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  • 2015-2019  (65)
  • 1995-1999  (160)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic force microscope for operation in high magnetic fields at millikelvin temperatures (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 114-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report on the design and performance of an atomic force microscope which operates at temperatures down to 20 mK and in magnetic fields up to 9 T. The scan range at low temperatures is 4 μm×4 μm. The instrument features a piezoelectric linear motor for vertical coarse approach, and a horizontal sample translation stage with a 2 mm×2 mm range. A fiber interferometer is used to detect the force-sensing cantilever displacement. The performance demonstrated includes the ability to detect single atomic steps on a graphite surface at 4.2 K and the ability to locate and image nanometer scale electronic devices at millikelvin temperatures. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149551
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tunneling conduction in Co-cluster/tetraoctylammonium bromide/poly(phenyl-p-phenylenevinylene) nanocomposites (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 7130-7136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A system of nanometer sized cobalt clusters surrounded by dielectric shells has been investigated by electrical dc conductivity measurements. The cobalt clusters have a diameter of 36 A(ring) and are surrounded by an approximately 12-A(ring)-thick layer of tetra-octyl-ammonium bromide surfactant molecules and poly(phenyl-p-phenylenevinylene). The conductivity σ shows a temperature dependence ln(σ)∝(T0/T)1/2 in the range 100〈T〈240 K. At T(approximately-greater-than)240 K, the temperature dependence of the conductivity demonstrates some peculiarities. Differential scanning analysis suggests that at 240〈T〈350 K phase transitions of the composite material take place. The observed temperature dependence of the conductivity σ for T〈240 K is typical for hopping conduction in granular metallic systems. A theoretical analysis shows that the data are consistent with a hopping model in which the separation between grains is a random variable uncorrelated with the activation energy. The observed nonlinear dependence of the conductivity on the electric field F is interpreted in the framework of the concept of the effective temperature, which suggests that the influence of T and F on σ can be parameterized by a single quantity Teff(T,F). Comparison between the theoretical results and experimental data provides a suitable expression for Teff(T,F). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360420
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultralow-temperature atomic force microscopy for the investigation of mesoscopic systems (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 993-995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed an atomic force microscope for the study of mesoscopic samples. The microscope operates at milliKelvin temperatures and in high magnetic fields. Sample images are presented showing atomic steps at 4.2 K and a mesoscopic ring at 30 mK in a 9 T field. Deflection of the force-sensing cantilever is detected via an optical fiber interferometer operating at very low power levels. The microscope is well suited to surface imaging simultaneous with transport measurements at ultralow temperatures, and to the in situ manipulation of sample properties. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120618
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical growth of superparamagnetic cobalt clusters (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 2520-2527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The magnetization of stabilized cobalt colloids in tetrahydrofuran has been studied by a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and magnetic balance measurements in dependence of applied magnetic field and temperature. The colloids are generated by a newly developed electrochemical method which allows one to generate clusters containing about 1000 atoms with a narrow size distribution. The final size distribution of the clusters is examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and small angle x-ray scattering. The magnetization curves have been determined with special emphasis on changes at the freezing point of the solution. The curves of the liquid phase can be reasonably described by the Langevin function and the magnetic moments of isolated cobalt clusters that have been recently measured by Stern–Gerlach experiments. Deviations that appear at the freezing point can be understood in terms of magnetic anisotropy effects. It is shown that the cluster sizes and the susceptibilities of the dispersions are related. Therefore the growth of the clusters during the electrolysis can be directly observed by measuring the susceptibility in dependence of the charge transport in the cell. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469673
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose response of weeds to methyl iodide and methyl bromide (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 37 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Labonuory bioassay and field experiments were conducted to characterize the dose response of weeds to methyl iodide and methyl bromide as soil fumigants. The patterns in potency of both fumigants and in sensitivity of diffcretit weed species to the fumigants were distinguished with the use of logistic dose-response models. Similar to its response to methyl hromide fumigation. Amaranthus retrofleus L. was the most sensitive to methyl iodide fumigation. Cyperus rotundtis L. was the least sensitive to methyl iodide fumigation, whereas Portuloca oleracea L. was the least sensitive to methyl hromide. Lolium multiflorum Lam. Abutilon theophrasti Medik.Chenopodium album L. P. ateracea. Brassica kaber (D.C.) L.C. Wheeler and Cyperus escuden-tus L. were similar in sensitivity to methyl iodide. Methyl iodide was as potent as methyl bromide for A. retroflexus but more potent than methyl bromide for L. multiflorum, A. theophrasti. C. album. P. oleracea. B. kaber, C. esculentus and C. rotundus. The dose response for weeds in the field was similar to that obtained in laboratory bioassays. Under fieid conditions. 