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  • Articles  (85)
  • Springer  (85)
  • 2015-2019  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (18)
  • 1975-1979  (48)
  • 1970-1974  (12)
  • 1955-1959  (1)
  • 1925-1929  (4)
  • Biology  (76)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (20)
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  • Articles  (85)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pressure on the ionization of water at various temperatures from molal-volume data1 (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 1 (1972), S. 309-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Effect of pressure ; ionization of water ; molal volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The apparent molal volumes of dilute (0.002 to 1.0m) aqueous HCl and NaOH solutions have been determined at 0, 25, and 50°C and NaCl solutions at 50°C. The partial molal volumes ( $$\bar V$$ ) of HCl, NaOH, and NaCl solutions have been determined from these apparent molal volumes and other reliable data from the literature. The partial-molal-volume changes ( $$\Delta \bar V_1 $$ ) for the ionization of water, H2O→H++OH−, have been determined from 0 to 50°C and 0 to 1m ionic strength from the partial molal volumes of HCl, NaOH, NaCl, and H2O. The partial molal compressibilities ( $$\bar K$$ for HCl, NaOH, NaCl, and H2O have been estimated from data in the literature and used to determine the partial molal compressibility changes ( $$\Delta \bar K_1 $$ ) for the ionization of water from 0 to 50°C and 0 to 1m ionic strength. The effect of pressure on the ionization constant of water has been estimated from partial-molal-volume and compressibility changes using the relation $$RTln(K^P /K) = - \Delta \bar V(P - 1) + \tfrac{1}{2}\Delta \bar K(P - 1)^2 $$ from 0 to 50°C and 0 to 2000 bars. The results agree very well with the directly measured values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00715990
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production site, partial composition and olfactory perception of a pheromone in the male hide beetle (1978)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 65 (1978), S. 543-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439806
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male-Driven Evolution Among Eoaves? A Test of the Replicative Division Hypothesis in a Heterogametic Female (ZW) System (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 49 (1999), S. 750-759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Male-driven evolution — ZW chromosomes — male/female mutation rate (αm) — replication error — molecular clock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Because avian females are heterogametic, the reverse of mammals, avian sex chromosomes undergo significantly different patterns and numbers of DNA replications than do those in mammals. This makes the W (female-specific) and the Z chromosomes an excellent model system for the study of the replicative division hypothesis, which purports that DNA substitution rate is determined by the number of germline replications. The sex-specific chromosome in birds (the W) is predicted to change at the slowest rate of all avian chromosomes because it undergoes the fewest rounds of replication per unit of evolutionary time. Using published data on gametogenesis from a variety of sources, we estimated the ratio of male-to-female germline replications (c) in galliforms and anseriforms to be approximately 4.4. The value of c should predict the value of the ratio of male-to-female mutation rates (αm) if the replicative division hypothesis is true. Homologous DNA sequences including an intron and parts of two exons of the CHD gene were obtained from the W and the Z chromosomes in ostrich, sage grouse, canvasback duck, tundra swan, and snow goose. The exons show significantly different nucleotide composition from the introns, and the W-linked exons show evidence of relaxed constraint. The Z-linked intron is diverging ≈ 3.1 times faster than the W-linked intron. From this, αm was calculated to be approximately 4.1, with a confidence interval of 3.1 to 5.1. The data support the idea that the number of replicative divisions is a major determinant of substitution rate in the Eoavian genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006597
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of parathyroid hormone-induced fetal rat bone resorption in vitro by nerve growth factor (1978)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 26 (1978), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Nerve growth factor ; Bone resorption ; Parathyroid hormone ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effects of 7S nerve growth factor (NGF) and its isolated α, β, and γ subunits on bone resorption were assessed in a tissue culture system in which the degree of resorption was determined by measuring the release of45Ca from prelabeled fetal rat radii and ulnae. It was found that 7S-NGF, through the activity of its γ, subunit, inhibits parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated but not-unstimulated bone resorption. The following observations suggest that γ-NGF, a trypsin-like molecule, blocks PTH-induced bone resorption by enzymatic degradation of PTH: (a) γ-NGF does not inhibit bone resorption stimulated by the steroid, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol; (b) trypsin is as effective as γ-NGF in inhibiting PTH-stimulated bone resorption; (c) the PTH-inhibitory