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  • 2015-2019  (9)
  • 2005-2009  (23)
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  • 1
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    First In-Orbit Experience of TerraSAR-X Flight Dynamics Operations (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: TerraSAR-X is an advanced synthetic aperture radar satellite system for scientific and commercial applications that is realized in a public-private partnership between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Astrium GmbH. TerraSAR-X was launched at June 15, 2007 on top of a Russian DNEPR-1 rocket into a 514 km sun-synchronous dusk-dawn orbit with an 11-day repeat cycle and will be operated for a period of at least 5 years during which it will provide high resolution SAR-data in the X-band. Due to the objectives of the interferometric campaigns the satellite has to comply to tight orbit control requirements, which are formulated in the form of a 250 m toroidal tube around a pre-flight determined reference trajectory (see [1] for details). The acquisition of the reference orbit was one of the main and key activities during the Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP) and had to compensate for both injection errors and spacecraft safe mode attitude control thruster activities. The paper summarizes the activities of GSOC flight dynamics team during both LEOP and early Commissioning Phase, where the main tasks have been 1) the first-acquisition support via angle-tracking and GPS-based orbit determination, 2) maneuver planning for target orbit acquisition and maintenance, and 3) precise orbit and attitude determination for SAR processing support. Furthermore, a presentation on the achieved results and encountered problems will be addressed.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Space Flight Dynamics; NASA/CP-2007-214158
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Spaceborne Autonomous and Ground Based Relative Orbit Control for the TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X Formation (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: TerraSAR-X (TSX) and TanDEM-X (TDX) are two advanced synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites flying in formation. SAR interferometry allows a high resolution imaging of the Earth by processing SAR images obtained from two slightly different orbits. TSX operates as a repeat-pass interferometer in the first phase of its lifetime and will be supplemented after two years by TDX in order to produce digital elevation models (DEM) with unprecedented accuracy. Such a flying formation makes indeed possible a simultaneous interferometric data acquisition characterized by highly flexible baselines with range of variations between a few hundreds meters and several kilometers [1]. TSX has been successfully launched on the 15th of June, 2007. TDX is expected to be launched on the 31st of May, 2009. A safe and robust maintenance of the formation is based on the concept of relative eccentricity/inclination (e/i) vector separation whose efficiency has already been demonstrated during the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) [2]. Here, the satellite relative motion is parameterized by mean of relative orbit elements and the key idea is to align the relative eccentricity and inclination vectors to minimize the hazard of a collision. Previous studies have already shown the pertinence of this concept and have described the way of controlling the formation using an impulsive deterministic control law [3]. Despite the completely different relative orbit control requirements, the same approach can be applied to the TSX/TDX formation. The task of TDX is to maintain the close formation configuration by actively controlling its relative motion with respect to TSX, the leader of the formation. TDX must replicate the absolute orbit keeping maneuvers executed by TSX and also compensate the natural deviation of the relative e/i vectors. In fact the relative orbital elements of the formation tend to drift because of the secular non-keplerian perturbations acting on both satellites. The goal of the ground segment is thus to regularly correct this configuration by performing small orbit correction maneuvers on TDX. The ground station contacts are limited due to the geographic position of the station and the costs for contact time. Only with a polar ground station a contact visibility is possible every orbit for LEO satellites. TSX and TDX use only the Weilheim ground station (in the southern part of Germany) during routine operations. This station allows two scheduled contact per day for the nominal orbit configuration, meaning that the satellite conditions can be checked with an interval of 12 hours. While this limitation is usually not critical for single satellite operations, the visibility constraints drive the achievable orbit control accuracy for a LEO formation if a ground based approach is chosen. Along-track position uncertainties and maneuver execution errors affect the relative motion and can be compensated only after a ground station contact.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Space Flight Dynamics; NASA/CP-2007-214158
