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  • Other Sources  (27)
  • GSA, Geological Society of America  (12)
  • GFZ Data Services  (8)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 2015-2019  (12)
  • 2010-2014  (15)
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
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    Northeastern Atlantic cold-water coral reefs and climate (2011)
    GSA, Geological Society of America
    In:  Geology, 39 (8). pp. 743-746.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-21
    Description: Ecological and taxonomic study of the mollusk-rich fauna of the Golfe d’Arguin, North Mauritania, investigates the various environmental influences affecting this tropical shelf. The upwelling of nutrient-rich waters leads to a highly productive environment under tropical conditions. The resulting mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sediment contains a large portion of calcareous components produced by heterotrophic organisms— e.g., mollusks, foraminifers, worms, barnacles—that are reworked on the open shelf. On the basis of mollusk assemblages, six taphocoenoses are defined, all being characterized by a mixed fauna of tropical (e.g., Tellina densestriata), subtropical (e.g., Macoma cumana) and temperate (e.g., Spisula subtruncata) species. Differences between the assemblages are related to the medium—grain size ranging from mud to gravel—that results from local hydrodynamic conditions and water depth. Among carbonate grains, Donax burnupi shells are very abundant in the swellexposed, northern part of the Golfe d’Arguin and reflect the tropical to subtropical, high-energy, and high-nutrient waters. Mollusk assemblages are demonstrated to be a sensitive tool for deciphering complex environmental conditions in sedimentary archives.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Transatlantic distribution of the Alaskan White River Ash (2014)
    GSA, Geological Society of America
    In:  Geology, 42 (10). pp. 875-878.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-17
    Description: Volcanic ash layers preserved within the geologic record represent precise time markers that correlate disparate depositional environments and enable the investigation of synchronous and/or asynchronous behaviors in Earth system and archaeological sciences. However, it is generally assumed that only exceptionally powerful events, such as supereruptions (≥450 km3 of ejecta as dense-rock equivalent; recurrence interval of ∼105 yr), distribute ash broadly enough to have an impact on human society, or allow us to address geologic, climatic, and cultural questions on an intercontinental scale. Here we use geochemical, age, and morphological evidence to show that the Alaskan White River Ash (eastern lobe; A.D. 833–850) correlates to the “AD860B” ash (A.D. 846–848) found in Greenland and northern Europe. These occurrences represent the distribution of an ash over 7000 km, linking marine, terrestrial, and ice-core records. Our results indicate that tephra from more moderate-size eruptions, with recurrence intervals of ∼100 yr, can have substantially greater distributions than previously thought, with direct implications for volcanic dispersal studies, correlation of widely distributed proxy records, and volcanic hazard assessment.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 363 (6426). pp. 516-521.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: To provide an observational basis for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections of a slowing Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the 21st century, the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) observing system was launched in the summer of 2014. The first 21-month record reveals a highly variable overturning circulation responsible for the majority of the heat and freshwater transport across the OSNAP line. In a departure from the prevailing view that changes in deep water formation in the Labrador Sea dominate MOC variability, these results suggest that the conversion of warm, salty, shallow Atlantic waters into colder, fresher, deep waters that move southward in the Irminger and Iceland basins is largely responsible for overturning and its variability in the subpolar basin.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    The PROFOUND database for evaluating vegetation models and simulating climate impacts on forests (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 5
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    Persistent Nordic deep-water overflow to the glacial North Atlantic (2011)
    GSA, Geological Society of America
    In:  Geology, 39 (6). pp. 515-518.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-15
    Description: North Atlantic climate is very sensitive to overturning in the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) Seas, overflow of deep water into the North Atlantic via the Greenland-Iceland-Scotland Ridge, and compensating northward flow of warm surface water. Physical models suggest that, in the absence of such overturning, oceanic heat transport to the Northern Hemisphere is reduced by as much as 50%, open North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures are as much as 6 °C lower, and the winter sea-ice limit migrates as far south as 45°N. Although simulations of the equilibrium climate state for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) suggest the absence of GIN Seas overflow, tests of these model results have been hampered by ambiguity in sedimentary proxies. Here we present a bottom-water neodymium (Nd) isotope record from the Rockall Trough to investigate changes in the sources of circulating waters over the past 43 k.y. Today and throughout most of the Holocene, water from the GIN Seas, along with water from the North Atlantic Current (NAC) entrained during overflow, sets the bottom-water Nd isotope composition of the Rockall Trough to ∼–10. Our results suggest the persistence of this scenario back into the LGM and beyond to mid-Marine Isotope Stage 3. Periodic radiogenic excursions punctuate the record at times of meltwater events, implying either continued GIN Seas overflow without NAC entrainment, or millennial-scale interruptions in the overflow and shoaling of Southern Source Water. We conclude that overflow was at least intermittently present during the LGM, if not continuous, and that the GIN Seas have remained a source of deep water to the North Atlantic during the last glacial cycle.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Island outlook: Warm and swampy (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 345 (6203). p. 1461.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: In his In Depth News story “Warming may not swamp islands” (1 August, p. 496), C. Pala argues that “coral reefs supporting sandy atoll islands will grow and rise in tandem with the sea,” based largely on studies that showed stable Pacific-island area over recent decades (1–4). He suggests that recent land losses are driven mostly by bad choices and that islanders are being affected “for the same reason as millions of people on the continents: because they live too close to shore.” We disagree with these conclusions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Boiling-induced formation of colloidal gold in black smoker hydrothermal fluids (2018)
