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  • Artikel  (50)
  • Springer  (50)
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  • Medizin  (43)
  • Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft  (12)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Frauenmilich ; Thiamin ; Riboflavin ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin E ; Human milk ; thiamine ; riboflavin ; vitamin A ; vitamin E
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary The contents of the vitamins B1 (27 ng/ml), B2 (57 ng/ml), A (1.3 µg/ml), and E (9.7 µg/ml) as well as β-carotene (0.2 µg/ml) in transitional human milk were determined for up to 35 women aged between 19 and 31 years. Additionally, the vitamin content in maternal and cord plasma as well as the erythrocytic transketolase- and glutathion-reductase activities of the water soluble vitamins were measured. Dietary recalls were evaluated for the nutritional intake of vitamins. Concerning the fat soluble vitamins, the breast fed newborns received the recommended amounts of the German Society of Nutrition (DGE) for this group. In contrast to this, the supply of the water soluble vitamins (B1: 13.5 µg/500 ml; B2: 28.5 µg/500 ml) attained only 5 to 10 % of the recommendations for newborns during the first two weeks after parturition with breast feeding. Vitamin content of maternal plasma (B1: 6.1±2.8 ng/ml) and erythrocytic enzyme activities (αETK: 0.86–1.62; αEGR: 1.08–1.75) indicated a low or sufficient intake, while the values in cord blood (B1: 19.8±6.5 ng/ml; αETK: 0.62–1.62; αEGR: 1.01–1.47) were in accordance with a satisfactory supply.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die Gehalte der transitorischen Frauenmilch an den Vitaminen B1 (27 ng/ml), B2 (57 ng/ml), A (1,3 µg/ml) und E (9,7 µg/ml) sowie β-Carotin (0,2 µg/ml) wurden bei bis zu 35 Frauen im Alter zwischen 19 und 31 Jahren untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden die Vitamingehalte im Plasma der Wöchnerinnen und in der Nabelschnur nach der Geburt sowie bei den wasserlöslichen Vitaminen die Aktivitäten der Transketolase und der Glutathion-Reduktase in den Erythrozyten ermittelt. Ernährungsprotokolle lieferten einen Überblick über die Vitaminzufuhr. Bei den fettlöslichen Vitaminen erhielten die Säuglinge beim Stillen die von der DGE empfohlene Menge, während die Empfehlungen zur Zufuhr wasserlöslicher Vitamine in den ersten beiden Stillwochen mit einer Aufnahme von 13,5 µg/500 ml (B1) und 28,5 µg/500 ml (B2) nur zu 5–10 % erreicht wurden. Plasmaspiegel (B1: 6,1±2,8 ng/ml) und erythrozytäre Enzymaktivitäten (αETK: 0,86–1,62; αEGR: 1,08–1,75) der Wöchnerinnen wiesen eine unzureichende bis adäquate Versorgung aus, während die Werte im Nabelschnurblut (B1: 19,8±6,5 ng/ml; αETK: 0,62–1,62; αEGR: 1,01–1,47) eine gute bis befriedigende Versorgung der Säuglinge belegten.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Intestinal absorption – lycopene – tomato matrices – tomato oleoresin capsules – antioxidant capacity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Background: The bioavailability of carotenoids has been investigated in animal studies as well as in human studies, so far mostly for β-carotene. Only few results exist for lycopene. In recent studies, lycopene was significantly better available from processed tomatoes compared to raw tomatoes, when using daily intakes between 16.5 mg and 75 mg lycopene. Aim of the study In a comparative study the availability of a low oral lycopene dosage of 5 mg/d from different food matrices versus soft gel capsules containing tomato oleoresin was assessed. In addition to the plasma carotenoid content, the effect of lycopene ingestion on other plasma carotenoids, the lipid status parameters, and the antioxidant activitys was estimated. Methods Twenty-two female adults (20 – 27 y) were randomized in three groups and were advized to minimize their carotenoid intake for two weeks. After this initial period, two groups received a portion of tomatoes or tomato juice adjusted to a lycopene dose of 5 mg/d, the third group ingested the same dose comprized in soft gel capsules containing tomato oleoresin. During the test period of 6 weeks, the participants continued reducing the intake of carotenoids from food. Fasting blood samples were withdrawn prior to the study, before supplementation started, and then weekly while supplemented. Seven-day dietary records were prepared before the study started and after one week of supplementation. Carotenoids were analyzed by reversed phase HPLC with diode array detection. Dietary records were evaluated using the computer software EBIS 2.1. The plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined enzymatically. In addition, the antioxidant activity of plasma was estimated by using the TEAC and the TRAP assays. Results The basal levels of lycopene in plasma were comparable for all groups (0.2 – 0.3 μmol/l) and decreased