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  • Articles  (102)
  • American Physical Society  (64)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (38)
  • Frontiers Media
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Wiley
  • 2015-2019  (24)
  • 1995-1999  (13)
  • 1990-1994  (36)
  • 1980-1984  (29)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (102)
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  • Articles  (102)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-energy spherical grating monochromator for soft x rays at the Daresbury SRS (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4349-4353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A vertically dispersing high-energy spherical grating monochromator (HESGM) has been installed on the synchrotron radiation source (SRS) at the Daresbury Laboratory. The instrument has no entrance slit and provides a high intensity source of x rays of energy 250–1400 eV focused into a small spot suitable for surface spectroscopy. Photoabsorption features of 240 meV have been resolved, but the resolution of the instrument is dependent on the SRS stored beam current. The degree of linear polarization has been measured at the carbon K edge to be 0.80.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143735
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Australian diffractometer at the Photon Factory : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1069-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Outlined are design features of a versatile high-resolution two-axis diffractometer that is being constructed for operation at the Photon Factory as an Australian national facility. The instrument features optional use of multiple-imaging plates on a translating cassette to allow rapid recording of an almost complete range of data covering both the high-angle and small-angle scattering regime or alternatively the use of electronic detectors. The instrument will be capable of operation in various modes including the following: (i) high-resolution powder diffraction with single-channel counter and crystal analyzer, (ii) high-resolution, high-speed powder diffraction in the Debye–Scherrer mode with imaging plates as recording medium, either stationary or translating (for time-dependent studies), (iii) small-angle x-ray scattering with imaging plates as recording medium, (iv) protein crystallography in screenless Weissenberg mode, and (v) two- or three-axis single-crystal diffractometry. The salient features of the instrument are the use of a double-crystal sagittal focusing monochromator as primary monochromator together with the optional use of a condensing–collimating channel-cut (CCCC) monochromator or other channel-cut monochromator as secondary monochromator. The use of a CCCC monochromator enables fine tuning of beam position on sample, harmonic suppression, beam-condensation, and variation of wavelength bandpass. Further features include the use of high-precision incremental encoders on both axes, together with the capability of operating the whole diffractometer, including secondary monochromator and detectors, in vacuum of order 10−3 Torr in order to reduce absorption and parasitic scattering, and the use of a large camera radius (approximately 0.57 m) for the imaging plate cassette in order to increase angular resolution and signal to noise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Range and straggling effects on CR-39/range-filter ion energy measurements : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4895-4897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The CR-39/range-filter technique measures ion energy by determining the maximum filter thickness which ions can penetrate. CR-39 located behind the filter records the ions. This method is used to measure peak voltage in pulsed power accelerators. We investigated range and straggling effects in this diagnostic by exposing it to 8- and 15-MeV protons for both Al and Ta filters. The range agreed with published values to better than ±6%. The range straggling decreased for higher incident ion energy and lower atomic number, as expected, although there were differences up to a factor of 1.7 between the experimental values and predictions. The dependence of the track diameter distribution on ion energy enabled us to establish a signature which is characteristic of ions which penetrate a filter, via straggling. These results can be used to evaluate the errors present when this diagnostic is used to measure accelerator voltage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143543
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrodynamic trapping and manipulation of particle clouds (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 70-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Apparatus and techniques were developed to electrodynamically trap and manipulate groups of microparticles. The equipment consists of a vibrating orifice aerosol generator, an inductive particle charger, a plenum chamber, and a double-ring electrodynamic balance. Salt particles (NaNO3) of controllable and measurable mass and charge were produced and introduced into the balance in nitrogen at flow rates up to 25 cm3/min. Ordered arrays of any number of particles up to 26 were assembled and manipulated. Methods for compressing the arrays are presented, and controlled ejection of single particles from a trapped array is demonstrated. Particles of opposite polarity were successfully levitated and kept apart, and aggregation of these particles was then induced by changing the electric field. Raman spectra were recorded for multiple salt particles, each having a diameter of 3.5 μm, by aligning them in a laser beam. The enhanced Raman signal is compared with that from a single particle isolated from the array. From the results, a detection limit of 0.4 pg per particle was estimated. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147682
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for the investigation of organic reactions driven by shock waves in liquids (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3321-3326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A method has been developed for investigating the chemical reactions of organic compounds under the dynamic shock loading conditions of detonation. Sealed capsules are placed along the axis of a cylindrical charge which is initiated at one end. As the detonation wave progresses along the charge, a major part of the sample inside each capsule is subjected to a well-balanced annular compression with peak pressure approximately equal to the Chapman–Jouguet pressure of the explosive used. The geometry of the system ensures both minimal structural deformation and low residual velocity of the capsules; consequently high survival rates have been obtained. The temperature and pressure distribution within the sample space has been calculated as a function of time by a computer simulation using MAGI, a three-dimensional Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics code. The temperature has also been measured experimentally with a variety of organic reactions known to be insensitive to pressure, whose Arrhenius parameters are obtained from the literature and measurements in our laboratory. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145501
