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  • Springer  (53)
  • 2015-2019  (5)
  • 2000-2004  (28)
  • 1995-1999  (15)
  • 1960-1964  (5)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 26 (1996), S. 1081-1088 
    ISSN: 1572-9516
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with Hans Ertel's contribution to fundamental cosmological problems and with the irrelerance to geophysics. Ertl's studies arc related to Einstein's relativistic physics, Eddington's large numbers in cosmology, and to other problems.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Honeybee; royal jelly; proteins; protein family; gene family; repetitive region; cDNA; nutrition.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The characterization of major proteins of honeybee larval jelly (49 – 87 kDa) was performed by the sequencing of new complementary DNAs (cDNAs) obtained from a honeybee head cDNA library, by the determination of N-terminal sequences of the proteins, and by analyses of the newly obtained and known sequence data concerning the proteins. It was found that royal jelly (RJ) and worker jelly (WJ) contain identical major proteins and that all the proteins belong to one protein family designated MRJP (from major royal jelly proteins). The family consists of five main members (MRJP1, MRJP2, MRJP3, MRJP4, MRJP5). The proteins MRJP3 and MRJP5 are polymorphic. MRJPs account for 82 to 90% of total larval jelly protein, and they contain a relatively high amount of essential amino acids. These findings support the idea that MRJPs play an important role in honeybee nutrition.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1063-7826
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The processes of formation and annealing of radiation defects in Si1−x Gex samples irradiated with 4-MeV electrons were studied. It is shown that, in the range of Ge contents of 3.5–15 at. %, a reduction in the efficiency of formation of oxygen-containing defects (VO and VO2) compared to that in silicon is observed. The existence of three types of VO centers, perturbed and unperturbed by neighboring Ge atoms, is detected in Si1−x Gex.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Acoustic reflection signatures of four hydro-carbon seeps were classified using near-bottom 25-kHz echosounder profiles. Echo patterns were compared with ground-truth data obtained by submersible observations and shallow coring. Six echo types were distinguished: strong reflections from (1) exposed or (2) buried hard substrates, such as authigenic carbonate or gas hydrate; acoustic scattering in (3) unlayered or (4) layered sediments owing to gas, shells, or disseminated carbonates; (5) attenuation caused by gas; and (6) undisturbed sediments. Echo type distributions suggest that high spatial variability indicates a younger, vigorous seep, whereas extensive hard substrate implies an older, encrusted seep.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 46 (2000), S. 14-22 
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The present study deals with the question of whether the ibex colonies released at the edge of the eastern Alps were reintroduced or in fact newly introduced to this region. Furthermore, the factors influencing the population development of ibex colonies in this area are investigated. Based on the hypothesis that the topography of the winter habitat must be considered as the major limiting factor for colony growth in the area under investigation, the potential winter quarters of the individual colonies were evaluated with relation to the overall habitat and their quality was compared with the respective growth rates. In the area under investigation the population development was mainly influenced by the interplay of topography and winter precipitation in the form of snow. This correlation is further enhanced by the usually very small and isolated massifs on which the colonies were established, since ibex only rarely cross wider valleys, thus precluding migrations to distant, yet more suitable habitats. Colony growth is also influenced by precipitation in the form of rain in combination with damp and cold weather during the breeding time, whereas the amount of precipitation in the gestation period does not constitute an influencing factor. The altitude plays a role in combination with other factors, such as the decrease in forest density with increasing elevation. Although ibex of all colonies have shown a tendency to ascend to the highest possible altitudes during snowless periods, some populations have also been observed to thrive in very low-lying areas.
