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Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and fluorescence study of the astrolabe (2012)

Notis, Michael ; Newbury, Brian ; Stephenson, Bruce ; [et al.]

Springer

In: Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing. 2012; 111(1): 129-134. Published 2012 Dec 12. doi: 10.1007/s00339-012-7480-7.

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Publication Date: 2012-12-12

Print ISSN: 0947-8396

Electronic ISSN: 1432-0630

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Published by Springer

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Aminolaevulinic Acid-induced Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus and Adenocarcinoma (1999)

Ackroyd, R. ; Brown, N.J. ; Davis, M.F. ; [et al.]

Springer

Lasers in medical science 14 (1999), S. 278-285

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ISSN: 1435-604X

Keywords: Keywords: Adenocarcinoma; Aminolaevulinic acid; Barrett's oesophagus; Dysplasia; Photodynamic therapy

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology

Notes: Abstract . Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may have a role in the prevention of oesophageal cancer. Ten patients with Barrett's oesophagus, three with low-grade dysplasia (LGD), four with high-grade dysplasia (HGD), one with carcinoma in situ and two with invasive carcinoma, were treated with PDT. All received 30 mg/kg aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) followed 4 h later by laser endoscopy. Half were treated with red light (630 nm; 100 mW/cm2 for 1000 s) and half with green light (514 nm; 100 mW/cm2 for 500 s). Columnar epithelial regression was seen in all patients with dysplasia (mean area decrease 44%; range 10–100%), with apparent elimination of dysplasia in all cases. In patients with in situ or invasive carcinoma, no response was seen. ALA-induced PDT, using either red or green light, produces effective ablation of dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus, hence may have a role in the prevention of oesophageal carcinoma, but has little effect on in situ or invasive adenocarcinoma.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101030050095

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3

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In-situ scanning tunnelling microscopy of hydrogenated amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon (1998)

Flewitt, A.J. ; Froggatt, M.W.D. ; Milne, W.I. ; [et al.]

Springer

Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 1101-1105

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ISSN: 1432-0630

Keywords: PACS: 68.55; 72.20; 81.10

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051305

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Simultaneous auroral observations described in the historical records of China, Japan and Korea from ancient times to AD 1700 (1999)

Willis, D. M. ; Stephenson, F. R.

Springer

Annales geophysicae 18 (1999), S. 1-10

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ISSN: 0992-7689

Keywords: Magnetospheric physics (auroral phenomena; storms and substorms)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract Early auroral observations recorded in various oriental histories are examined in order to search for examples of strictly simultaneous and indisputably independent observations of the aurora borealis from spatially separated sites in East Asia. In the period up to AD 1700, only five examples have been found of two or more oriental auroral observations from separate sites on the same night. These occurred during the nights of AD 1101 January 31, AD 1138 October 6, AD 1363 July 30, AD 1582 March 8 and AD 1653 March 2. The independent historical evidence describing observations of mid-latitude auroral displays at more than one site in East Asia on the same night provides virtually incontrovertible proof that auroral displays actually occurred on these five special occasions. This conclusion is corroborated by the good level of agreement between the detailed auroral descriptions recorded in the different oriental histories, which furnish essentially compatible information on both the colour (or colours) of each auroral display and its approximate position in the sky. In addition, the occurrence of auroral displays in Europe within two days of auroral displays in East Asia, on two (possibly three) out of these five special occasions, suggests that a substantial number of the mid-latitude auroral displays recorded in the oriental histories are associated with intense geomagnetic storms.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0001-6

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GCM simulation of the Southern Oscillation from 1979–88 (1995)

Stephenson, David B ; Royer, J -F

Springer

Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 115-128

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ISSN: 1432-0894

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract The Southern Oscillation (SO) is examined in three 10 year AMIP-type integrations of a 30-level GCM having prescribed monthly mean observed sea surface temperatures for the period January 1979 to December 1988. Three horizontal spectral resolutions of T21, T42 and T79 are investigated and the results are compared with the low-frequency variability, having periods longer than 8 months, in the observed Darwin and Tahiti sea level pressures (SLP) and in the T106 ECMWF analyses from May 1985 to April 1991. Both the ECMWF analyses and the GCM results give unrealistic SLP variability at Tahiti resulting in low Darwin-Tahiti SLP correlations and low S/N ratios for the Tahiti-Darwin SO index. The ECMWF analyses are in particularly poor agreement with the observations during 1987 with anomalously high SLP at Tahiti. Examination of the ECMWF assimilated SSTs, reveals that this may be related to the assimilated SSTs being too cold in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during mid-1987. The GCM results show the familiar SLP dipole in the tropical Pacific albeit displaced eastwards compared to previous observational studies especially at T42 resolution, thus accounting for the problems at Tahiti which lies near strong gradients in the correlation pattern. Time-longitude diagrams of low-level convergence and correlation maps of upper-level streamfunction suggest that the model is reproducing the SO divergence anomalies although too weakly at T21 resolution and at different longitudinal locations at T42 and T79 resolutions. The time-mean low-level convergences in the GCM simulations give ITCZs and SPCZs in qualitative agreement with the observations with a tendency for increased convergence in the eastern Pacific ITCZ at higher resolution. Longitudinal shifts are not apparent in the time-mean convergence when comparing the GCM results at different resolutions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211677

