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  • Springer  (35)
  • American Institute of Physics  (9)
  • 2015-2019  (16)
  • 2010-2014  (6)
  • 2000-2004  (5)
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1985-1989  (12)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formalization and Analysis of a Solution to the PCI 2.1 Bus Transaction Ordering Problem (2000)
    Springer
    Formal methods in system design 16 (2000), S. 93-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8102
    Keywords: I/O systems ; formal design ; theorem-proving ; model checking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The transaction ordering problem of the original PCI 2.1 standard bus specification violates the desired correctness property of maintaining the so called ‘Producer/Consumer’ relationship between writers and readers of data. This violation stems mainly from the so called completion stealing problem, first identified and solved by Corella et al. [4], and supported by a formal paper and pencil argument. In this paper, we develop a flexible graph theory library in PVS for modeling computer bus structures, formalize the PCI 2.1 protocol containing the solution of [4] in it, and mechanically prove the absence of completion stealing. Next, we define the Producer/Consumer property in PVS and sketch its mechanical proof. Noting the complexity of this proof effort (unfinished as yet), we explore a combination of theorem proving and model-checking in which the model used for model-checking is made tractable by exploiting the formal theorems established during theorem-proving as well as several intuitively justified assumptions. The theorem-proving infrastructure we have built for modeling CPU interconnect structures is highly reusable. Our work is one example of a natural division of labor between theorem-proving and model-checking in tackling system-level verification problems under realistic time budgets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008729625855
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular genetic investigations of the mechanism of tumourigenesis in von Hippel-Lindau disease: analysis of allele loss in VHL tumours (1994)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 93 (1994), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome characterised by the development of retinal and central nervous system haemangioblastomas, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), phaeochromocytoma and pancreatic tumours. The VHL disease gene maps to chromosome 3p25-p26. To investigate the mechanism of tumourigenesis in VHL disease, we analysed 24 paired blood/tumour DNA samples from 20 VHL patients for allele loss on chromosome 3p and in the region of tumour suppressor genes on chromosomes 5, 11, 13, 17 and 22. Nine out of 24 tumours showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at at least one locus on chromosome 3p and in each case the LOH included the region to which the VHL gene has been mapped. Chromosome 3p allele loss was found in four tumour types (RCC, haemangioblastoma, phaeochromocytoma and pancreatic tumour) suggesting a common mechanism of tumourigenesis in all types of tumour in VHL disease. The smallest region of overlap was between D3S1038 and D3S18, a region that corresponds to the target region for the VHL gene from genetic linkage studies. The parental origin of the chromosome 3p25-p26 allele loss could be determined in seven tumours from seven familial cases; in each tumour, the allele lost had been inherited from the unaffected parent. Our results suggest that the VHL disease gene functions as a recessive tumour suppressor gene and that inactivation of both alleles of the VHL gene is the critical event in the pathogenesis of VHL neoplasms. Four VHL tumours showed LOH on other chromosomes (5q21, 13q, 17q) indicating that homozygous VHL gene mutations may be required but may not be sufficient for tumourigenesis in VHL disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218913
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient gene expression in aleurone protoplasts isolated from developing caryopses of barley and wheat (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: aleurone ; barley ; protoplasts ; transient expression ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methods have been developed for the isolation of aleurone protoplasts from developing caryopses of Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum in order to study transient expression of introduced genes. Chimaeric gene constructs were introduced into aleurone protoplasts by polyethylene glycol (PEG). Transient expression directed by the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) of the reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) was detected in aleurone protoplasts from developing barley and wheat grains. Using a similar construct, CAT activity increased when the alcohol dehydrogenase intron 1 fragment from maize was ligated between the 35S promoter and the CAT coding region. The demonstration of transient expression in protoplasts from developing aleurone layers indicates that they may be useful for investigating tissue and developmental control of genes coding for cereal seed proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027332
