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  • LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)  (6)
  • Embryogenesis  (2)
  • antifeedant  (2)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1975-1979  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural and neurophysiological responses ofSpodoptera littoralis to azadirachtin and a range of synthetic analogues (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 77 (1995), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: azadirachtin ; azadirachtin analogues ; Spodoptera littoralis ; antifeedant ; behaviour ; electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The antifeedant activity of azadirachtin and 56 azadirachtin analogues, including 22,23-dihydroazalirachtin, against larvae ofSpodoptera littoralis was investigated using behavioural and electrophysiological bioassays. None of the analogues was as active as azadirachtin, although many showed significant antifeedant activity at high concentrations. The majority of the analogues stimulated a dose-dependent response from a neurone in the medial styloconic maxillary sensilla which correlated with the behavioural activity. Methylation of the hydroxy substitutions on the azadirachtin molecule usually resulted in a decrease in antifeedant activity, as did the addition of bulky groups to the dihydrofuran ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383020
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of preprophase bands of microtubules in the induction of microspore embryogenesis of Brassica napus (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 208 (1999), S. 383-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Brassica (microspore embryogenesis) ; Cell wall ; Embryogenesis ; Microspore (division symmetry) ; Microtubule ; Preprophase band
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Microspores of Brassica napus L. cv. Topas, undergo embryogenesis when cultured at 32.5 °C for the first 18–24 h and then at 25 °C. The first division in heat-treated microspores is a symmetric division in contrast to the asymmetric division found after the first pollen mitosis in-planta or in microspores cultured continuously at 25 °C. This asymmetric division is unique in higher plants as it results in daughter cells separated by a non-consolidated wall. The cytoskeleton has an important role in such morphological changes. We examined microtubule (MT) organization during the first 24 h of heat induction in the embryogenic B. napus cv. Topas and the non-embryogenic B. napus breeding line 0025. Preprophase bands (PPBs) of MTs appeared in cv. Topas microspores in late uninucleate microspores and in prophase figures after 4–8 h of heat treatment. However, more than 60% of the PPBs were not continuous bands. In contrast, PPBs were never observed in pollen mitosis; MT strands radiated from the surface of the nuclear envelope throughout microspore maturation to the end of prophase of pollen mitosis I, during in-planta development and in microspores cultured at 25 °C. Following 24 h of heat treatment, over 95% of the microspores appeared to have divided symmetrically as indicated by the similar size of the daughter nuclei, but only 7–16% of the microspores eventually formed embryos. Discontinuous walls were observed in more than 50% of the divisions and it is probable that the discontinuous PPBs gave rise to such wall abnormalities which may then obstruct embryo development. Preprophase bands were not formed in heat-treated microspores of the non-embryogenic line 0025 and the ensuing divisions showed discontinuous walls. It is concluded that the appearance of PPBs in heat-induced microspores marks sporophytic development and that continuous PPBs are required for cell wall consolidation and embryogenesis. It follows that induced structures with two equally condensed nuclei, do not necessarily denote symmetric divisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050573
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular changes during heat shock induction and embryo development of cultured microspores ofBrassica napus cv. Topas (1995)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 185 (1995), S. 106-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Embryogenesis ; Heat shock ; Induction ; Microspore embryogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Brassica napus cv. Topas microspores, isolated and cultured near the time of the first pollen mitosis and subjected to a heat treatment of 24 h, can be induced to develop into haploid embryos. This is a study of microspore structure during induction and embryo determination. Early during the 32.5 °C incubation period the nucleus moved away from the edge of the cell, and granules, 30 to 60 nm in diameter, appeared in the mitochondria and as a cluster in the cytoplasm. Cells divided symmetrically and at the end of the heat treatment, acquired the features of induced bicellular structures described previously. The features persisted as the cells divided randomly within the exine for 4–7 days following heat induction. Multicellular structures released from the exine underwent periclinal divisions resulting in protoderm differentiation of the globular embryo, thus determining embryo development. The cytoplasm of early heart-stage embryos contains abundant polyribosomes. Non-embryogenic development was indicated by large accumulations of starch and/or lipid and thickened cell walls or an unorganized pattern of cell division following release of the multicellular structures from the exine. Embryogenesis is discussed in terms of induction, embryo determination and development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01272758