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Lusi hydrothermal structure inferred through ambient vibration measurements (2018)
    In:  Marine and Petroleum Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-24
    Description: The spectacular Lusi mud eruption started in northeast Java, Indonesia, the 29th of May 2006 following a M6.3 strike slip seismic event. After the earthquake several mud pools aligned along a NE-SW direction appeared in the Sidoarjo district. The most prominent eruption site was named Lusi. Lusi is located ∼10 km to the NE of the northernmost cone of the Arjuno-Welirang volcanic complex with which it is connected by the Watukosek Fault System. In this study, we applied the HVSR method, which is a common tool used for site effect investigations as well as to infer buried structures and reconstruct sub-surface geology. The method is based on the ratio of the horizontal to vertical components of ground motion and it generally exhibits a peak corresponding to the fundamental frequency of the site. Spectral ratio results highlight a fundamental frequency band between 0.4 and 1.0 Hz in the Lusi neighborhood. We interpret these peaks as related to the velocity lithological contrast at depth between alluvial deposits and bluish grey clay. Our analysis also highlights the presence of a “depocenter”, characterized by fundamental frequency up to 0.3 Hz, which is interpreted as the subsidence caused by withdrawal of mud and fluids from depth (as also shown by the comparison of the HVSR results with gravimetry data). Moreover, in the area of the Lusi vent a broad-band frequency range is related to the Lusi conduit. In this paper, we show that detailed microtremor surveys could be used as a preliminary and fast approach to locate mud conduits with sufficient precision.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Catalogo Macrosismico dei Terremoti Etnei dal 1832 al 2005 (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: La necessità di un catalogo di terremoti specifico per l'Etna deriva dal fatto che il Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani CPTI non consente una caratterizzazione di dettaglio della sismicità a scala del vulcano in quanto riporta solo gli eventi principali selezionati in base a soglie energetiche e finestre spazio-temporali. La frequente sismicità dell'area è eccezionalmente documentata da un'ampia base di dati storici che a partire dal 1800 "rendicontano" con continuità e dovizia di particolari i fenomeni sismici e vulcanici all'Etna. La compilazione del Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Etnei passa attraverso l'utilizzo di questo patrimonio informativo - circa 200 fonti "primarie" analizzate tra studi, relazioni e bollettini - e giunge a definire un quadro completo ed omogeneo sulla sismicità locale negli ultimi 170 anni. È a partire da questo set di dati che si rende possibile lo studio delle sequenze sismiche anche in relazione alle diverse fasi di attività vulcanica, dei meccanismi di rilascio sismico delle faglie attive che attraversano le aree urbanizzate, cioè in definitiva delle relazioni tra processi geodinamici locali e meccanismi eruttivi. Il catalogo, nella versione aggiornata dal 1832 al 2005, riporta 1783 terremoti suddivisi in eventi principali e repliche, dei quali 177 al di sopra della soglia del danno. Per tutti gli eventi è disponibile la base dati di intensità espressa secondo la Scala Macrosismica Europea 1998; complessivamente l'archivio macrosismico contiene 8422 osservazioni al sito. Ogni terremoto è riportato con i seguenti parametri: localizzazione ed intensità epicentrale, magnitudo macrosismica, classe di qualità del dato macrosismico e, ove possibile, struttura sismogenetica cui è associato. Dagli anni '70 in poi sono disponibili anche magnitudo e profondità strumentali. Il catalogo ed il relativo database delle osservazioni macrosismiche è disponibile in rete in formato semplificato. La versione completa, che consente interrogazioni complesse e supporta mappe interattive, è scaricabile dal sito e installabile su PC (solo per Windows).