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient gene expression in electroporated Solanum protoplasts (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 503-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: electroporation ; patatin genes, potato ; protoplasts ; transient gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electroporation was used to evaluate parameters important in transient gene expression in potato protoplasts. The protoplasts were from leaves of wild potato Solanum brevidens, and from leaves, tubers and suspension cells of cultivated Solanum tuberosum cv. Désirée. Reporter enzyme activity, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, depended on the field strength and the pulse duration used for electroporation. Using field pulses of 85 ms duration, the optimum field strengths for maximum CAT activity were: S. brevidens mesophyll protoplasts −250 V/cm; Désirée mesophyll protoplasts −225 V/cm; Désirée suspension culture protoplasts −225 V/cm; and Désirée tuber protoplasts −150 V/cm. The optimum field strengths correlated inversely with the size of the protoplasts electroporated; this is consistent with biophysical theory. In time courses, maximum CAT activity (in Désirée mesophyll protoplasts) occurred 36–48 h after electroporation. Examination at optimised conditions of a chimaeric gene consisting of a class II patatin promoter linked to the β-glucuronidase (gus) gene, showed expression (at DNA concentrations between 0–10 pmol/ml) comparable to the CaMV 35S promoter in both tuber and mesophyll protoplasts. At higher DNA concentrations (20–30 pmol/ml) the patatin promoter directed 4–5 times higher levels of gus expression. Implications and potential contributions towards studying gene expression, in particular of homologous genes in potato, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027310
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient gene expression in electroporated protoplasts and intact cells of sugar beet (1987)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 10 (1987), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ; electroporation (rectangular pulse) ; transient gene expression protoplasts ; intact cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Factors influencing the transient expression of introduced foreign DNA in electroporated protoplasts and intact cells of sugar beet were determined by assaying for the activity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), using a rectangular pulse generating system. Extractable CAT activity depended upon 1) applied plasmid DNA concentration, 2) protoplast density, 3) the interaction between pulse field strength, duration, number, time interval between pulses and the resultant effect on culture viability, and 4) the physiological state of the protoplasts. Mesophyll protoplasts were more susceptible to damage by electroporation, and were more specific in their requirement for electroporations which allowed CAT expression, than were protoplasts derived from suspension culture cells. CAT activity was also demonstrated, at low levels, after electroporation of intact suspension culture cells, and could be increased by pectinase treatment of the cells before electroporation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014185
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, culture, and regeneration of plants from potato protoplasts (1989)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 8 (1989), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A technique is described for the routine isolation of protoplasts from storage parenchyma cells of potato tubers grown in vitro. The protoplasts typically contained many starch grains. On culture, most of the starch grains were metabolised during the first 7 days, after which the cells began to divide. Following further culture, protoplast-derived colonies and calli were obtained, from which shoots and intact plants were regenerated. Cytological study of regenerated plants showed that the majority were octaploid or aneuploid at the octaploid level. This aspect is compared with plants regenerated from mesophyll protoplasts of potato. The use of tuber protoplasts for studies on tissue-specific transient gene expression of chimeric gene constructs, following their introduction into the protoplasts by electroporation, is discussed, together with the uses of tuber protoplasts in fundamental physiological and biochemical studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274137
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to septoria nodorum blotch in the Aegilops tauschii accession RL5271 is controlled by a single gene (2000)
    Springer
    Euphytica 113 (2000), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: disease resistance ; incubation period ; infection frequency ; Stagonospora nodorum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Septoria nodorum blotch is the most important leaf disease of wheat in Western Australia. A potentially useful source of resistance has been identified in an accession of Aegilops tauschii. To study the genetics of resistance of this source a cross was made between the resistant Ae. tauschii accession, RL5271, and a susceptible accession, CPI110889. The resistant parent took significantly longer to develop symptoms, developed significantly fewer lesions and expressed significantly lower levels of disease than the susceptible parent. The F1 mean response for disease severity indicated there was no complete dominance. The F3 families were classified using three approaches. In the first approach the individual F3 plant response was used to classify the F3 families. In the second approach the F3 family means and standard errors were used to classify the F3 families. In the final approach Best Linear Unbiased Predictors of disease score and standard error for each F3 family derived from a REML analysis were used to classify the F3 families. The genotypic ratios generated by each of the approaches suggested that resistance is controlled by a single gene. The effectiveness of the resistance and its simple genetic control in the Ae. tauschii, accession RL5271 may be a useful resistance source for use in a bread wheat breeding program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003981525052