    Abstract: Résumé La présente étude s'interroge à la fois sur le fait de savoir si les bouquetins, lâchés en bordure orientale des Alpes, constituent des re-colonisations ou de nouvelles colonisations et, par ailleurs, sur les facteurs qui influencent la dynamique des colonies du Bouquetin dans cette région. Partant de l'hypothèse que, dans le territoire étudié, la topographie doit être considérée comme le facteur limitant de l'extension de l'espèce, les quartiers d'hiver potentiels — rapportés à l'ensemble de l'espace vital — ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation qualitative, laquelle a été confrontée ensuite aux taux d'accroissement respectifs. Dans tous les espaces vitaux étudiés, le développement des populations est d'abord influencé par l'effet conjugué de la topographie et des précipitations sous forme de neige. Cet effet conjoint est amplifié par l'éparpillement et l'isolement des petits massifs sur lesquels ces colonies se sont créées et subsistent désormais: le Bouquetin ne traversant en effet que rarement des vallées larges, il ne peut donc entreprendre des migrations vers des quartiers appropriés plus éloignés. Parmi d'autres facteurs agissant sur la dynamique de la colonie, il y a lieu de citer surtout la pluviosité qui règne au cours de la période de mise bas, en liaison avec des conditions atmosphériques humides et froides. La pluviosité au cours de la période de gestation est, quant à elle, restée sans effet. Au fur et à mesure qu'elle croît, l'altitude, en lien avec d'autres facteurs tels que par exemple la diminution du couvert forestier, joue un rôle croissant. Bien que, pendant la période sans neige, le Bouquetin manifeste partout une tendance à monter le plus loin possible en altitude, des populations peuvent également coloniser avec succès des quartiers situés à basse altitude, le plus souvent cependant avec l'intervention de l'homme.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie befaßt sich neben der Frage, ob es sich bei dem am Ostalpenrand ausgesetzten Steinwild um Wieder- oder Neuansiedlungen handelt, mit Faktoren, die die Populationsentwicklung von Steinwildkolonien in diesem Gebiet beeinflussen. Aufbauend auf der Hypothese, daß im Untersuchungsgebiet als limitierender Faktor für das Wachstum der Kolonien hauptsächlich die Topographie des Winterlebensraumes angesehen werden muß, werden die möglichen Wintereinstände — bezogen auf den Gesamtlebensraum — in den einzelnen Kolonien bewertet und ihre Qualität den jeweiligen Zuwachsraten gegenübergestellt. In allen untersuchten Lebensräumen wird die Entwicklung der Populationen in erster Linie durch das Zusammenspiel zwischen Topographie und Winterniederschlägen in Form von Schnee beeinflußt. Dieses Wechselspiel wird durch die häufig sehr kleinen, isolierten Gebirgsstöcke, auf denen die Kolonien gegründet wurden und leben noch verstärkt, da das Steinwild nur selten breitere Täler durchquert und so weitere Wanderungen zu geeigneteren Einständen nicht stattfinden können. An anderen Faktoren beeinflussen vor allem Niederschläge in Form von Regen in Verbindung mit feucht-kalter Witterung zur Setzzeit das Wachstum der Kolonie. Die Niederschlagsmenge in der Trächtigkeitsperiode war ohne Einfluß. Die Seehöhe spielt in Verbindung mit anderen Faktoren wie beispielsweise der Abnahme des Waldes mit zunehmender Seehöhe eine Rolle. Zwar zeigt das Steinwild in allen Kolonien die Tendenz, in der schneefreien Zeit so weit wie möglich nach oben zu steigen, dennoch können sich mitunter auch sehr nieder gelegene Populationen gut entwickeln.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract To determine the extent of comparability of sampling and analytical procedures for atmospheric mercury (Hg) being used by different scientific groups around the world and hence the compatibility of measurement results, the Atmospheric Environment Service (AES) co-ordinated a field intercomparison study in Windsor, Ontario, over a period of 5 days- during Sept./Oct.,1993. This study brought together 2 groups (University of Michigan Air Quality Laboratory; Chemistry Institute of GKSS) which performed conventional (manual) sample collection procedures for total gaseous mercury (TGM) and for particulate-phase mercury (PPM), followed by cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometric (CVAFS) analysis in the respective laboratories. Two other groups (Ontario Hydro, and the Ontario Ministry of Environment & Energy) each operated a novel mercury vapor analyzer produced by Tekran Inc. of Toronto. As is the case for the manual methods, this analyzer also uses gold amalgamation and CVAFS. During the intercomparison, meteorological parameters (air temperature, barometric pressure, wind speed/direction and relative humidity) were obtained at the study site.