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  • Elsevier  (108)
  • Springer Nature  (96)
  • Springer  (63)
  • Oxford University Press  (21)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • MDPI
  • 2015-2019  (121)
  • 2010-2014  (88)
  • 2000-2004  (36)
  • 1990-1994  (45)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Luminescence and laser action of coumarin dyes doped in silicate and aluminosilicate glasses prepared by the sol-gel technique (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 1 (1991), S. 87-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Schlagwort(e): Luminescence ; laser ; coumarin dyes ; sol-gel glasses ; silicate ; aluminosilicate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Coumarin dyes are encapsulated in silicate and aluminosilicate polymeric glasses synthesized by the sol-gel technique. The coumarin dyes retain their luminescent properties in all of the aged gels and in many of the dried gels (xerogels). The luminescence spectra of the new optical materials are reported. The luminescence of coumarin 4 provides a probe at the molecular level of the changes which occur during the gelation and drying. The spectral changes are studied and discussed in detail. Gels and xerogels doped with coumarin 460, 480, and 540A exhibit optical gain and laser action. The laser properties of these new solid-state dye laser materials are reported and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00701031
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Performance comparison of a neural network with human observers on a visual target detection task (1990)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 62 (1990), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Informatik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An experiment is described which compares the performance of a neural network to human performance on a visual task which consists of detecting a target in a background image of correlated noise. A three-layer, feed-forward, multi-layer perceptron is trained to indicate the presence or absence of a target in images also presented to human observers. The basis for the comparison between the network and the human observers is the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Network performance is comparable to human performance for this particular task.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198093
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Encapsulation and reactivity of the enzyme oxalate oxidase in a sol-gel derived glass (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 2 (1994), S. 827-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Schlagwort(e): biomaterials ; sensors ; enzyme ; biosensors ; spectroscopy in gels
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The enzymes oxalate oxidase and peroxidase are encapsulated in stable, optically transparent, porous silica glass matrices synthesized under mild conditions using novel sol-gel synthetic techniques. The large enzymes are immobilized, but smaller molecules such as oxalate ions pass readily through the porous glass. Upon exposure to oxalate solutions, a colored glass is formed whose absorption spectrum and changes of absorbance with time are measured. The sensitivity of the response and the time-dependence of the response are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00486359
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biomolecular materials based on sol-gel encapsulated proteins (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 2 (1994), S. 791-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Schlagwort(e): biomaterials ; proteins ; sensor ; spectroscopy in gels
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The proteins copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), cytochrome c, myoglobin, hemoglobin, and bacterio-rhodopsin are encapsulated in stable, optically transparent, porous, silica glass matrices prepared by the sol-gel method such that the biomolecules retain their characteristic reactivities and spectroscopic properties. The resulting glasses allow transport of small molecules into and out of the glasses at reasonable rates but retain the protein molecules within their pores. The transparency of the glasses enables the chemical reactions of the immobilized proteins to be monitored by means of changes in their visible absorption spectra. Silica glasses containing the immobilized proteins have similar reactivities and spectroscopic properties to those found for the proteins in solution. The enzymes glucose oxidase and peroxidase were also encapsulated in transparent silica glass matrices. Upon exposure to glucose solutions, a colored glass is formed that can be used as the active element in a solid state optically based glucose sensor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00486352
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In-situ fluorescence imaging of sol-gel thin film deposition (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 2 (1994), S. 477-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Schlagwort(e): fluorescence probe ; luminescence ; thin film processing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Pyranine was used as a fluorescence probe to monitor the chemical evolution in-situ during thin film deposition by the dip coating process. The sensitivity of the pyranine luminescence to protonation/deprotonation effects was used to quantify changes in the water/alcohol ratio in real time within the depositing film as the substrate was withdrawn from the coating reservoir. The spatially resolved spectral results clearly showed that preferential evaporation of alcohol occurred with increasing distance from the reservoir and that the maximum water content reached rather high values near the drying line. Correlation of the luminescence results with the interference pattern of the drawn films allows the solvent composition in the film to be mapped as a function of film thickness. These experiments demonstrate for the first time that luminescent organic molecules may be applied to the processing science of sol-gel thin film deposition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00486294