    GSA, Geological Society of America
    In:  Geology, 46 (1). pp. 39-42.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Gold colloids occur in black smoker fluids from the Niua South hydrothermal vent field, Lau Basin (South Pacific Ocean), confirming the long-standing hypothesis that gold may undergo colloidal transport in hydrothermal fluids. Six black smoker vents, varying in temperature from 250 °C to 325 °C, were sampled; the 325 °C vent was boiling at the time of sampling and the 250 °C fluids were diffusely venting. Native gold particles ranging from 〈50 nm to 2 μm were identified in 4 of the fluid samples and were also observed to precipitate on the sampler during collection from the boiling vent. Total gold concentrations (dissolved and particulate) in the fluid samples range from 1.6 to 5.4 nM in the high-temperature, focused flow vents. Although the gold concentrations in the focused flow fluids are relatively high, they are lower than potential solubilities prior to boiling and indicate that precipitation was boiling induced, with sulfide lost upon boiling to exsolution and metal sulfide formation. Gold concentrations reach 26.7 nM in the 250 °C diffuse flow sample, and abundant native gold particles were also found in the fluids and associated sulfide chimney and are interpreted to be a product of colloid accumulation and growth following initial precipitation upon boiling. These results indicate that colloid-driven precipitation as a result of boiling, the persistence of colloids after boiling, and the accumulation of colloids in diffuse flow fluids are important mechanisms for the enrichment of gold in seafloor hydrothermal systems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    A warm and poorly ventilated deep Arctic Mediterranean during the last glacial period (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 349 (6249). pp. 706-710.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-04
    Description: Changes in the formation of dense water in the Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas [the “Arctic Mediterranean” (AM)] probably contributed to the altered climate of the last glacial period. We examined past changes in AM circulation by reconstructing radiocarbon ventilation ages of the deep Nordic Seas over the past 30,000 years. Our results show that the glacial deep AM was extremely poorly ventilated (ventilation ages of up to 10,000 years). Subsequent episodic overflow of aged water into the mid-depth North Atlantic occurred during deglaciation. Proxy data also suggest that the deep glacial AM was ~2° to 3°C warmer than modern temperatures; deglacial mixing of the deep AM with the upper ocean thus potentially contributed to the melting of sea ice, icebergs, and terminal ice-sheet margins.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Are subduction zones invading the Atlantic? Evidence from the southwest Iberia margin (2013)
    GSA, Geological Society of America
    In:  Geology, 41 (8). pp. 839-842.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-27
    Description: Subduction initiation at passive margins plays a central role in the plate tectonics theory. However, the process by which a passive margin becomes active is not well understood. In this paper we use the southwest Iberia margin (SIM) in the Atlantic Ocean to study the process of passive margin reactivation. Currently there are two tectonic mechanisms operating in the SIM: migration of the Gibraltar Arc and Africa-Eurasia convergence. Based on a new tectonic map, we propose that a new subduction zone is forming at the SIM as a result of both propagation of compressive stresses from the Gibraltar Arc and stresses related to the large-scale Africa-Eurasia convergence. The Gibraltar Arc and the SIM appear to be connected and have the potential to develop into a new eastern Atlantic subduction system. Our work suggests that the formation of new subduction zones in Atlantic-type oceans may not require the spontaneous foundering of its passive margins. Instead, subduction can be seen as an invasive process that propagates from ocean to ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    225 years of Bering Sea climate and ecosystem dynamics revealed by coralline algal growth-increment widths (2011)
    GSA, Geological Society of America
    In:  Geology, 39 (6). pp. 579-582. Date online first: 2011
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-18
    Description: Bering Sea climate and ecosystem dynamics have recently undergone major changes that have affected seasonal sea ice distribution and marine life, including commercially important salmon fisheries. Unfortunately, long-term Bering Sea dynamics are poorly understood, largely because of an absence of high-resolution marine proxy archives. Here we present the first record compiled from annual growth-increment widths of long-lived coralline algae collected in shallow-water habitats spanning the entire Aleutian Islands. While algal growth in the Aleutians exhibits a variable relationship with regional temperatures, it is strongly driven by changes in solar radiation reaching the seafloor. Therefore, it provides an exceptional archive of long-term light dynamics, which in the Bering Sea is attributed to changes in strength of the Aleutian Low (AL), the dominant climate pattern of the subarctic North Pacific. The AL is positively related to Bering Sea cloudiness and wind strength, which in turn fosters upper-ocean mixing. Mixing raises surface-water nutrient concentrations and stimulates plankton production, which is positively linked to Alaskan salmon abundance. Enhanced clouds and plankton production increase shading on the shallow seafloor and reduce algal growth. Light-driven algal growth rates track proxy-derived salmon abundance from 1782 onward, but are poorly related to temperature-dominated Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) variability prior to the twentieth century. The algal record suggests that the present-day relationship of AL and PDO varied historically and that salmon stocks have been more closely related to AL strength via its effect on plankton abundance rather than PDO-related temperatures.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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