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 941-950 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The phenomena of cold condensation and fractionation of chemical contaminants on a global scale are discussed. The net result of these phenomena is that concentrations of certain atmospherically transported contaminants are higher than expected in the condensed, i.e. non gaseous media of water, soils, sediments and biota as a result of the temperature dependence of partitioning and transport phenomena. It is argued that the phenomena are best investigated by a combination of monitoring and modeling. This approach is illustrated in the form of a nine meridional segment model for hexachlorocyclohexane. It is suggested that this approach should be applied to Hg, but this is not presently possible because of the lack of data on Hg species properties and conversion rates. Available data have been used to test the hypothesis that lower temperatures cause enhanced partitioning from the atmosphere to a lake ecosystem at low temperatures by compiling a three species model of an atmosphere-water-sediment-fish system at 25 °C and 0 °C. Preliminary results show that the effect of this drop in temperature is to cause increases in concentrations throughout the aquatic ecosystem of factors of three to four, other factors being equal. Thus it is likely that a comprehensive global model will show that Hg is subject to the global fractionation phenomenon. It is recommended that attempts be made to develop such a model.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Al effect ; microprobe analysis ; nutrient uptake ; pH effect ; Picea abies ; stable isotope labelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a model system using intact spruce trees (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) we followed the path of magnesium, calcium and potassium during uptake into the root and during long-range transport into the shoot, by multiple stable isotope labelling. The roots of two- and three-year-old spruce trees originating from soil culture were removed from the soil and, in part or in toto, exposed to labelling solutions containing the stable isotopes 25Mg or 26Mg, 41K and 42Ca or 44Ca. Optical-emission-spectroscopy (ICP-OES) of plant fractions and labelling solutions was combined with the quantitative analysis of stable isotope ratios in sections of shock frozen, cryosubstituted material using the laser-microprobe-mass-analyser (LAMMA). This combination allowed us to distinguish, both in bulk samples and on the cellular level between (i) the fraction of elements originally present in the plant before the start of the labelling, (ii) the material taken up from the labelling solution into the plant and (iii) any material released by the plant into the labelling solution. In single-root labelling experiments, roots of three-year-old spruce trees, grown in nursery soil, were exposed to various pH conditions. The exchange of Mg and Ca with the labelling solution was nearly 100% in the cell walls of the mycorrhized finest roots. This exchange was only slightly affected by a step down to pH 3.5. The absolute Mg and Ca content in the cell walls was moderately reduced by incubation at pH 3.5 and strongly reduced in the presence of Al at this pH. After a pH 3.5 and 2 mM Al treatment we found Al in the xylem cell walls and the cortex cell lumina at elevated concentrations. To analyse the combined effect of high Al and high proton concentrations on the long-range transport, we used a “split-root system”. The root mass of an intact two-year-old spruce tree, grown in mineral soil, was divided into even parts and both halves incubated in solutions with two sets of different stable isotopes of Mg and Ca (side A: no Al, 25Mg and 42Ca; side B: +Al, 26Mg and 44Ca) and 41K on both sides. We observed a large uptake of Mg, Ca and K into the plant and a pronounced release. The net uptake of all three elements was lower from the Al-doted solution. In cross-sections of the apical shoot we found after seven-day labelling period about 60–70% of the Mg and Ca and 30% of the K content in the xylem cell walls originating from both labelling solutions. The clear majority of the Mg and Ca label originated from the Al-doted side.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 112 (1999), S. 279-295 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: ambient air ; chemical analysis ; mercury ; particulatemercury ; speciation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Total particulate mercury (TPM) may constitute, in general, a small percentage by mass of total atmospheric mercury, but under certain conditions it can be a very significant form of atmospheric Hg, and play an important role in the deposition of mercury to terrestrial and aquatic cosystems. To understand the cycling and distribution of mercury in the environment, accurate determination of the total concentration and speciation of TPM are necessary. This article provides a review of scientific and technical literature published in the past 5 yr pertaining to sampling and analytical methodologies for the determination and chemical speciation of TPM in ambient air. Sampling methods discussed include the conventional filtration method and the diffusion denuder-based technique. Analytical techniques, such as gold-amalgamation/cold-vapor spectrometry, and nuclear methods, are summarized.
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