    Description: Published
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: open
    Keywords: osservazioni Macrosismiche, Terremoti etnei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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  • 5
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    Terremoti con effetti macrosismici in Sicilia orientale nel periodo Gennaio 2002 - Dicembre 2005 (2007)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-20
    Description: Il presente lavoro è costituito dalla raccolta sistematica delle indagini macrosismiche eseguite in occasione dei terremoti più energetici verificatisi in Sicilia orientale dal Gennaio 2002 al Dicembre 2005. Esso rappresenta l’estensione, agli anni più recenti, della compilazione effettuata per il periodo 1999-2001 [Azzaro et al., 2002], e più in generale è inserita nel contesto delle attività di pronto intervento macrosismico effettuate regolarmente in ambito regionale dal 1988. L’esecuzione di rilievi in occasione di eventi sismici significativi è una prassi ormai consolidata nelle attività di monitoraggio dell’INGV, che recentemente ha istituito a tal fine il gruppo di lavoro denominato QUEST (QUick Earthquake Survey Team, DP n° 44 del 25/02/2004). I dati raccolti assolvono ad una duplice funzione: 1) nell’immediatezza di un evento sismico, a definire il quadro degli effetti a supporto degli interventi di Protezione Civile e della Comunità Scientifica; 2) a risolvere lacune e problemi interpretativi dei terremoti del passato attraverso il confronto con gli effetti macrosismici degli eventi attuali. La raccolta sistematica di dati macrosismici anche nel caso di eventi di bassa magnitudo, che interessano estensioni areali limitate come quelle etnee, è comunque importante per l’implementazione di banche dati e cataloghi macrosismici sia a livello locale che nazionale. Nel primo caso è stato aggiornato il catalogo macrosismico dei terremoti etnei [Azzaro et al., 2000], recentemente reso disponibile anche su Internet. Nel secondo caso, la più recente versione del catalogo parametrico dei terremoti italiani [Gruppo di Lavoro CPTI, 2004] utilizzata per la redazione della nuova mappa di pericolosità sismica del territorio nazionale (Ordinanza PCM 3274 del 20/03/2003), incorpora i dati dei terremoti siciliani al di sopra della soglia del danno pubblicati in Azzaro et al. [2002, 2003]. I rilievi macrosismici di seguito riportati sono relativi a tutti i terremoti oltre la soglia del danno verificatisi nel periodo considerato, ovvero a quegli eventi che sono stati avvertiti in modo significativo dalla popolazione (Figura 1). In larga parte si tratta di eventi di area etnea che, soprattutto nel corso del 2002, hanno provocato effetti macrosismici di rilievo. Tra i terremoti regionali riportati, non è incluso il terremoto di Palermo del 2002 per il quale è disponibile uno studio specifico [Azzaro et al., 2003].
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-62
    Description: 1.11. TTC - Osservazioni e monitoraggio macrosismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: NONE ; Sicilia ; terremoti ; macrosismica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    First studies of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in the volcanic region of Mt. Etna (southern Italy) by means of macroseismic intensities (2008)
    Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Results of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA), in terms of macroseismic intensity applied to the Mt. Etna region, are presented. PSHA has been performed using a numerical procedure based on the extensive use of local macroseismic information, as an alternative to the usual Cornell-McGuire methods. The large amount of intensity data available for this area - coming from the Italian intensity database DBMI04 for the regional earthquakes, and from the Etna catalogue for the ‘local’ events - has provided fairly exhaustive seismic site histories (i.e. the data set of macroseismic observations available for a given locality) to estimate the seismic hazard for 402 localities on the volcano. In order to improve the completeness of the site catalogue when historical information is missing, observed intensity data have been integrated with values calculated from epicentral information obtained by using an attenuation law specific for the Etna region. Using a probability distribution considering the completeness of the input database and the uncertainty of intensity data, the hazard in terms of maximum intensity (Iexp) characterised by a 10% probability of exceedance in an exposure time of 50 years, has been computed. The highest values ( Iexp = IX or X) are found in the south-eastern flank of Mt. Etna while the rest of the volcano is exposed to a lower hazard (Iexp = VIII). Despite the low energy (M≤4.8) compared with that of the large regional earthquakes affecting the area (6.6≤M≤7.4), the local events strongly influence the pattern of the hazard in the eastern sector of Mt. Etna, representing a significant, and sole, source of hazard when a shorter exposure time (e.g. 30 years) is considered.
    Description: Published
    Description: 77-91
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: probabilistic sesmic hazard ; macroseismic intentity ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    PROBABILISTIC PROCEDURE TO ESTIMATE THE MACROSEISMIC INTENSITY ATTENUATION IN THE ITALIAN VOLCANIC DISTRICTS (2008)
    14 WCEE
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: In Italian volcanic areas, we apply a probabilistic procedure for Macroseismic Intensity Attenuation estimates. The procedure, following the Bayesian approach, allows to exploit additional information on historical earthquakes. The method, given the epicentral intensity and the site epicenter distance, begins from selected earthquakes intensity data points and ends at the assessment of the intensity (Is) probability distribution at a site. Our probabilistic method provides a probability function matrix that can be directly applied for the computation of probabilistic seismic hazard at the site.
