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  • Springer  (156)
  • 1990-1994  (156)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of hyaluronan in various muscular tissues (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) ; Hyaluronic acid-binding protein ; Microwave-fixation ; Immunohistocytochemistry ; Striated muscle ; Smooth muscle ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The histochemical distribution of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HYA) was analysed in various types of muscles in the rat by use of a hyaluronan-binding protein (HABP) and the avidin-biotin/peroxidase complex staining procedure. Microwave-aided fixation was used to retain the extracellular location of the glycosaminoglycan. In skeletal muscles, HYA was detected in the connective tissue sheath surrounding the muscles (epimysium), in the septa subdividing the muscle fibre bundles (perimysium) and in the connective tissue surrounding each muscle fibre (endomysium). HYA was heterogeneously distributed in all striated muscles. In skeletal muscles with small fibre dimensions (e.g., the lateral rectus muscle of the eye and the middle ear muscles), HYA was predominantly accumulated around the individual muscle fibres. Perivascular and perineural connective tissue formations were distinctly HYA-positive. In cardiac muscles, HYA was randomly distributed around the branching and interconnecting muscle fibres. In comparison, smooth muscle tissue was devoid of HYA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318761
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  • 2
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    Localization of hyaluronan in various muscular tissues (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desiccation leads to the rapid accumulation of both cytosolic and chloroplastic proteins in the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 189 (1993), S. 120-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Chloroplast protein ; Desication-related polypeptide ; Resurrection plant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A number of desiccation-related and abscisic-acid (ABA)-inducible transcripts have been isolated from the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum (Scrophulariaceae). They have been analysed at the transcriptional level (D. Bartels et al., 1990, Planta 181, 27–34) and their nucleotide sequences determined (D. Piatkowski et al., 1990, Plant Physiol. 94, 1682–1688). Three such genes encoded polypeptides with substantial homologies to proteins abundantly expressed during late embryogenesis in many higher plants; two other genes encoded novel transcripts. The temporal expression patterns of these gene products and their distribution in different organs of the plant and in callus tissues have now been analysed immunologically. For this, in-situ RNA hybridizations and immunocytochemical studies using tissue sections were carried out at both the light and electron microscope level. All of the products were found to be present in leaf tissue, and some were also found in roots and in seeds. Three desiccation-related proteins were localized in the cytosol, while two others, one associated with the thylakoid membranes, the other soluble in the stroma, were detected in the chloroplast. In C. plantagineum the severe ultrastructural changes observed during the desiccation-rehydration process indicate the need for protectants: the gene products characterized in this publication may be good candidates for this role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201352
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resource use by an introduced and native carrion flies (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 99 (1994), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Calliphoridae ; Sarcophagidae ; Biological invasion ; Resource partitioning ; Solenopsis invicta predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The carrion fly Chrysomya rufifacies has recently been introduced to North America. Larvae of this species are facultative predators on other carrion larvae, and are known to reduce populations of the New World fly Cochliomyia macellaria in the laboratory and in certain field situations. In order to identify conditions under which native taxa might avoid interaction with the invader, we examined broad patterns of resource use by capturing postfeeding larvae as they left a carcass. The Calliphorinae were least similar to C. rufifacies since they were able to exploit smaller carrion, showed a peak in density during cold weather while C. rufifacies numbers were low, and occurred much earlier than the invader during succession within a carcass. Phormia regina also was most abundant during cold weather. The Sarcophagidae were able to exploit smaller carcasses than the invader but are likely to encounter it in larger carcasses. C. macellaria was the species most similar to C. rufifacies in carrion use, and probably is reduced in number by the invader wherever they coexist. In contrast to all other taxa, C. rufifacies exited a carcass alone, suggesting that other larvae of the same age were attacked. Manipulation of a conspicuous predator, the ant Solenopsis invicta, revealed a negative effect on numbers of P. regina and C. macellaria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317099
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic rates of midwater crustaceans as a function of depth of occurrence off the Hawaiian Islands: Food availability as a selective factor? (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 110 (1991), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During July of 1983, 1986, and 1987, we measured rates of oxygen consumption of 234 individuals of 17 species of midwater crustaceans (orders Decapoda, Mysidacea, and Euphausiacea) off the Hawaiian islands at depths from the surface to greater than 1200 m. The routine metabolic rates declined with increasing depths of the species' occurrence to an extent greater than could be accounted for by depth-related changes in body size or water temperature. Most species appeared able to regulate their oxygen consumption down to the lowest oxygen partial pressures found in their depth range (20 mm Hg O2), but did not regulate to such low oxygen partial pressures as did similar midwater crustaceans off California, where oxygen levels reach as low as 6 mm Hg. Metabolic rates of the shallower-living, but not the deepest-living Hawaiian crustaceans were significantly higher than those of Californian crustaceans. This is interpreted as indicating that the metabolic rates of midwater crustaceans are not adapted specifically to differing levels of primary production and that the decline with depth of metabolic rates in these species is not the result of food limitation at depth. The data are, however, consistent with the hypothesis that lower metabolic rates at depth are due to the relaxation of selection pressures relating to visual predation near the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313094
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Codon usage patterns among genes for lepidopteran hemolymph proteins (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 38 (1994), S. 476-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Codon usage bias ; Hemolymph proteins ; Manduca sexta ; Bombyx mori