action of both γ-NGF and trypsin are eliminated by inactivating these enzymes with diisopropyl fluorophosphate; and (d) addition of γ-NGF to the cultures 2 days after the inclusion of PTH does not result in inhibition of bone resorption. Similarly, when the subunit is added to the culture medium before the hormone, there is no inhibition of resorption. The latter observation suggests that the target of γ-NGF is the PTH molecule rather than its membrane receptors. Crystalline bovine insulin inhibits the γ-NGF suppression of PTH-induced bone resorption. This effect, however, is not mimicked by the addition of zinc, which is present in commerical insulin preparations, to the culture medium. Consequently, insulin must inhibit NGF by some mechanism other than the influence of zinc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02013259
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell lineage in fracture healing in chimeric bone grafts (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoblast ; Osteoclast ; Osteoprogenitor cells ; Fracture ; Chimera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that differences in nuclear morphology are generally sufficient to determine the species origin of cells in interspecific grafts between the Japanese quail and domestic chicken. Most quail nuclei possess 1–3 large nucleolus-associated masses of heterochromatin. Chick cells, on the other hand, usually present a more diffuse, stippled distribution of nuclear heterochromatin. Quail embryonic limb rudiments, some with and some without established marrow cavities, were explanted and grown on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick. Three to five days post-grafting, the explants were surgically fractured and allowed to heal. Tissues were collected and histologically processed during the latter period. The fractures healed completely within 5–6 days and no callus was established in the process. The nuclear staining pattern of the osteoblasts and osteocytes throughout the rudiments and at the fracture site indicated that they were derived from the graft. Possible sources for these cells included the periosteum, endosteum, and posthypertrophy chondrocytes. By contrast, most of the nuclei in the osteoclasts were chick-like and were apparently derived from cells originating in the host. Because the quail-like heterochromatin marker was normally present in a small number (2.5%) of chick osteoclast nuclei and was lacking in about 5% of native quail osteoclast nuclei, the precise extent of the participation of donor, i.e., quail bone and marrow stromal cells in osteoclast formation, could not be determined. However, the data suggest that in large measure the precursor cells for most osteoclasts were hematogenously derived and were carried to the grafted rudiments by the blood vascular system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441193
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A bone resorbing substance from bovine serum albumin (brA) (1978)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone resorption ; Albumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A fraction (brA), which causes resorption of fetal rat bones in vitro, has been concentrated from bovine serum albumin by anion exchange column chromatography on DEAE Sephadex. This active fraction has also been prepared using DEAE Sephadex A-50 by a batch method with a 0.09M NaCl, 0.1M TRIS buffer, pH 8.35. BrA was 10–30 times more potent than the original albumin. The retained material, which constitutes the bulk of the protein and has less activity than the original albumin, elutes with 0.45M NaCl. Similar treatment of serumα,β or γ globulins does not yield brA. Further enhancement of the bone resorbing activity of brA can be obtained with (NH4)2SO4 fractionation or extraction with CH3OH∶CHCl3. Heating at 55° C for 2 h or at 100° C for 10 min does not affect the activity; overnight incubation with protease destroys the bone resorbing effect. The bone resorbing activity is not removed by dialysis and does not correlate with the protease activity of the fraction. The action of brA is inhibited by 3 mM PO4, 1 μg/ml calcitonin or glucagon, 10−7 M dexamethasone or 0.02 μg/ml actinomycin D. The bone resorbing activity of brA is partially inhibited by 10−7–10−5 M indomethacin. PTH did not elicit bone resorption when added to cultures incubated in chemically defined medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/ml brA. However, brA did not inhibit PTH-induced resorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010775
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of alkaline phosphatase from extracellular vesicles of fracture callus cartilage (1978)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Fracture callus cartilage ; Matrix vesicles ; Alkaline phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Extracellular matrix vesicles from fracture callus cartilage were isolated by differential centrifugation and resolved by equilibrium centrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose gradient into two bands. The phosphohydrolytic activity towards p-nitrophenyl phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate and adenosine triphosphate was distributed similarly after differential and equilibrium centrifugation suggesting the association of this activity with the matrix vesicles. The two bands isolated by equilibrium centrifugation of the partially purified vesicular preparation demonstrated high levels of alkaline