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photooxidation of Nimbin and Salannin, Tetranortriterpenoids from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 2841-2860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Azadirachtin ; nimbin ; salannin ; antifeedant ; growth inhibition ; Azadirachta indica ; Spodoptera littoralis ; Locusta migratoria ; Schistocerca gregaria ; photooxidation ; photoisomerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Nimbin and salannin, major triterpenoids accompanying azadirachtin in extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds, were photooxidized by UV light in the presence of oxygen to more polar, unstable intermediates that rearranged on silica gel to two final products in which the furan ring had been oxidized to isomeric hydroxybutenolides. The isomeric hydroxybutenolides were also readily formed when a crude extract of triterpenoids from neem seeds was irradiated, and both isomers of salannin have been isolated from seeds. Photooxidation of nimbin and salannin proceeded much faster than that of azadirachtin. All photoproducts showed some biological activity againstSpodoptera littoralis, Locusta migratoria, andSchistocerca gregaria. Isonimbinolide was as potent as azadirachtin at inhibiting feeding in all three species, and it also inhibited the growth ofS. littoralis. Isosalanninolide showed potent antifeedant and growth inhibitory activity againstS. littoralis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022523329255
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  • 5
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    Veterinary medical considerations for the use of nonhuman primates in space research (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The validity of biomedical research using animal subjects is highly dependent on the use of 'normal' and healthy animals. The current costs of research programs dictate that a minimum number of animals and test replicates be used to obtain the desired data. The use of healthy and standardized animals increases the probability of obtaining valid data while also permitting greater economy by reducing the between-individual variation, thus allowing the use of fewer animals. Areas of concern when planning animal payloads include constraints of the flight on candidate species selection, screening for physiological and psychological normalcy, procedures for routine care and quarantine of new animals and those returning from space, ground-based studies to determine experimental protocol, selection of instrumentation, stress during transportation for flight operations, housing and care facilities at launch and recovery sites, and the overall veterinary program.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: The Use of Nonhuman Primates in Space; p 197-201
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Effects of prolonged weightlessness on the swimming pattern of fish aboard Skylab 3 (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Looping behavior of minnows aboard Skylab 3 is analyzed. Extensive looping patterns were observed at first look on the third day of weightlessness; thereafter, the frequency of the looping episodes diminished until complete adaptation on the twenty-first day, at which time the fish oriented themselves with their backs to the light. The swimming anomaly could be due to (1) absence of continuous bending of sense hairs to a certain extent by gravity, causing the fish to tilt forward in an attempt to increase leverage on the hairs - in the absence of all gravity, tilting is continued into looping (this hypothesis is supported by parabolic flight experiments with partial gravity, in which only tilting was seen); or (2) an attempt by the fish to create a gravitoinertial stimulus by 'centrifuging' its otoliths by looping.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Results of ear examination (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In the five pocket mice flown on Apollo XVII, no evidence was found that the inner ear had been damaged, though poor fixation precluded detailed study. On the other hand, the middle ear cavity was involved in all the mice, hemorrhage having occurred in response to excursions in pressure within the canister that housed the mice during their flight. The same occurred in flight control mice which had been subjected to pressure excursions of much the same magnitude. A greater degree of exudation into air cells and greater leukotaxis were noted in the flight animals than in the control animals. There was no increase in leukocyte population along the paths of the 23 cosmic-ray particles registered in the subscalp dosimeters that traversed the middle ear cavities of the flight mice. The increased exudation and the greater response by leukocytes in the flight mice may have been causally related to the lesions found in their olfactory mucosa but there were no data in support of this possibility.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 8
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    Characteristics and tolerances of the pocket mouse and incidence of disease (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Studies carried out on the pocket mouse colony on Apollo XVII are reported. They revealed no serological evidence of viral disease, no pathogenic enterobacteria or respiratory Mycoplasma on culture, a 25% incidence of sarcosporidiosis, and a 2% incidence of chronic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. It is concluded that the pocket mouse is a highly adaptive animal and very well-suited to space flight.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Specifications for and preliminary design of a plant growth chamber for orbital experimental experiments (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It was proposed that plant experiments be performed on board the space shuttle. To permit the proper execution of most tests, the craft must contain a plant growth chamber which is adequately designed to control those environmental factors which can induce changes in a plant's physiology and morphology. The various needs of, and environmental factors affecting, plants are identified. The permissilbe design, construction and performance limits for a plant-growth chamber are set, and tentative designs were prepared for units which are compatible with both the botanical requirements and the constraints imposed by the space shuttle.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73189 , A-6851
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    The use of nonhuman primates in space (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Space related biomedical research involving nonhuman primates is reviewed. The scientific assets of various species and the instruments used for monitoring physiological processes during long duration experimentations are described.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CP-005 , A-6133 , Dec 02, 1974 - Dec 04, 1974; Moffett Field, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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