280 kg ha-1 methyl iodide killed all species tested except Solanum nigrum L Methyl iodide appears to be a suitable replacement for meihyl bromide because it can be used in situations simitar to methyl bromide fumigation, has superior efficacy against a broad spectrum of pests and has a low potential for degrading the earth's ozone lavers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.1997.d01-15.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in Functional Neuroanatomical Connectivity in Alzheimer's Disease (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 777 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Conscious recall of past events which have specific temporal and spatial contexts, termed episodic memory, is mediated by a system of interrelated brain regions. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) this system breaks down, resulting in an inability to recall events from the immediate past. Studies of normal human auditory-verbal short-term memory suggest that the brain system underlying these processes has distinct components, and the present study utilized the methods of functional brain mapping to determine the nature and extent of the breakdown that occurs in AD. Using subtraction techniques of PET-acquired images of regional cerebral blood flow we demonstrate that AD patients show a compensatory hyperactivation of various regions of cerebral cortex normally involved in these tasks, as well as activation of cortical areas not activated by normal elderly subjects. These results provide clear evidence of functional plasticity in the AD patient's brain even if those changes do not result in normal memory function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34425.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical behaviour of three- to nine-membered cyclic polysilanes (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 517-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: Cyclic polysilanes ; cyclic siloxanes ; electrochemical oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical behaviour of cyclic polysilanes, namely, hexamesitylcyclotrisilane (Mes2Si)3 (I), 1,2,3,4-tetra-tert-butyltetramethyl-cyclotetrasilane [t-Bu(Me)Si]4 (II), decaethylcyclopentasilane (Et2Si)5 (III), decapropylcyclopentasilane (Pr2Si)5 (IV), dodecamethylcyclohexasilane (Me2Si)6 (V), tetradecaethylcycloheptasilane (Et2Si)7 (VI), hexadecamethylcyclooctasilane (Me2Si)8 (VII) and octadecamethylcyclononasilane (Me2Si)9 (VIII), have been studied by cyclic voltammetry and preparative scale electrolysis. The effects of electrolyte, ring size and nature of substitutes both on oxidation peak potential and upon reactivity as well as style of product are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003221312636
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the neutron electric form factor in the D(e,e′n)p reaction and the influence of nuclear binding (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 5 (1999), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 25.30.Fj Nuclear Reactions: Inelastic electron scattering to continuum – 14.20.Dh Properties of Specific Particles: Protons and neutrons – 13.40.Gp Electromagnetic form factors – 25.10.+s Nuclear reactions involving few–nucleon systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The electric form factor of the neutron G E,n has been determined at the Mainz Microtron MAMI at the low momentum transfer Q 2= 0.15 (GeV/c)2 in a measurement of the recoil polarisation ratio P x/Pz in the quasifree reaction D(e,e′n)p. At this Q 2 the influence of the nuclear binding is strong. A purely kinematical model is used to get some insight into the effect of the initial Fermi momentum distribution of the neutron. The influence of the final state interaction is determined quantitatively by a model of Arenhövel et al.. After the corresponding corrections a value of G E,n(0.15 (GeV/c)2) = 0.0481±0.0065stat±0.0053syst is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050268
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confirmation of the superdeformed band in192Pb (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 352 (1995), S. 239-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Re ; 23.20.Lv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High-spin states in192Pb were populated via the reaction173Yb(24Mg,5n) at a beam energy of 140 MeV, and the resultingγ-rays were deteced using GAMMASPHERE. A previously observed superdeformed band in192Pb has been confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01289493
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of semiconducting materials by high-resolution radiofrequency glow discharge mass spectrometry (1997)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 125 (1997), S. 41-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: radiofrequency glow discharge ; mass spectrometry ; energy distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The analytical capabilities of a high-resolution mass spectrometer in combination with a 13.56 MHz glow discharge ion source for the analysis of semiconducting materials (silicon carbide and gallium arsenide) were studied. It was shown that single positively charged ions of sample material have about 10 eV higher average energy than the ions of the discharge and residual gas. Therefore effective energy separation of the ions of analyte from the ions of the discharge and residual gas was achieved by adjusting the ion transfer optics (breadth and position of energy slit), which improves the analytical capabilities of the developed method. Some analytical applications are presented to illustrate the performance of r.f. GDMS for the bulk analysis of semiconducting materials. The results of the trace element analysis of gallium arsenide and silicon carbide samples are compared with data of independent methods (LIMS, ICP-AES, SIMS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01246160
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