phosphatase activity. Observed with an electron microscope, the 1.07–1.14 g/cm3 band from the gradient was enriched in electron luscent matrix vesicles while the 1.27 g/cm3 band contained electron dense matrix vesicles. Enzymatic analysis of the 1.27 g/cm3 band indicated a slight contamination due to the presence of mitochondria and lysosomes while the 1.07–1.14 g/cm3 band gave no enzymatic indication of subcellular contamination. A phosphohydrolytic enzyme active towards p-nitrophenyl phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate and adenosine triphosphate was purified from the 1.07–1.14 g/cm3 fraction by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Electron micrographs of callus cartilage sections demonstrated densification of the plasma membrane and matrix vesicles following substrate incubation withβ-glycerophosphate or tetrasodium pyrophosphate. The histochemical and biochemical data indicate that a phosphatase, with multiple substrate specificity, is a component of fracture callus cartilage matrix vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010755
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rodent peritoneal macrophages as bone resorbing cells (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Macrophage ; Bone resorption ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Because of the difficulty in obtaining large, relatively pure populations of osteoclasts, most studies of bone resorption are performed on intact animals or in cultures of embryonic bone rudiments. These experimental systems, however, do not permit detailed analysis of the cellular mechanisms of matrix degradation or of the means whereby resorbing cells attach to the bone surface. Mononuclear phagocytes, which are probably ontogenetically related to the osteoclast, will resorb bone matrix in tissue culture. Consequently, we have developed an in vitro system whereby the ability of these cells to bind and resorb skeletal matrix can be precisely and individually measured using radioisotopically labeled, devitalized rat bone particles. We have found that when derived from mice, peritoneal macrophages bind approximately 80% of bone particles within the first 40 min of incubation. Significant (P〈0.025) net matrix degradation, as defined by the percentage of isotope released from bone cultured with macrophages as compared to that released in the absence of cells, occurs within the first 3 h of culture and proceeds rapidly for at least the first 2 days of incubation. By this time 40%–50% of isotope usually has been released into the medium. Resident peritoneal macrophages appear to mobilize matrix as actively as those which are thioglycollate induced. By comparison, lymphocytes elicit little isotope mobilization from bone, and rat peritoneal exudate macrophages are markedly less efficient (P〈0.001) at resorbing rat bone than are macrophages obtained from mice. Isotope release by peritoneal macrophages represents true cell-mediated resorption and not merely nonspecific mineral mobilization as evidenced by the facts that: (a) the magnitudes of release of isotopes representing the inorganic (45CaCl) and organic (3H-proline) phases of bone are the same, (b) daily buffering of the cultures to pH 7.4 has little effect on45Ca release, and (c) cell-matrix contact is required for optimal mobilization of45Ca or3H.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441194
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular mechanism of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (1974)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 25 (1974), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With an electro-immunodiffusion technique the authors immunologically titrated 10 deficient glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants in the leukocytes, platelets, and red blood cells. By comparison between the immunological reactivity and the enzymatic activity, the relative importance of the molecular instability, the decrease in molecular specific activity, and the post-translational modifications of the muted protein could be appreciated. The Gd(-) A, Gd(-) West Bengale, Gd(-) Seattle, and Gd(-) Worcester-like variants had a normal specific activity and were only unstable. The Gd(-) Mali, Gd(-) Fort de France, Gd(-) Ankara, Gd(-) Mediterranee, Gd(-) Matam, and Gd(-) Benevento-like variants were also unstable and they had a diminished molecular specific activity, which entirely or partly explained the leukocyte deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283310
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gd(-) Abrami a deficient G-6PD variant with hemizygous expression in blood cells of a woman with primary myelofibrosis (1975)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 30 (1975), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new deficient G-6PD variant, Gd(-) Abrami, was found in granulocytes, platelets and red blood cells of a 65-year-old woman with myelofibrosis. Enzyme and immunological titrations showed that only the deficient variant was present in blood cells whereas both the normal and abnormal enzymes were found in the fat cells of this patient. These results seem to indicate that the granulocytes, platelets and erythrocytes of this woman with myelofibrosis have arisen from a single abnormal precursor the functional X chromsome of which is the one carrying the abnormal G-6PD gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273630
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