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Patterns in codon usage were examined for the coding regions of the 23 known lepidopteran hemolymph proteins. Coding triplets are GC rich at the third position and a significant linear relationship between GC content of silent and nonsilent (replacement) sites was demonstrated. Intron GC content was significantly lower than in coding regions and no relationship between intron GC content and the same at silent and nonsilent sites was found. Though hemolymph proteins are all produced by the same tissue—fat body—significantly less bias was observed when all moth sequences were pooled than when sequences of the two major species were analyzed separately, as predicted by the genome hypothesis. In cases where no statistically significant bias was observed, polar or acidic basic amino acids were almost exclusively involved. Calculation of codon adaptation indices (CAI) was of limited value in quantifying the degree of codon bias and probably reflects the complexity of multicellular-organism life cycles and the changing patterns of gene expression over different developmental stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178847
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postural dynamics in the standing human (1990)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 62 (1990), S. 309-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model of the linkage dynamics in up-right standing, and to use this model to study output principles for postural control. The standing human was modelled in the sagittal plane as a three-segment linkage. Mechanical disturbances were simulated as forces which could be applied at various points in this linkage. An iterative approach was used to find joint torque combinations which would restore balance within 80ms of these mechanical disturbances. The model predicted that a specific proportional relationship was necessary between the hip, knee and ankle torques in order for balance to be restored. This proportional relationship was shown to be a function of the model structure, but independent of the location, direction and amplitude of the disturbance. These predictions were tested experimentally. A disturbance apparatus was designed to apply an impulsive force to the subjects. The joint torque responses of the subjects were in quantitative agreement with the predictions of the model. The results suggest that a fixed relationship between joint torques may be required to restore balance, and this fixed relationship may make the task of postural control simpler for the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201445
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cephalopod heart: The evolution of a high-performance invertebrate pump (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 800-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Cephalopod evolution ; cardiac performance ; scaling of hearts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cephalopods typically have high metabolic rates. They have blood in which the oxygen carrier is haemocyanin, a pigment that is found only in solution and which never seems to be present in concentrations that will transport more than 4–5 vols % of oxygen. Their hearts must in consequence have very high cardiac outputs. In this account the performance of the heart ofNautilus, the only surviving ectocochleate, is contrasted with the performance of the hearts of coleoids,Octopus which has a relatively low metabolic rate (for a coleoid) and squids which have very high oxygen uptakes by any standards. In all these animals, heartbeat frequency is temperature-dependent and the additional oxygen demand in exercise is met very largely by a 2–3-fold increase in stroke volume. With the exception ofNautilus, cephalopods tend to utilise nearly all of the oxygen transported in the blood even at rest; they show very limited factorial scopes. Specific power output has, however, increased dramatically from 2.7 mWg−1 in an activeNautilus to 5.5 mWg−1 inOctopus and up to 20 or 30 mWg−1 in species ofLoligo. The increase is almost entirely due to a 10-fold increase in heartbeat frequency. It is argued that frequency cannot be used as a means of responding to extra demand in an animal that must also carry automatic compensation for changes in metabolic rate dependent upon the ambient temperature, and that the use of frequency in some squid may be associated with a reduced temperature tolerance. Cephalopod systemic hearts do not scale directly with body mass, like the hearts of fish and the higher vertebrates. Smaller cephalopods have relatively larger hearts (as Mass0.9). A typical 100-g coleoid would have a heart mass of 0.15 g. Oegopsid squids appear to be exceptional with hearts twice as large.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02118412
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracing neurons with a kinesin-β-galactosidase fusion protein (1993)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 202 (1993), S. 112-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Axon guidance ; Drosophila ; Enhancer trap ; Kinesin-lacZ ; Neural development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have analyzed the development of neuronal projections inDrosophila by fusing the gene encodingDrosophila kinesin, a microtubule-associated motor protein, toEscherichia coli lacZ, and employing the resulting chimeric protein as a reporter molecule for labelling cells by the “enhancer-trap” method. Expression of kinesin-β-galactosidase in neurons has afforded a detailed view of the morphologies and projections of neurons. The images of cells provided by this method will facilitate anatomical and genetic investigations of theDrosophila nervous system as well as other cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00636536
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The endogenous metabolism ofFibrobacter succinogenes and its relationship to cellobiose transport, viability and cellulose digestion (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 471-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 digested ballmilled cellulose at a rapid rate (0.10 h−1), but there was a long lag time if the culture was not transferred daily. WhenF. succinogenes was starved for 100h, a large fraction of the cells (〉30%) still bound to cellulose, but the lag time was 150h. The lag time was similar for either cellulose- or cellobiose-grown inocula, and lag times were highly correlated (r 2 = 0.91) with a decrease in viable cell number. The number of viable cells declined from 108 to 106 in the first 30h of starvation, and by 72h the viable cell number was less than 103/ml. Cells growing exponentially on cellobiose had a large pool of polysaccharide, and continuous culture experiments indicated that polysaccharide accumulation was not significantly influenced by the growth rate of the culture (approximately 0.7 mg polysaccharide mg−1 protein). When the cellobiose was depleted, cellular polysaccharide decreased at first order rate of 0.09 h−1. The rate of endogenous metabolism was initially 0.08mg polysaccharide mg−1 protein h−1, and there was little decline in viability until the rate of endogenous metabolism was less than 0.01 mg polysaccharide mg−1 protein h−1. When the rate was less than 0.01 mg polysaccharide mg−1 protein h−1, the cells could not maintain a sodium gradient, transport cellobiose or grow. The endogenous metabolic rate needed for cell survival was 20 fold less than the maintenance energy of cells growing in continuous culture (0.01 versus 0.232mg carbohydrate mg−1 protein h−1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982538
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