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural analysis of softwood fracture surfaces (1994)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 28 (1994), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural characteristics of fracture surfaces from southern pine and Douglas-fir specimens tested in tension at various angles to grain were examined. The fracture surace morphology was inspected using scanning electron microscopy. Three anatomical failure types were recognized: intercell failure, transwall failure, and intrawall failure. Certain failure characteristics were ascribed as a function of the magnitudes of paralleland perpendicular-tograin tension and parallel-to-grain shear present in the specimen. In specimens tested in paralleland perpendicular-to-grain tension, the thick-walled latewood cells were found to fail in a combination of transwall and intrawall failure. The intrawall failures were usually at the S1–S2 interface. The more thin-walled earlywood cells were more likely to exhibit abrupt, transwall failures. At intermediate angles of load to grain, surfaces indicative of the type found in pure shear tests were predominant. Perpendicularto-grain tension failures resulted in mostly intercell failures. Ray cells consistently exhibited transwall failures. The failure surface frequently changed planes in all loading modes. This path transfer was inevidably associated with material discontinuities in the wood. When the path did transfer, all three failure types were observed. No significant species effect was observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195280
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monopolistic competition and the cyclicality of pricing and productivity—A typology of industries (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 58 (1993), S. 109-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract We develop a market model which explains how prices and productivity react to short-run demand variations when the number of price-setting firms is held fixed on its long-run level and profits are endogenous. We assume that for each firm the average production cost function is U-shaped, that customers are imperfectly informed about offer prices, and that customers may search for better offers. For low degrees of market transparency the long-run market outcome exhibits price dispersion with an endogenous finite number of firms. In this case, in the short run, prices and price mark-ups respond countercyclically to demand variations (while input prices are exogenously fixed) and productivity is procyclical. In the complementary case of higher degrees of market transparency, in the long run we have a single-price equilibrium. In that case, in the short run, prices are procyclical while mark-ups remain countercyclical and productivity diminishes with any deviation of demand from its long-run level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01253479
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the phytohemagglutinin genes inPhaseolus andVigna (Leguminosae) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 191 (1994), S. 131-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Leguminosae ; Phaseolus ; Vigna ; Lectin genes ; phylogeny ; diversity ; RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphisms at the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) locus were determined among 21 genotypes ofPhaseolus vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. acutifolius, P. lunatus, and threeVigna species, using five restriction enzymes and one double digestion, in order to provide molecular evidence for their genetic relatedness. The dissimilarity between genotypes was estimated from binary RFLP data. The dissimilarity was high among species (from 0.75 to 0.95), and of variable extent among genotypes of the same species (0.33–0.89). InP. vulgaris, two different DNA hybridization patterns were found, giving further evidence for two major gene pools in that species. The restriction patterns ofP. vulgaris var.aborigineus, the putative ancestral form ofP. vulgaris, exhibit clear homology toP. vulgaris genotypes. An undefined landrace from Taiwan could be identified as aP. vulgaris genotype. RFLP-based trees for the phytohemagglutinin genes of the species studied were computed with several distance matrix and parsimony methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984660
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 55 (1992), S. 221-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01227422
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optically Pumped Far-Infrared Laser Lines of Methanol Isotopomers: 12CD3OH, 12CH3OD, and 12CH2DOH (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 21 (2000), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Schlagwort(e): 12CD3OH ; 12CH3OD ; 12CH2DOH ; new far-infrared laser lines ; optically pumped far-infrared laser ; laser frequencies ; relative intensity ; relative polarization ; pump-frequency offset
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Twenty-seven new FIR, far-infrared, laser lines from the isotopomers of methanol: 12CD3OH, 12CH3OD, and 12CH2DOH, were obtained by optically pumping the molecules with an efficient cw CO2 laser. The CO2 laser provided pumping from regular, sequence, and hot-band CO2 laser transitions. The 2 m long far-infrared cavity was a metal-dielectric waveguide closed by two, flat end mirrors. Several short-wavelength (below 100 μm) lines were observed. The frequencies of 28 laser lines observed in this cavity (including new lines and already known lines) were measured with a fractional uncertainty limited by the fractional resetability of the far-infrared laser cavity, of 2 parts in 107.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006667300438
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