ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: This special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics is one of two volumes containing an augmented collection of papers originating from the Evison Symposium on Seismogenesis and Earthquake Forecasting held in Wellington, New Zealand, in February 2008. The volumes honor Frank Evison's interest in earthquake generation and forecasting. A biography of Frank Evison and a list of his publications is included, as well as review papers and new research papers in the field. The volume includes papers related to Frank's most abiding interest of precursory earthquake swarms. The research contributions cover a range of current forecasting methods such as the Epidemic-Type Aftershock model, the Every Earthquake a precursor According to Scale model, Pattern Informatics, Reverse Tracing of Precursors, stochastic models of elastic rebound, and methods for handling multiple precursors. The methods considered employ a variety of statistical approaches to using previous seismicity to forecast future earthquakes, including regional and global earthquake likelihood models and alarm-type forecasts. The forecast time-frames of interest range from the short time-frame associated with clustering of aftershocks to the long time-frame associated with recurrence of major earthquakes. A recurring theme is the assessment of forecasting performance, whether by likelihood scores, skill scores, error diagrams, or relative operating characteristic tests. The volume will be useful to students and professional researchers who are interested in the earthquake preparation process and in converting that understanding into forecasts of earthquake occurrence.

Description / Table of Contents: The Caledonides are a major orogenic belt that stretches from the Arctic, through Scandinavia, East Greenland, Britain and Ireland into the Atlantic coast of North America. Following the break-up of Rodinia, the Caledonides formed in the Palaeozoic by the drifting of various continents and their eventual aggregation in the Silurian and Devonian. The orogen subsequently fragmented during the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. This volume brings together 25 papers presenting the results of modern research that investigates the orogenic processes and the provenance of specific components of the belt. The contributions reflect different lines of research, linking traditional field studies with modern analytical techniques. In addition three overview papers summarize the main features of the belts in Scandinavia, Svalbard, East Greenland, Britain and Ireland, highlighting the advances made since the last major synthesis of the Scandinavian Caledonides 30 years ago, and discussing important open questions.

Description / Table of Contents: This special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics is the second of two volumes containing an augmented collection of papers originating from the Evison Symposium on Seismogenesis and Earthquake Forecasting held in Wellington, New Zealand, in February 2008. The volumes honor Frank Evison's interest in earthquake generation and forecasting. This volume includes descriptions of earthquake forecasting test centers through the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) program and the first results from the Regional Earthquake Likelihood Model (RELM) experiment in California. Other papers discuss methods of testing predictions, in particular by the use of error diagrams. There is discussion of prediction methodologies using seismicity, including an application of the statistical technique of Hidden Markov Models to identify changes in seismicity and a new technique for identifying precursory quiescence. Several papers employ other data besides seismicity, such as geologically determined faults, calculations of stress changes via Coulomb stress modeling, tomographically determined velocity structure, groundwater, crustal deformation, and comparisons of real earthquakes to synthetic seismicity determined from hypothesized earthquake physics. One paper focuses on the prediction of human casualties in the event that a large earthquake occurs anywhere on the globe. The volume will be useful to students and professional researchers who are interested in the earthquake preparation process and in converting that understanding into forecasts of earthquake occurrence.

Description / Table of Contents: Microbial carbonates (microbialites) are remarkable sedimentary deposits. They have the longest geological range of any type of biogenic limestones, form in the greatest range of different sedimentary environments, oxygenated the Earth's atmosphere and produce and, furthermore, store large volumes of hydrocarbons. This Special Publication provides significant contributions at a pivotal time in our understanding of microbial carbonates when their economic importance has become established and the results of many research programmes are coming to fruition. It is the first book to focus on the economic aspects of microbialites and in particular the giant pre-salt discoveries offshore Brazil. The volume contains papers on the processes involved in the formation of both ancient and modern microbialites and the diversity of style in microbial carbonate build-ups. Structures and fabrics from both marine and non-marine settings are discussed from throughout the geological record.