significantly during the two weeks of depletion to approximately 50 % of the basal values. Other plasma carotenoids such as β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin decreased significantly, too, whereas lutein and zeaxanthin remained unchanged. After supplementation with tomato oleoresin capsules or tomato juice, the plasma lycopene increased significantly, while it remained unchanged during intake of tomatoes. Normal dietary habits were practized of all volunteers before and during the study except vitamin C whose intake was significantly lower during the study period, because the probands were recommended to reduce the intake of fruits and vegetables. Lycopene supplementation did not affect the lipid status parameters of the three groups. After ingestion of lycopene the antioxidant activity of the plasma was not altered. Mean TEAC values were estimated to 0.33 ± 0.05 mmol/l and TRAP values to 1.0 ± 0.1 mmol/l and showed no significant differences in all groups during the whole study period. Conclusions The bioavailability of lycopene varied significantly depending on the administered matrix. Lycopene from tomato oleoresin capsules and tomato juice (processed tomatoes) was better absorbed from the intestine than lycopene from raw tomatoes. The daily intake of 5 mg lycopene, an intake comparable to the usual daily carotenoid intake, did not affect cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma or its antioxidant capacity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 1094-1096 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Head critical period ; juvenile hormone ; moult regulation ; Periplaneta americana
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract From neck ligation experiments with last instar larvae of the cockroachPeriplaneta americana it was concluded that the head critical period is reached around day 17, which corresponds to 59% of the last larval stage. At the same stage the juvenile hormone III titre in the hemolymph dropped to undectable levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Schlagwort(e): Tax ; HTLV-1 ; Trans-activation ; Phosphorylation ; Mutagenesis ; Transcription ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax is a phosphoprotein, however, the contribution of phosphorylation to Tax activity is unknown. Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation of Tax occurs on serine residue(s), within one tryptic fragment, in response to 4β-phorbol-12β-myristate-13α-acetate, in both mouse and human cells. Studies were conducted in multiple cell lines to identify the specific phosphorylated serines as a prelude to functional analysis. The phosphorylation pattern of Tax was found to be different in 293T and COS-7 cells in comparison with MT-4 and Px-1 cells. However, one tryptic fragment remained consistent in comigration analyses among all cell lines. Using selected Tax serine mutants a tryptic fragment containing a serine at residue 113 believed to be the site of phosphorylation of Tax did not comigrate with the common phosphorylated tryptic fragment. Analysis of selected Tax mutants for ability totrans-activate the cytomegalovirus promoter demonstrated mutation of serine 77 to alanine reducedtrans-activation by 90% compared to wild-type Tax. However, examination of the phosphorylation pattern of the serine 77 mutant demonstrated that it is not the site of phosphorylation. These studies demonstrate the importance of using relevant cell lines to characterize the role of phosphorylation in protein function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a frequent cause for obstructive azoospermia and accounts for 1%–2% of male infertility. A high incidence of mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene has recently been reported in males with CAVD. We have investigated a cohort of 106 German patients with congenital bilateral or unilateral absence of the vas deferens for mutations in the coding region, flanking intron regions and promotor sequences of the CFTR gene. Of the CAVD patients, 75% carried CFTR mutations or disease-associated CFTR variants, such as the “5T” allele, on both chromosomes. The distribution of mutation genotypes clearly differed from that observed in cystic fibrosis. None of the CAVD patients was homozygous for ΔF508 and none was compound heterozygous for ΔF508 and a nonsense or frameshift mutation. Instead, homozygosity was found for a few mild missense or splicing mutations, and the majority of CAVD mutations were missense substitutions. Twenty-one German CAVD patients were compound heterozygous for ΔF508 and R117H, which was the most frequent CAVD genotype in our study group. Haplotype analysis indicated a common origin for R117H in our population, whereas another frequent CAVD mutation, viz. the “5T allele” was a recurrent mutation on different intragenic haplotypes and multiple ethnic backgrounds. We identified a total of 46 different