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  • Springer  (325)
  • Public Library of Science  (10)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 2015-2019  (293)
  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1990-1994  (33)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transgenic analysis of the 5′- and 3′-flanking regions of the NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase gene from Cucumis sativus L. (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 821-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cucumber ; light-regulated gene expression ; NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase ; organ-specific gene expression ; peroxisome ; photorespiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 5′- and 3′-flanking regions of HPRA, a cucumber gene that encodes hydroxypyruvate reductase, were evaluated for regulatory activity with respect to light responsiveness and organ specificity. To define the functional regions of the 5′-flanking region of HPRA, a series of deletions was generated and the remaining portions fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene (uidA) containing a minimal 35S promoter truncated at −90. The region from −66 to +39 was found to be necessary for light-regulated expression of the uidA reporter gene, while the region from −382 to −67 was found to be necessary for its leaf-specific expression. Further deletion of the HPRA 5′ flanking region to −590 resulted in high levels of root expression, suggesting the presence of a negative regulatory element responsible for silencing root expression of the HPRA gene between −590 and −383. The 3′-flanking region of the HPRA gene downstream of the polyadenylation site contains several sequence motifs resembling regulatory elements present in the promoters of several light-responsive genes. An 823 bp portion of the HPRA 3′-flanking region containing these putative regulatory elements enhanced GUS expression in leaves when placed downstream of the uidA reporter gene in the forward orientation, but not in the reverse orientation. When placed 5′ of the −90 35S promoter, the 823 bp fragment enhanced slightly, independently of orientation, the root tip-specific expression pattern intrinsic to the −90 35S promoter, indicating that in some cases this region can act as a transcriptional enhancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042068
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of genes encoding hydroxypyruvate reductase in cucumber (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 941-947 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: hydroxypyruvate reductase ; light regulation ; peroxisomal enzymes ; photorespiration ; plant gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several clones corresponding to the gene encoding NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase have been isolated from a cucumber genomic library. Restriction mapping indicates the presence of two HPR genes, hpr-A and hpr-B, in the cucumber genome. Examination of the DNAs of individual plants suggests that hpr-A and hpr-B are most likely alleles at a single locus. The sequence of a 6.7 kb genomic fragment that includes the entire transcribed region, 2.2 kb of 5′ flanking sequence, and about 0.8 kb of 3′ flanking sequence reveals the presence of 12 introns in hpr-A. These introns are AT-rich relative to the exons. The donor sequence at the 5′ end of the sixth intron contains an unusual dinucleotide, GC, rather than the nearly invariant GT. Primer extension analysis maps the transcription initiation site to 61 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon. An AT-rich stretch is centered at position −31 with respect to the transcription initiation site, and a potential CCAAT box is centered at position −138. Several elements that are homologous to regulatory elements of other plant genes have been identified in the flanking regions of hpr-A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037078
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and harvesting of semelparous species with phenotypic and genotypic variability in reproductive age (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 33 (1995), S. 521-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Population dynamics modeling ; Evolutionarily stable strategies ; Polymorphic life histories ; Age-at-maturity ; Harvesting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study the evolution of polymorphic life histories in anadromous semelparous salmon and the effects of harvesting. We derive dynamic phenotypic and genetic ESS models for describing the evolutionary dynamics. We show in our deterministic analysis that polymorphisms are not possible in a panmictic random mating population. Instead, genetic or behavioral polymorphisms may be observed in populations with assortative mating systems. Positive assortative mating may be supported and generated by behavioral and phenotypic traits like male mate choice, spawning ground selection by phenotype, or within-river homing-migration-distance by size. In the case of an evolutionarily stable dimorphism, the ESS is characterized by a reproductive ideal free distribution such that at an equilibrium the individuals are indifferent from the fitness point of view between the two life histories of early and late reproduction. Different strategy models - that is, phenotypic and genetic ESS models - yield identical behavioral predictions and, consequently, genetics does not seem to play an important role in the present model. An evolutionary response to increased fishing mortality is obvious and may have resource management implications. High sea fishing mortalities drive the populations toward early spawning. Thus it is possible that unselective harvesting at sea may eliminate, depending on the biological system, behavioral polymorphisms or genetic heterozygozity and drive the population to a monomorphic one. If within-river homing migration distances depend on the size of fish, unselective harvesting at sea, or selective harvesting of spawning runs in rivers, may reduce local population sizes on spawning grounds high up rivers. Finally, harvesting in a population may cause a switch in a dominant life-history strategy in a population so that anticipated sustainable yields cannot be realized in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163041
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The natural history of a scholar and gentleman A biography of Eldon H. Newcomb (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 195 (1996), S. 4-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279181
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avoiding metric monsters: A design metrics approach (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of software engineering 1 (1995), S. 43-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7489
    Keywords: Design metrics ; design metrics analyzer ; metrics model ; software metrics ; software quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Metric monsters are stumbling blocks that prevent software metrics-guided methodologies from attaining product and process improvement. Metric monsters can occur during the identification, collection or application of software metrics. In our research, we have developed and tested our design metrics over a five-year period and have found them to be excellent predictors of error-prone modules. Based on this research, we will identify some of the monsters that occur in the quantitative analyses of software and its development processes, and present our approach in formulating a design metrics model that avoids these monsters. This model consists of software tools, guidelines and actions for the application of software design metrics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02249045