Description / Table of Contents: The supercontinent-cycle hypothesis attributes planetary-scale episodic tectonic events to an intrinsic self-organizing mode of mantle convection, governed by the buoyancy of continental lithosphere that resists subduction during the closure of old ocean basins, and the consequent reorganization of mantle convection cells leading to the opening of new ocean basins. Characteristic timescales of the cycle are typically 500 to 700 million years. Proposed spatial patterns of cyclicity range from hemispheric (introversion) to antipodal (extroversion), to precisely between those end members (orthoversion). Advances in our understanding can arise from theoretical or numerical modelling, primary data acquisition relevant to continental reconstructions, and spatiotemporal correlations between plate kinematics, geodynamic events and palaeoenvironmental history. The palaeogeographic record of supercontinental tectonics on Earth is still under development. The contributions in this Special Publication provide snapshots in time of these investigations and indicate that Earth's palaeogeographic record incorporates elements of all three end-member spatial patterns.

Description / Table of Contents: Advancing from subaqueous mass movement case studies to providing advice and mitigation / D. Gwyn Lintern, David C. Mosher and Martin Scherwath / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 1-14, 21 June 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477-2018-190 --- Tectonics and mass movements --- The nature of small to medium earthquakes along the Eastern Mediterranean passive continental margins, and their possible relationships to landslides and submarine salt-tectonic-related shallow faults / Oded Katz and Yariv Hamiel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 15-22, 6 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.5 --- Spatial and temporal cross-cutting relationships between fault structures and slope failures along the outer Kumano Basin and Nankai accretionary wedge, SW Japan / J. K. Lackey, G. F. Moore, M. Strasser, A. Kopf and C. S. Ferreira / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 23-36, 6 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.10 --- Evidence for surface sediment remobilization by earthquakes in the Nankai forearc region from sedimentary records / Natsumi Okutsu, Juichiro Ashi, Asuka Yamaguchi, Tomohisa Irino, Ken Ikehara, Toshiya Kanamatsu, Yusuke Suganuma and Masafumi Murayama / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 37-45, 27 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.22 --- Slope failures along the deformation front of the Cascadia margin: linking slide morphology to subduction zone parameters / Michael Riedel, Michelle M. Côté, Morelia Urlaub, Jacob Geersen, Nastasja A. Scholz, Kathrin Naegeli and George D. Spence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 47-67, 27 April 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.33 --- Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault, southeastern Alaska / Daniel S. Brothers, Brian D. Andrews, Maureen A. L. Walton, H. Gary Greene, J. Vaughn Barrie, Nathan C. Miller, Uri ten Brink, Amy E. East, Peter J. Haeussler, Jared W. Kluesner and James E. Conrad / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 69-83, 21 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.30 --- Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault Zone, western British Columbia / H. Gary Greene, J. Vaughn Barrie, Daniel S. Brothers, James E. Conrad, Kim Conway, Amy E. East, Randy Enkin, Katherine L. Maier, Stuart P. Nishenko, Maureen A. L. Walton and Kristin M. M. Rohr / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 85-106, 24 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.31 --- Mass-wasting processes along the margins of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea: insights from multichannel seismic reflection and multibeam echosounder data / Senay Horozal, Jang-Jun Bahk, Sang Hoon Lee, Deniz Cukur, Roger Urgeles, Gil Young Kim, Seong-Pil Kim, Byong-Jae Ryu and Jin-Ho Kim / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 107-119, 30 April 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.18 --- Assessment of the effect of mass-transport deposits on fault propagation in Penobscot area, offshore Nova Scotia / Tuviere Omeru, Samson I. Bankole, Byami A. Jolly, Obafemi S. Seyi and Joses B. Omojola / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 121-131, 27 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.23 --- Open-slope, translational submarine landslide in a tectonically active volcanic continental margin (Licosa submarine landslide, southern Tyrrhenian Sea) / M. Sammartini, A. Camerlenghi, F. Budillon, D. D. Insinga, F. Zgur, A. Conforti, M. Iorio, R. Romeo and R. Tonielli / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 133-150, 24 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.34 --- Mass transport deposits, fluid flow and gas hydrates in passive margins --- Mass wasting along the NW African continental margin / S. Krastel, W. Li, M. Urlaub, A. Georgiopoulou, R. B. Wynn, T. Schwenk, C. Stevenson and P. Feldens / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 151-167, 23 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.36 --- Subsurface controls on the development of the Cape Fear Slide Complex, central US Atlantic Margin / Jenna C. Hill, Daniel S. Brothers, Matthew J. Hornbach, Derek E. Sawyer, Donna J. Shillington and Anne Bécel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 169-181, 28 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.17 --- Repeated large-scale mass-transport deposits and consequent rapid sedimentation in the western part of the Bay of Bengal, India / Yuzuru Yamamoto, Shun Chiyonobu, Toshiya Kanamatsu, Naokazu Ahagon, Kan Aoike, Nana Kamiya, Takanori Ojima, Takehiro Hirose, Takamitsu Sugihara, Saneatsu Saito, Masataka Kinoshita, Yusuke Kubo, Yasuhiro Yamada and NGHP-02 Scientists / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 183-193, 28 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.12 --- Giant mass-transport deposits in the southern Scotia Sea (Antarctica) / Luis Somoza, Teresa Medialdea and Francisco J. González / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 195-205, 6 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.2 --- Submarine landslides offshore Yamba, NSW, Australia: an analysis of their timing, downslope motion and possible causes / Thomas Hubble, Serena Yeung, Samantha Clarke, Alan Baxter and Fabio De Blasio / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 207-222, 30 April 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.11 --- Mass transport deposits in modern and outcrop sedimentology --- Entrainment and abrasion of megaclasts during submarine landsliding and their impact on flow behaviour / D. M. Hodgson, H. L. Brooks, A. Ortiz-Karpf, Y. Spychala, D. R. Lee and C. A.-L. Jackson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 223-240, 28 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.26 --- Preferential formation of a slide plane in translational submarine landslide deposits in a Pleistocene forearc basin fill exposed in east-central Japan / Masayuki Utsunomiya, Atsushi Noda and Makoto Otsubo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 241-253, 23 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.3 --- Formation of excess fluid pressure, sediment fluidization and mass-transport deposits in the Plio-Pleistocene Boso forearc basin, central Japan / Nana Kamiya, Masayuki Utsunomiya, Yuzuru Yamamoto, Junichi Fukuoka, Feng Zhang and Weiren Lin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 255-264, 26 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.20 --- Stratal architecture and evolution of a slope mass-transport complex, Isaac Formation, Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, southern Canadian Cordillera, British Columbia, Canada / Lilian Navarro and R. William C. Arnott / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 265-276, 3 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.24 --- Tsunami risk assessment --- Extending the terrestrial depositional record of marine geohazards in coastal NW British Columbia / David Huntley, Peter Bobrowsky, James Goff, Catherine Chagué, Douglas Stead, Davide Donati and Danial Mariampillai / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 277-292, 27 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.4 --- Tsunami modelling of the 7250 cal years BP Betsiamites submarine landslide / Dominique Turmel, Jacques Locat, Jonathan Leblanc and Geneviève Cauchon-Voyer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 293-301, 6 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.9 --- Bulgarian tsunami on 7 May 2007: numerical investigation of the hypothesis of a submarine-landslide origin / Oleg I. Gusev, Gayaz S. Khakimzyanov and Leonid B. Chubarov / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 303-313, 23 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.6 --- Modelling the 1929 Grand Banks slump and landslide tsunami / Finn Løvholt, Irena Schulten, David Mosher, Carl Harbitz and Sebastian Krastel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 315-331, 17 April 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.28 --- Failure and post-failure analysis of submarine mass movements using geomorphology and geomechanical concepts / Jacques Locat / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 333-351, 30 April 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.27 --- SPLASH: semi-empirical prediction of landslide-generated displacement wave run-up heights / Thierry Oppikofer, Reginald L. Hermanns, Nicholas J. Roberts and Martina Böhme / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 353-366, 17 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.1 --- Assessments of subaqueous mass movements in labs, lakes, fjords and coastal areas --- Morphological characterization of submarine slope failures in a semi-enclosed fjord, Frobisher Bay, eastern Canadian Arctic / Robert Deering, Trevor Bell, Donald L. Forbes, Calvin Campbell and Evan Edinger / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 367-376, 24 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.35 --- New evidence for a major late Quaternary submarine landslide on