mutations and variants, of which 15 mutations have not previously been reported. Thirteen novel missense mutations and one unique amino-acid insertion may be confined to the CAVD phenotype. A few splice or missense variants, such as F508C or 1716 G→A, are proposed here as possible candidate CAVD mutations with an apparently reduced penetrance. Clinical examination of patients with CFTR mutations on both chromosomes revealed elevated sweat chloride concentrations and discrete symptoms of respiratory disease in a subset of patients. Thus, our collaborative study shows that CAVD without renal malformation is a primary genital form of cystic fibrosis in the vast majority of German patients and links the particular expression of clinical symptoms in CAVD with a distinct subset of CFTR mutation genotypes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 95 (1995), S. 713-715 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An intragenic deletion in the human PTPN6 gene is described. The PTPN6 gene maps to chromosome 12p12-13 and is shown to possess two alternative first exons. A 1.7-kb deletion occurring in the intron between the two alternatively used first exons is the result of an illegitimate recombination between two Alu-type repeats. The deletion increases the transcriptional activity of the distal promotor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 45 (1997), S. 282-283 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  A single contig spanning the entire mouse immunoglobulin kappa light chain (Igk) locus on chromosome 6 has been established using yeast and bacterial artificial chromosome clones. Detailed mapping of the Igk locus indicates that a member of the Igk-V2 gene family, located about 3.5 megabases upstream of the Igk-J-C complex, is the most distal functional Igk-V gene. Sequence analyses of Igk-V genes and anonymous DNA segments provide indications for internal duplications at the 5′ end of the Igk-V locus and identify the likely origin of Igk-V orphon gene clusters located elsewhere in the mouse genome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 46 (1997), S. 509-515 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The differentiation of primitive epithelial precursor cells in the thymic primordium into subcapsular, cortical, and medullary epithelial cells of the mature thymus requires the activity of the nude gene product Whn. Whn is also required for proper keratinization of the hair shaft. We determined the nucleotide sequence of a 58 kilobase region on mouse chromosome 11 that encompasses the mouse nude gene and part of the two neighboring genes, encoding a sodium/dicarboxylate co-transporter and the retinal protein 4. Using cross-hybridization, the human orthologue of the mouse nude gene was isolated. The human WHN protein also consists of 648 amino acids, 85% of which are identical to the mouse protein. Like the mouse gene, the human gene consists of eight coding exons and utilizes two alternative first exons in a tissue-specific fashion. Sequences upstream of the two alternative first exons display promoter activity in heterologous reporter assays. Whereas both promoters appear to be active in skin (albeit at different levels), only the most upstream element is active in the thymus, indicating that transcriptional activity of the whn gene is subject to complex regulation. Nucleotide sequence database comparisons reveal that among other winged-helix genes, the HTLF and HTLFL1 genes are most closely related to whn, although the exon/intron structure of the human HTLF gene in the DNA binding domain differs from that of whn.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 95 (1995), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The inability to identify fragile sites from data for single individuals remains the major obstacle to determining whether these chromosomal loci are predisposed to cancer-causing and evolutionary rearrangements. We describe a novel statistical model that is amenable to data from single individuals and that establishes site-specific chromosomal breakage as nonrandom with respect to the distribution of total breakage. Our method tests incrementally smaller subsets of the data for homogeneity under a multinomial model that assigns equal probabilites to a maximal set of nonfragile sites and unrestricted probabilities to the remaining fragile sites with significantly higher numbers of breaks. We show how standardized Pearson's chi-square (X 2) and likelihood-ratio (G 2) statistics can be appropriately used to measure goodness-of-fit for sparse contingency (individual-based) data in this model. A sample application of this approach indicates extensive variation in fragile sites among individuals and marked differences in fragile-site inferences from pooled as opposed to per-individual data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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