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GCM simulation of the Southern Oscillation from 1979–88 (1995)

Stephenson, David B ; Royer J-F

Springer

Climate dynamics 11 (1995), S. 115-128

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ISSN: 1432-0894

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract. The Southern Oscillation (SO) is examined in three 10 year AMIP-type integrations of a 30-level GCM having prescribed monthly mean observed sea surface temperatures for the period January 1979 to December 1988. Three horizontal spectral resolutions of T21, T42 and T79 are investigated and the results are compared with the low-frequency variability, having periods longer than 8 months, in the observed Darwin and Tahiti sea level pressures (SLP) and in the T106 ECMWF analyses from May 1985 to April 1991. Both the ECMWF analyses and the GCM results give unrealistic SLP variability at Tahiti resulting in low Darwin-Tahiti SLP correlations and low S/N ratios for the Tahiti-Darwin SO index. The ECMWF analyses are in particularly poor agreement with the observations during 1987 with anomalously high SLP at Tahiti. Examination of the ECMWF assimilated SSTs, reveals that this may be related to the assimilated SSTs being too cold in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific during mid-1987. The GCM results show the familiar SLP dipole in the tropical Pacific albeit displaced eastwards compared to previous observational studies especially at T42 resolution, thus accounting for the problems at Tahiti which lies near strong gradients in the correlation pattern. Time-longitude diagrams of low-level convergence and correlation maps of upper-level streamfunction suggest that the model is reproducing the SO divergence anomalies although too weakly at T21 resolution and at different longitudinal locations at T42 and T79 resolutions. The time-mean low-level convergences in the GCM simulations give ITCZs and SPCZs in qualitative agreement with the observations with a tendency for increased convergence in the eastern Pacific ITCZ at higher resolution. Longitudinal shifts are not apparent in the time-mean convergence when comparing the GCM results at different resolutions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050064

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A comparison of global tropospheric teleconnections using observed satellite and general circulation model total ozone column data for 1979–91 (1998)

Ambrizzi, T. ; Kayano, M. T. ; Stephenson, D. B.

Springer

Climate dynamics 14 (1998), S. 133-150

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ISSN: 1432-0894

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract The total ozone column is well correlated with tropospheric fields such as the heights of the upper tropospheric geopotential surfaces and thus it can provide useful information on temporal variability in the troposphere. The global availability of long period satellite measurements of the total ozone column, taken by the TOMS instruments since 1978, provides a valuable and independent data set for use in studies of seasonal and interannual climate variability. In this study, the global low-frequency seasonal teleconnections in the observed TOMS data from 1979–91 have been investigated using seasonal teleconnectivity maps and empirical orthogonal function analysis. They have also been compared with the results from a simulation made with the atmospheric GCM at Météo-France, having prescribed observed sea surface temperatures for the same period. In the observed total ozone, strong ENSO-related wave number one longitudinal dipole patterns are seen in both the tropics and in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics. The model shows much weaker variability in total ozone yet appears to be able to capture similar teleconnection patterns in the tropics related to ENSO. In the SH extratropics, the model total ozone shows a strong wave number 3 response rather than the wave number one dipole seen in the observations. A wave number 3 response is also evident in the 200 hPa geopotential height simulated by the model and in the NCEP analysis, and is consistent with the response in a linearised barotropic model forced in the Indonesian region. The different responses in the modelled and observed total ozone, suggest that tropopause effect is not the major factor in the SH extratropics, and it is likely that horizontal ozone transport also plays a role in this region. Despite a generally poor simulation of the zonal mean total ozone, the model was able to capture the anomalous strengthening of the SH stationary waves during austral spring of 1988, related to an intense stratosphere sudden warming.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050214

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Implications of tectonic subsidence models for crustal structure beneath the Mid-Polish Trough (1995)

Stephenson, Randell A. ; Dadlez, Ryszard ; Narkiewicz, Marek

Springer

Studia geophysica et geodaetica 39 (1995), S. 289-297

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ISSN: 1573-1626

Keywords: sedimentary basins ; rifting ; Poland

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Summary Tectonic subsidence analysis of the preserved and reconstructed stratigraphy of the Polish Basin indicates an initial Late Permian-Early Triassic (255-241 Ma) syn-rift phase of development with a subsequent extensional rejuvenation during the Late Jurassic (ca. 157-152 Ma). Forward modelling of the subsidence data, in view of existing geophysical interpretations which show the presence of a deep Moho and a very high seismic velocity lower crustal layer beneath the Mid-Polish Trough (MPT), suggest that Permo-Mesozoic basin development may be related at least in part to the intrusion of mantle material into and densification of the lower crust rather than exclusively to crustal extension and thinning.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02295821

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