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invasion of sibmating genes in diploid and haplodiploid populations (1992)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 6 (1992), S. 312-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: genetic models ; inbreeding depression ; mating cost ; Hymenoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Existing genetic models of the evolution of sibmating behaviour in diploids incorporate inbreeding depression in terms of reduced fecundity of consanguineous mating pairs rather than reduced survival or fecundity of the progeny of such matings. Here we derive a model to correct this deficiency and extend the model to haplodiploids where differential effects of inbreeding in males and females is a crucial consideration. Our analyses indicate that sibmating can readily evolve in both diploids and haplodiploids in which male mating costs and inbreeding depression are reasonably low, provided there is some mechanism to permit sibmating such as siblings being reared in nests or other forms of aggregation. Our analyses also indicate that once sibmating invades, it typically will go to fixation, although sib-/randommating polymorphisms can persist in both diploids and haplodiploids if male mating costs are close to zero and inbreeding depression reduces survival by around one-third. The conditions favouring sibmating are slightly more restrictive in haplodiploids than in diploids. In light of this we may ask why we see intense sibmating in many haplodiploids such as parasitic wasps, fig wasps, ants, bark beetles and mites, and only rarely in diploid animals. The common factor could be certain kinds of aggregation behaviour that are a prerequisite for sibmating in the absence of kin recognition. Another possibility is that inbreeding depression is likely to be more severe in diploids than in haplodiploids because deleterious recessives are purged from haplodiploid populations when expressed by haploid males. Thus, lower levels of inbreeding depression might be one important reason why sibmating appears to arise more frequently in haplodiploids than diploids. Phylogenetic analysis of groups, such as bark beetles and mites, exhibiting both diploid and haplodiploid populations may be useful in elucidating the relative importance of gregarious behaviour and haplodiploidy in facilitating sibmating systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270968
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inclusive fitness model for the evolutionary advantage of sibmating (1994)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 8 (1994), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: sibmating ; inbreeding depression ; haplodiploid ; inclusive fitness ; one-locus genetic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We construct an inclusive fitness model of the relative selective advantage of sibmating and outbreeding behaviour, under the assumption that inbred offspring pay a fitness penalty. We are particularly interested in the question of whether such inbreeding depression is enough to generate a stable phenotypic polymorphism, with both kinds of breeding observed. The model predicts that, under diploidy, such a polymorphism is never found, but under haplodiploidy, it exists for a narrow range of parameter values. The inclusive fitness argument is technically interesting because care must be taken with reproductive values. We also present a corrected version of a one-locus genetic model for sibmating and find that the inclusive fitness and genetic models give identical results when selection is weak.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01237666
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of DNA-binding proteins with the 5′-flanking region of a cytokinin-responsive cucumber hydroxypyruvate reductase gene (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 38 (1998), S. 713-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cucumber ; cytokinin-responsive ; DNA-binding proteins ; hydroxypyruvate reductase ; transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transcription of the cucumber hpr-A gene is responsive to cytokinin and light. To investigate the molecular basis for transcriptional regulation by cytokinin, we have identified DNA sequences and proteins that may be involved in the regulation of hpr-A gene expression. Transient expression assays in etiolated cucumber cotyledons indicate that the 315 bp fragment (−382 to −67) contains sequences necessary for cytokinin responsiveness of the luciferase reporter gene. Band shift assays detected cytokinin-enhanced and -reduced protein binding sites in a 97 bp fragment (−382 to −285) upstream of the hpr-A gene. DNase I footprinting identified two protein-protected sites, a 15 bp sequence, 5′-AAATGACGAAAATGC-3′, that contains an as-1 TGACG motif found in other plant promoters, and a 13 bp sequence, 5′-AAGATTGATTGAG-3′, of unknown function. Two-dimensional band shift analysis of the cytokinin-responsive DNA protein complex revealed the presence of six DNA protein interactions. Band shift assays showed that cytokinin and light have different effects on the interaction of nuclear proteins to the 97 bp fragment of the hpr-A gene. These data suggest that cytokinin and light do not share identical signal transduction pathways in regulating hpr-A gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006034932322
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boundary-layer depth and entrainment zone characterization with a boundary-layer profiler (1994)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 68 (1994), S. 375-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A technique for determining the height of the convective atmospheric boundary layer (CBL) with a 915 MHz boundary-layer profiler is discussed. The results are compared with CBL heights determined from radiosonde measurements. The profiler provides continuous CBL height measurements with very good time resolution (30 minutes or less), allowing for detailed understanding of the growth and fluctuations of the CBL. In addition, the profiler provides information about the degree of definition of the CBL top and the thickness of the entrainment zone. The measurements discussed were taken during the Rural Oxidants in the Southern Environment II (ROSE II) experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00706797
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Student Integration Survey: Development of an early alert assessment and reporting system (1993)
    Springer
    Research in higher education 34 (1993), S. 513-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-188X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract This study describes efforts to develop a self-report rating scale (Student Integration Survey: SIS) that provides diagnostic information about students with academic and/or social integration difficulties. Data obtained from administration of the SIS to incoming freshmen at a postsecondary technical institution for the deaf in the fall of 1990 and 1991 were subjected to Rasch rating scale analysis. Fit of data to the measurement model resulted in a set of 28 positive and negative statements that empirically defined the concept of “institutional integration” in terms of their calibration hierarchy. This type of instrument calibration has the potential of providing person measures and item scale values that are invariant over a useful range of comparisons. The early alert reporting system provides an evaluation and diagnosis of observed responses relevant to expected responses for individual respondees. The substance and methods employed may provide a model for other integration assessment efforts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00991858
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