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Hard X-ray Camera on the PBX-M tokamak (invited) (abstract)a) : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 585-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The modification and control of the plasma current profile by lower hybrid current drive is considered one of the most promising avenues to control MHD instabilities and improve the high beta performance of tokamaks. The Hard X-ray Camera on PBX-M records images of the bremsstrahlung emitted by suprathermal electrons that carry part of the plasma current during lower hybrid current drive. The Hard X-ray Camera is a pinhole camera that uses a 9 in. diam x-ray intensifier as detector. It provides a tangential view of the tokamak plasma and delivers 64 images with 128×128 pixels per plasma shot. The spatial resolution in the plasma is approximately 2 cm, and the time resolution 3 ms. The camera is sensitive to x rays between 30 and 200 keV. The photon energy (and the energy of the suprathermal electrons) is measured with an absorber foil method. Modeling of the x-ray emission has reproduced the experimental images with a better than 10% accuracy. In addition, two inversion techniques have been developed: one of these can be performed on line between shots. Illustrative examples of important applications of hard x-ray imaging will be given. The hard x-ray images provide information on the radial location of the absorption of the lower hybrid waves, on the velocity distribution of the suprathermal electrons, on the diffusion of superthermal electrons, and on anomalous hot electron transport induced by MHD instabilities. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146291
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Streaked laser absorption measurements of density and temperature profiles in a high density Z pinch : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 652-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A nonresonant laser absorption technique is described for studying the density and temperature profiles in a high density z-pinch discharge. A long pulse (700-ns) dye laser backlights the pinch and a streak camera records the transmitted laser intensity. Spatially and temporally resolved absorption coefficients are inferred from the fractional transmission through the plasma. The measured values are related to plasma density and temperature profiles using theoretical calculated absorption coefficients and equations of state. The results demonstrate the fine spatial resolution that can be obtained with this technique, reveal a complex radial structure in z-pinch discharges not observable in emission light streak photographs, and establish the practicality of using the technique to evaluate and benchmark theoretical model predictions. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146317
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring microwave shielding effectiveness in liquid nitrogen (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1002-1005 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A technique to distinguish between materials that can and cannot shield microwaves in liquid nitrogen was developed. The samples are placed in a modified X-band waveguide, which operates by the same "insertion loss'' principle as a coaxial device used to measure shielding effectiveness from 300 to 1000 MHz. Verification of the waveguide fixture was accomplished by measuring the shielding effectiveness of a good conductor, coppper; a nonconductor, Teflon; and two intermediate conductors, steel and a carbon-filled elastomer. After verification, the waveguide fixture was used at liquid nitrogen temperatures to compare the shielding effectiveness of YBa2Cu3O7−x, a high temperature superconductor, with copper, a known shielding material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progress toward a microsecond duration, repetitively pulsed, intense-ion beam for active spectroscopic measurements on ITER : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 332-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe the design of an intense, pulsed, repetitive, neutral beam based on magnetically insulated diode technology for injection into ITER for spectroscopic measurements of thermalizing alpha particle and thermal helium density profiles, ion temperature, plasma rotation, and low Z impurity concentrations throughout the confinement region. The beam is being developed to enhance low signal-to-noise ratios expected with conventional steady-state ion beams because of severe beam attenuation and intense bremsstrahlung emission. A 5 GW (e.g., 100 keV, 50 kA) 1 μs duration beam would increase the charge exchange recombination signal by 103 compared to a conventional 5 MW beam. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147862
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New instrument for microbeam analysis incorporating submicron imaging and resonance ionization mass spectrometry (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3168-3176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer for surface analysis has been developed that incorporates a Schwarzschild all-reflecting microscope. The instrument is configured for secondary ion mass spectrometry and secondary neutral mass spectrometry using either ion beam bombardment or laser ablation for sample atomization. The sample viewing and imaging system of this instrument enables in situ laser microanalysis with a lateral resolution below 1 μm. The major advantages of using a Schwarzschild objective include good lateral resolution, easy design, low cost, complete achromatism, and both viewing the sample and extracting secondary or photoions normal to its surface. The instrument has a mass resolution of m/Δm≥2000 and is capable of measuring elemental and isotopic compositions at trace levels using resonance ionization. The isotopic ratios of trace concentrations of Ti in μm size SiC grains separated from meteorites were measured. The extremely low ablation laser power used in the above experiment points to the possibility of using low-cost laser systems for laser microprobe applications. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145546
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