    Description: China Earthquake Administratio; Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, China; International Association for Earthquake Engineering (IAEE); Chinese Association of Earthquake Engineering (CAEE)
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Beijing, China
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Attenuation ; macroseismic intensity ; probability of the intensity at a site ; seismic hazard assessment ; Italian volcanic districts ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 8
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    MACROMAP: Una Utility per MAPINFO™ per la georeferenziazione di dati macrosismici e la loro rappresentazione cartografica (2008)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Questo lavoro presenta una utility per il GIS MapInfo™ sviluppata per l'archiviazione ed elaborazione dei dati macrosismici dalla fase di georeferenziazione fino al plottaggio finale su mappa. L'identificazione della località associata con un'osservazione macrosismica è un'operazione che talvolta può causare errori ed in seguito problemi nell'analisi ed interpretazione dei dati. La routine MacroMap fornisce uno strumento che in modo semplice e veloce aiuti nell'identificazione della corretta località a cui attribuire l'informazione macrosismica durante lo studio di un terremoto. L'utility è strutturata per utilizzare il formato della directory geografica DIR04 e le procedure adottate nella compilazione del DataBase Macrosismico Italiano DBMI04. MacroMap è stata sperimentata "sul campo" durante alcune indagini macrosismiche e tiene conto dell'esperienza e dei suggerimenti degli operatori del Gruppo QUEST (QUick Earthquake Survey Team). I campi di utilizzo di MacroMap vanno dalla realizzazione speditiva di mappe e tabelle per la produzione di report macrosismici per la Protezione Civile, alla revisione di terremoti storici, grazie all'avanzato sistema di query disponibile per la selezione dei toponimi del database geografico.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-21
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Osservazioni macrosismiche ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Terremoti con effetti macrosismici in Sicilia orientale nel periodo Gennaio 2009 - Dicembre 2013 (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Sono analizzati ed elaborati i dati dei rilievi macrosismici relativi ai terremoti verificatisi in Sicilia nel periodo 2009-2013. Si tratta di eventi che hanno provocato effetti macrosismici di rilievo e/o danneggiamento per la maggior parte localizzati nellâ area etnea, cui si aggiungono alcuni terremoti di magnitudo moderata, legati a sequenze sismiche significative verificatisi nei settori ibleo, peloritano e eoliano. I dati sono stati raccolti e elaborati secondo le procedure operative di prassi adottate in questi casi dal gruppo QUEST (ex-TTC 1.11 â Osservazioni e monitoraggio macrosismico del territorio nazionaleâ ) dellâ INGV, e successivamente parametrizzati secondo gli standard adottati per la compilazione del catalogo CPTI e banca dati macrosismica DBMI (ex-TTC 5.1 â Banche dati e metodi macrosismiciâ ).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-57
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Macroseismic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    The earthquake of 6 September 2002 and the seismic history of Palermo (Northern Sicily, Italy): Implications for the seismic hazard assessment of the city (2005)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: On September 6, 2002, aML =5.6 earthquake, occurring some tens of kilometres offshore from the Northern Sicilian coast (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea), slightly damaged the city of Palermo and surroundings (degree 6 in the European Macroseismic Scale 1998). The macroseismic investigation of the shock and a detailed study of effects of the main earthquakes which affected Palermo in the past have been performed in order to evaluate the seismic response of the city. Moreover, the comparison of the recent event, which is instrumentally constrained, with historical earthquakes allows us to infer new insights on the seismogenic sources of the area, that seem located offshore in the Tyrrhenian sea. In the last 500 years, Palermo has never been completely destroyed but has suffered effects estimated between intensities 6 and 8 EMS-98 many times (1693, 1726, 1751, 1823, 1940, 1968, 2002). The damage scenarios of the analysed events have shown that damage distribution is strongly conditioned by soil response in the different parts of the city and by a high building vulnerability, mainly in the historical centre and in the south-eastern zone of the modern city. As a matter of fact, Palermo has always suffered greater effects than those reported for other nearby localities. The hazard assessment obtained using observed site intensities has shown that the probability of occurrence for intensity 8 (the strongest intensity observed in Palermo) exceeds 99% for 550 years, while the estimated mean return period is 152 ± 40 years. These results, in connection with building vulnerability due to the urban expansion before the introduction of seismic code, suggest that the city is exposed to a relatively high seismic risk.
    Description: Published
    Description: 525-543
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: intensity ; damage ; earthquakes ; Italy ; macroseismics ; Palermo ; seismic hazard ; vulnerability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 513 bytes
    Format: 1263995 bytes
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