the external western levee of Laurentian Fan / Alexandre Normandeau, D. Calvin Campbell, David J. W. Piper and Kimberley A. Jenner / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 377-387, 28 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.14 --- Failure dynamics of landslide scars on the lower continental slope of the Tyrrhenian Calabrian margin: insights from an integrated morpho-bathymetric and seismic analysis / Daniele Casalbore, Eleonora Martorelli, Alessandro Bosman, Eleonora Morelli and Francesco Latino Chiocci / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 389-397, 23 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.16 --- Quantitative characterization of subaqueous landslides in Lake Zurich (Switzerland) based on a high-resolution bathymetric dataset / M. Strupler, F. S. Anselmetti, M. Hilbe and M. Strasser / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 399-412, 6 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.7 --- Tsunami hazard from lacustrine mass wasting in Lake Tekapo, New Zealand / Joshu J. Mountjoy, Xiaoming Wang, Susi Woelz, Sean Fitzsimons, Jamie D. Howarth, Alan R. Orpin and William Power / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 413-426, 27 April 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.21 --- Sediment mass movement of a particle-laden turbidity current based on ultrasound velocity profiling and the distribution of sediment concentration / Shun Nomura, Jumpei Hitomi, Giovanni De Cesare, Yasushi Takeda, Yuzuru Yamamoto and Hide Sakaguchi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 427-437, 3 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.19 --- A two-dimensional layer-averaged numerical model for turbidity currents / Shihao Yang, Yi An and Qingquan Liu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 439-454, 23 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.32 --- Policy, classification and providing advice for mitigation --- A consistent global approach for the morphometric characterization of subaqueous landslides / Michael Clare, Jason Chaytor, Oliver Dabson, Davide Gamboa, Aggeliki Georgiopoulou, Harry Eady, James Hunt, Christopher Jackson, Oded Katz, Sebastian Krastel, Ricardo León, Aaron Micallef, Jasper Moernaut, Roberto Moriconi, Lorena Moscardelli, Christof Mueller, Alexandre Normandeau, Marco Patacci, Michael Steventon, Morelia Urlaub, David Völker, Lesli Wood and Zane Jobe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 455-477, 28 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.15 --- Seismic and lithofacies characterization of a gravity core transect down the submarine Tuaheni Landslide Complex, NE New Zealand / Jannis Kuhlmann, Alan R. Orpin, Joshu J. Mountjoy, Gareth J. Crutchley, Stuart Henrys, Ryan Lunenburg and Katrin Huhn / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 479-495, 31 July 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.37 --- Submarine landslide catalogue onshore/offshore harmonization: Spain as a case study / Ricardo León, Juan Carlos García-Davalillo, David Casas and Carmen Julia Giménez-Moreno / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 497-510, 31 July 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.38 --- Combining in situ monitoring using seabed instruments and numerical modelling to assess the transient stability of underwater slopes / Morelia Urlaub and Heinrich Villinger / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 511-521, 6 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.8 --- Effects of stress on failure behaviour of shallow-marine muds from the northern Gulf of Mexico / Brandon Dugan and Xin Zhao / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 523-536, 27 April 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.13 --- Shear margin moraine, mass transport deposits and soft beds revealed by high-resolution P-Cable three-dimensional seismic data in the Hoop area, Barents Sea / Benjamin Bellwald and Sverre Planke / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 537-548, 28 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.29 --- Geohazard assessment related to submarine instabilities in Bjørnafjorden, Norway / Brian Carlton, Maarten Vanneste, Carl Fredrik Forsberg, Siren Knudsen, Finn Løvholt, Tore Kvalstad, Søren Holm, Heidi Kjennbakken, Muhammad Adeel Mazhar, Samson Degago and Haflidi Haflidason / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 549-566, 31 July 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.39 --- Providing multidisciplinary scientific advice for coastal planning in Kitimat Arm, British Columbia / Gwyn Lintern, Andrée Blais-Stevens, Cooper Stacey, John Shaw, Peter Bobrowsky, Kim Conway, David Huntley, Kevin Mackillop, Irina Overeem and Martin Scherwath / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 567-581, 16 April 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.40 --- Surficial sediment failures due to the 1929 Grand Banks Earthquake, St Pierre Slope / Irena Schulten, David C. Mosher, Sebastian Krastel, David J. W. Piper and Markus Kienast / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 477, 583-596, 3 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.25

Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains a collection of stratigraphic and diagenetic case studies of Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate sequences from the Tethyan realm. High levels of industry and academic interest in the region have generated numerous multi-disciplinary studies of these sequences, a selection of which are presented in this volume. The studies presented are based on both comprehensive subsurface datasets from important hydrocarbon-bearing strata of the Middle East and the excellent surface exposures in the region of interest. The studies presented in this volume may serve as suitable starting points in the development of age and architecture specific carbonate reference models. Such models can form the basis of internally consistent models for carbonate deposition, sequence development and reservoir performance. Ideally such models, suitably scaled, will be equally applicable to academic studies, the exploration and development phases of the field life cycle and in the prediction of future reservoir performance.

Description / Table of Contents: The world's mountain ranges are the clearest manifestations of long-term deformation of the continental crust. As such they have attracted geological investigations for centuries. Throughout this long history of research a few keynote publications stand out. One of the most important is the Geological Survey's 1907 Memoir on The Geological Structure of the North-West Highlands of Scotland. The Memoir summarized some of the Geological Survey's finest work, and outlined many of the principles of field-based structural and tectonic analysis that have subsequently guided generations of geologists working in other mountain belts, both ancient and modern. The thematic set of 32 papers in this Special Publication celebrate the 100th anniversary of the 1907 Memoir by placing the original findings in both historical and modern contexts, and juxtaposing them against present-day studies of deformation processes operating not only in the NW Highlands, but also in other mountain belts.

Description / Table of Contents: Remagnetization is a common phenomenon in rocks, and developing a greater understanding of its mechanisms has several benefits. Acquisition of a secondary magnetization is usually tangible evidence of a diagenetic or thermal event, which can be dated using palaeomagnetic techniques. This is important because the timing of diagenetic and thermal events is commonly difficult to determine. Remagnetization can also obscure primary magnetizations and a better understanding of remagnetization could improve our ability to uncover primary magnetizations. Many chemical remagnetization mechanisms have been proposed, including those associated with chemical alteration by a number of different fluids (e.g. orogenic, weathering, mineralizing, hydrocarbons) and burial diagenetic processes (e.g. clay diagenesis, maturation of organic matter). This book contains case studies and review articles that focus on remagnetization, chemical remagnetization mechanisms, and magnetic changes associated with chemical alteration by hydrocarbons.

Description / Table of Contents: The continental crust is our archive of Earth history, and the store of many natural resources; however, many key questions about its formation and evolution remain debated and unresolved: - What processes are involved in the formation, differentiation and evolution of continental crust, and how have these changed throughout Earth history? - How are plate tectonics, the supercontinent cycle and mantle cooling linked with crustal evolution? - What are the rates of generation and destruction of the continental crust through time? - How representative is the preserved geological record? A range of approaches are used to address these questions, including field-based studies, petrology and geochemistry, geophysical methods, palaeomagnetism, whole-rock and accessory-phase isotope chemistry and geochronology. Case studies range from the Eoarchaean to Phanerozoic, and cover many different cratons and orogenic belts from across the continents.