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  • American Geophysical Union  (70)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 2015-2019  (18)
  • 2005-2009  (58)
  • 1990-1994  (10)
  • 1
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    Validation of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder HNO3 Measurements (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: We assess the quality of the version 2.2 (v2.2) HNO3 measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Earth Observing System Aura satellite. The MLS HNO3 product has been greatly improved over that in the previous version (v1.5), with smoother profiles, much more realistic behavior at the lowest retrieval levels, and correction of a high bias caused by an error in one of the spectroscopy files used in v1.5 processing. The v2.2 HNO3 data are scientifically useful over the range 215 to 3.2 hPa, with single-profile precision of 0.7 ppbv throughout. Vertical resolution is 3–4 km in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, degrading to 5 km in the middle and upper stratosphere. The impact of various sources of systematic uncertainty has been quantified through a comprehensive set of retrieval simulations. In aggregate, systematic uncertainties are estimated to induce in the v2.2 HNO3 measurements biases that vary with altitude between ±0.5 and ±2 ppbv and multiplicative errors of ±5–15% throughout the stratosphere, rising to ±30% at 215 hPa. Consistent with this uncertainty analysis, comparisons with correlative data sets show that relative to HNO3 measurements from ground-based, balloon-borne, and satellite instruments operating in both the infrared and microwave regions of the spectrum, MLS v2.2 HNO3 mixing ratios are uniformly low by 10–30% throughout most of the stratosphere. Comparisons with in situ measurements made from the DC-8 and WB-57 aircraft in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere indicate that the MLS HNO3 values are low in this region as well, but are useful for scientific studies (with appropriate averaging).
    Description: Published
    Description: D24S40
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: satellite validation ; stratospheric HNO3 ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Geomorphic constraints on listric thrust faulting: Implications for active deformation in the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-09
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 3
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    Innate immune recognition of glycans targets HIV nanoparticle immunogens to germinal centers (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉In vaccine design, arraying antigens in a multivalent nanoparticle form is often employed, but in vivo mechanisms underlying the enhanced immunity elicited by such vaccines remain poorly understood. Here we compared the fate of two different heavily glycosylated HIV antigens, a gp120-derived mini-protein and a large, stabilized envelope trimer, in protein nanoparticle or "free" forms following primary immunization. Unlike monomeric antigens, nanoparticles were rapidly shuttled to the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network and then concentrated in germinal centers in a complement-, mannose-binding lectin (MBL)–, and immunogen glycan–dependent manner. Loss of FDC localization in MBL-deficient mice or via immunogen deglycosylation significantly impacted antibody responses. These findings identify an innate immune-mediated recognition pathway promoting antibody responses to particulate antigens, with broad implications for humoral immunity and vaccine design.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Innate immune recognition of glycans targets HIV nanoparticle immunogens to germinal centers (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉In vaccine design, antigens are often arrayed in a multivalent nanoparticle form, but in vivo mechanisms underlying the enhanced immunity elicited by such vaccines remain poorly understood. We compared the fates of two different heavily glycosylated HIV antigens, a gp120-derived mini-protein and a large, stabilized envelope trimer, in protein nanoparticle or "free" forms after primary immunization. Unlike monomeric antigens, nanoparticles were rapidly shuttled to the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network and then concentrated in germinal centers in a complement-, mannose-binding lectin (MBL)–, and immunogen glycan–dependent manner. Loss of FDC localization in MBL-deficient mice or via immunogen deglycosylation significantly affected antibody responses. These findings identify an innate immune–mediated recognition pathway promoting antibody responses to particulate antigens, with broad implications for humoral immunity and vaccine design.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Further scrutiny of scientific whaling (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brownell, R L Jr -- Tillman, M F -- di Sciara, G N -- Berggren, P -- Read, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 1;290(5497):1696a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17798206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Light-directed, spatially addressable parallel chemical synthesis (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-02-15
