere wurde mittels eines kationischen Katalysators wie Bortrifluoridätherat oder Zinn(IV)-chlorid polymerisiert. Die Struktur des Polymeren wurde mit Hilfe der IR und NMR Spektren bestimmt; es sind Copolymere mit alternierenden Äther- und Carbonatverknüpfungen. Das Monomere 1 expandiert bei der Polymerisation.
    Notes: A spiro orthocarbonate containing two cyclohexyl groups, 8,10,19,20-tetraoxatrispiro[5.2.2.5.2.2]heneicosane (1), was prepared. The monomer was polymerized with Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride etherate or stannic chloride as catalysts. The IR and NMR spectra indicated that the polymer was an alternating copolymer with ether and carbonate linkages. This monomer underwent expansion on polymerization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021771111
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free radical ring-opening polymerization (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 13 (1985), S. 171-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Since unstrained five- or six-membered carbocyclic systems normally undergo free radical ring-closing polymerizations, only highly strained cyclic monomers had been shown to undergo free radical ring-opening polymerization. However, since a carbon-oxygen double bond is some 50 kcal more stable than a carbon-carbon double bond, it has been found that a variety of four- to sevenmembered heterocyclic monomers will undergo extensive free radical ring opening polymerization. Among the monomers, that have been shown to undergo such ring opening on polymerization, can be included cyclic ketene acetals, cyclic ketene aminals, cyclic vinyl ethers, unsaturated spiro ortho carbonates, and unsaturated spiro ortho esters. These monomers will also undergo copolymerization with a wide variety of vinyl monomers with the introduction into the backbone of the resulting addition polymer of an ester, amide, keto or carbonate group. Such introduction will make possible the synthesis of functionally terminated oligomers, biodegradable addition polymers, polymers with enhanced thermal stability, and monomers that expand on free radical polymerization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.020131985113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the polymerization mechanism of 4′-methylenespiro[2-benzofuran-2,2′-(1,3-dioxolane)] (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 1651-1658 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The propagation reaction of 4′-methylenespiro[2-benzofuran-2,2′-(1,3-dioxolane)] (2), initiated by a free radical initiator, was studied by analysis of the polymer structure and by kinetic investigation. The results indicate that the polymer has the structure of poly [methylene-spiro[2-benzofuran-2,2′-(1,3-dioxolane)]-4′-ylidene-co-(2-oxotrimethylene)] (10). A reasonable propagation mechanism is proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021880712
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of monomers expanding on polymerization. Synthesis and polymerization of 3-methylene-1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 2897-2903 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein Spiro-orthocarbonat, das eine Doppelbindung enthält [3-Methylen-1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecan (2)], wurde aus 2-Methylen-1,3-propandiol dargestellt. Die Struktur von 2 wurde elementaranalytisch sowie IR und NMR-spektroskopisch bestätigt. Das Monomer 2 wurde mittels eines kationischen Katalysators, Bortrifluoridätherat oder Zinntetrachlorid, polymerisiert. Aus den IR und NMR Spektren des Polymers geht hervor, daß es sich um ein alternierendes Copolymer mit Äther- und Carbonat-Bindungen handelt, das außerdem eine doppelt gebundene Seitengruppe enthält (Struktur 8). Das Monomer 2 erfährt eine Ausdehnung während der Polymerisation.
    Notes: A spiro ortho carbonate containing a double bond, 3-methylene-1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro-[5.5]undecane (2) was prepared from 2-methylene-1,3-propanediol. The structure of the monomer was confirmed by its elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectra. The monomer was polymerized with Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride etherate and stannic chloride (tin tetrachloride) as catalysts. The IR and NMR spectra indicated that the polymer has the structure of an alternating copolymer containing ether and carbonate linkages with a pendant double bond (structure 8).Monomer 2 underwent expansion on polymerization.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1975.021761011
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and polymerization of 2-phenyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and polymerization of 2-butyl-7-methylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro(4,4)nonane (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 2737-2747 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Butyl-7-methylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro(4,4)nonane (7) was prepared by the reaction of 2-(bromomethyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran with 1,2-epoxyhexane, followed by dehydrobromination. Compound 7 could be polymerized by free radical initiators to give a viscous polymer. The IR and NMR spectra of the polymers indicated that the polymer structure contained ester and ketone units in the backbone, and a cyclic acetal side chain. Compound 7 readily copolymerized with acrylonitrile in the presence and absence of radical initiators, but did not copolymerize well with styrene. Ultraviolet spectra suggest that the spontaneous polymerization proceeds via a chargetransfer complex between 7 as an electron donor and AN as an electron acceptor.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080261010
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation kinetics in salt-induced protein precipitation (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1779-1790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of protein aggregation in salt-induced precipitation processes were studied as a function of salt type, salt concentration, temperature and protein concentration. α-chymotrypsin (αCT) was used as a model protein. Stopped-flow turbidimetry was used to monitor the progress of precipitations. Analysis of the linear portions of the turbidity trajectories indicates that temperature and salt concentration effects are related to protein solubility; the protein concentration dependence is well described by the Smoluchowski collision equation. The aggregation kinetics of partially-inhibited αCT exhibit poisoning behavior, underscoring the importance of dimerization and monomer addition in the precipitation of αCT. Solute particle radius distributions determined via dynamic laser light scattering for low salt and supernatant αCT solutions indicated that significant aggregation does not occur in the absence of supersaturation. A detailed population balance model was proposed that accounted for specific and nonspecific interactions and monomer addition. The model is expected to find general application to protein aggregation phenomena, in particular for proteins that have specific quaternary interactions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of enzymes on activated carbon: Selection and preparation of the carbon support (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 461-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based upon its superior catalytic activity for H2O2 decomposition, a bituminous coal-based activated carbon was selected for investigations of pretreatment and enzyme immobilization methods. Pretreatments considered include acid washing, exposure to strong oxidizing agents, contact with concentrated peroxide solutions, nitration and amination, isothiocyanate derivatization, silanization, and stearic acid coating. Effects of these pretreatments on morphology and trace-metal content of the carbon pellets have been studied using scanning electron microscopy and dispersive analysis of x rays. Immobilization of glucoamylase by adsorption, glutaraldehyde crosslinking, and covalent attachment to carbon activated by water-soluble diimide or diazotization have been examined. These different enzyme-carbon catalysts have been characterized by their enzyme loading, enzyme activity, catalytic activity for H2O2 decomposition, or combinations of these measures of performance.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme immobilization on activated carbon: Alleviation of enzyme deactivation by hydrogen peroxide (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 769-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260190514
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of purification reactions for minimizing reaction-generated enzyme poisoniong (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 1249-1265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model has been employed to examine the interplay of reaction and mass transfer in immobilized enzyme systems involving reaction-generated enzyme poisons. Deactivation rates can be significantly reduced in some cases by catalyzing a purification reaction in which the poison is transformed into an innocuous substance. This conclusion is illustrated experimentally for reaction-generated H2O2 in a continuous-flow stirred slurry reactor containing glucose oxidase immobilized on activated carbon.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200810
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