    Description: Solid-phase chemistry, photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography have been combined to achieve light-directed, spatially addressable parallel chemical synthesis to yield a highly diverse set of chemical products. Binary masking, one of many possible combinatorial synthesis strategies, yields 2n compounds in n chemical steps. An array of 1024 peptides was synthesized in ten steps, and its interaction with a monoclonal antibody was assayed by epifluorescence microscopy. High-density arrays formed by light-directed synthesis are potentially rich sources of chemical diversity for discovering new ligands that bind to biological receptors and for elucidating principles governing molecular interactions. The generality of this approach is illustrated by the light-directed synthesis of a dinucleotide. Spatially directed synthesis of complex compounds could also be used for microfabrication of devices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fodor, S P -- Read, J L -- Pirrung, M C -- Stryer, L -- Lu, A T -- Solas, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 15;251(4995):767-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Affymax Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Mathematics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides/chemical synthesis ; Oligopeptides/*chemical synthesis ; Photochemistry/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Temperature and composition of Saturn's polar hot spots and hexagon (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-05
    Description: Saturn's poles exhibit an unexpected symmetry in hot, cyclonic polar vortices, despite huge seasonal differences in solar flux. The cores of both vortices are depleted in phosphine gas, probably resulting from subsidence of air into the troposphere. The warm cores are present throughout the upper troposphere and stratosphere at both poles. The thermal structure associated with the marked hexagonal polar jet at 77 degrees N has been observed for the first time. Both the warm cyclonic belt at 79 degrees N and the cold anticyclonic zone at 75 degrees N exhibit the hexagonal structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fletcher, L N -- Irwin, P G J -- Orton, G S -- Teanby, N A -- Achterberg, R K -- Bjoraker, G L -- Read, P L -- Simon-Miller, A A -- Howett, C -- de Kok, R -- Bowles, N -- Calcutt, S B -- Hesman, B -- Flasar, F M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 4;319(5859):79-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1149514.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. fletcher@atm.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Genomics. Genome project standards in a new era of sequencing (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3854948/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3854948/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chain, P S G -- Grafham, D V -- Fulton, R S -- Fitzgerald, M G -- Hostetler, J -- Muzny, D -- Ali, J -- Birren, B -- Bruce, D C -- Buhay, C -- Cole, J R -- Ding, Y -- Dugan, S -- Field, D -- Garrity, G M -- Gibbs, R -- Graves, T -- Han, C S -- Harrison, S H -- Highlander, S -- Hugenholtz, P -- Khouri, H M -- Kodira, C D -- Kolker, E -- Kyrpides, N C -- Lang, D -- Lapidus, A -- Malfatti, S A -- Markowitz, V -- Metha, T -- Nelson, K E -- Parkhill, J -- Pitluck, S -- Qin, X -- Read, T D -- Schmutz, J -- Sozhamannan, S -- Sterk, P -- Strausberg, R L -- Sutton, G -- Thomson, N R -- Tiedje, J M -- Weinstock, G -- Wollam, A -- Genomic Standards Consortium Human Microbiome Project Jumpstart Consortium -- Detter, J C -- U54 HG004968/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 9;326(5950):236-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1180614.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA. pchain@lanl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computational Biology ; Databases, Nucleic Acid/*standards ; *Genome ; Genomics/*standards ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*standards
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Microbiology. Mosquitoes cut short (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, Andrew F -- Thomas, Matthew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):51-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1168659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. a.read@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/genetics/*microbiology/physiology/virology ; Animals ; Dengue/prevention & control/transmission ; Dengue Virus/*growth & development ; Female ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/genetics/*microbiology/physiology/virology ; Longevity ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; Male ; Pest Control, Biological ; Selection, Genetic ; Virulence ; Wolbachia/genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Titan's atmospheric temperatures, winds, and composition (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-17
    Description: Temperatures obtained from early Cassini infrared observations of Titan show a stratopause at an altitude of 310 kilometers (and 186 kelvin at 15 degrees S). Stratospheric temperatures are coldest in the winter northern hemisphere, with zonal winds reaching 160 meters per second. The concentrations of several stratospheric organic compounds are enhanced at mid- and high northern latitudes, and the strong zonal winds may inhibit mixing between these latitudes and the rest of Titan. Above the south pole, temperatures in the stratosphere are 4 to 5 kelvin cooler than at the equator. The stratospheric mole fractions of methane and carbon monoxide are (1.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(-2) and (4.5 +/- 1.5) x 10(-5), respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flasar, F M -- Achterberg, R K -- Conrath, B J -- Gierasch, P J -- Kunde, V G -- Nixon, C A -- Bjoraker, G L -- Jennings, D E -- Romani, P N -- Simon-Miller, A A -- Bezard, B -- Coustenis, A -- Irwin, P G J -- Teanby, N A -- Brasunas, J -- Pearl, J C -- Segura, M E -- Carlson, R C -- Mamoutkine, A -- Schinder, P J -- Barucci, A -- Courtin, R -- Fouchet, T -- Gautier, D -- Lellouch, E -- Marten, A -- Prange, R -- Vinatier, S -- Strobel, D F -- Calcutt, S B -- Read, P L -- Taylor, F W -- Bowles, N -- Samuelson, R E -- Orton, G S -- Spilker, L J -- Owen, T C -- Spencer, J R -- Showalter, M R -- Ferrari, C -- Abbas, M M -- Raulin, F -- Edgington, S -- Ade, P -- Wishnow, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):975-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15894528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon Monoxide ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Hydrocarbons ; *Methane ; *Nitriles ; *Saturn ; Spacecraft ; Temperature ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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