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Australian water quality guidelines: a new approach for protecting ecosystem health (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of aquatic ecosystem stress and recovery 2 (1993), S. 151-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5141
    Keywords: water quality guidelines ; water quality management ; ecosystem health ; biological indicators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) and the Australian Water Resources Council (AWRC) have developed a National Water Quality Management Strategy which seeks to ensure that the nation's water resources are managed on a sustainable basis. An important element of this strategy are the Australian Water Quality Guidelines which focus on the protection of Australian freshwater and marine ecosystems. Here the aim is to protect biodiversity and maintain the ecological integrity of each marine and freshwater resource. Specific guidelines have been formulated in terms of key indicators of quality, with a single reference value or ranges of reference values provided for guidance. For those indicators where ranges are provided, it is the expectation that State environmental and resource management agencies will undertake local, site-specific investigations of their own systems to define the specific levels to be adopted. For the first time, specific and quantitative biological indicators have been introduced; these are species richness, species composition, primary production, and ecosystem function. As Australia progresses towards broader, more holistic, ecologically-based management of the nation's water resources, the present water quality guidelines must be extended to ecosystem or environmental guidelines, where the maintenance of adequate water quality is seen as only one (albeit important) component. Other considerations must include habitat protection, sediment quality, and stream flow maintenance. This increased emphasis on more ecologically-focused management of Australia's inland and coastal waters will present a number of challenges for the three major groups involved: the community, the managers, and the researchers. These challenges are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047766
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of tissue culture response between related tetraploid and dihaploid S. tuberosum genotypes (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 15 (1988), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: tissue culture response ; leaf explants ; S. tuberosum ; regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The response to tissue culture of a series of related, agronomically useful, dihaploid (2n=2x=24) and tetraploid (2n=4x=48) S. tuberosum genotypes was assessed by regenerating shoots from leaf explants. Dihaploid genotypes that showed superior responses to their tetraploid parents were identified. Large differences in tissue culture response were also found between dihaploid genotypes derived from the same tetraploid parents. These results indicate that it should be possible to select agronomically useful dihaploid genotypes with good tissue culture responses for use in genetic manipulation experiments. Possible factors determining tissue culture response in S. tuberosum are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033644
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two membrane-bound proteins associated with alanine resistance and increased A-system amino acid transport in mutants of CHO-K1 (1988)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 14 (1988), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Growth of CHO-K1, a praline auxotroph, is inhibited by amino acids that prevent praline transport. From a hydroxyurea-treated, alanine-resistant, constitutive mutant, alar4, we isolated, in a stepwise fashion, mutants, resistant to higher concentrations of alanine, that have increased velocity of amino acid transport through the A system. Two such mutants, alar4-H2.1 and alar4-H3.9, isolated as resistant to 50 mM and 125 mM alanine, respectively, showed increases in Vmax of praline transport through the A system that are directly proportional to their resistance to alanine. Alar4-H3.9, as compared to alar4 and CHO-K1, has six and 29 times the Vmax of praline transport through the A system and two and five times the velocity of transport through the combined ASC and P systems, respectively, and no change in system L. No doubleminute or homologous staining regions were detectable in alar4-H3.9. A-system activity of alar4-H2.1 and alar4-H3.9, when grown under nonselective conditions, was stable for 20 generations and then declined. The phenotype of alar4-H3.9 is codominant with that of alar4 and partially recessive to that of CHO-K1. Membrane vesicles prepared from alar4-H3.9 show increases mainly in A-system transport. In sodium dodecylsulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of A-system active membrane vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum, two bands of molecular weight of approximately 62–66 kd and 29 kd are present in higher concentrations in alar4-H3.9 than in CHO-K1. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the phenotype of alar4-H3.9 is the result of gene amplification of an A-system transporter structural gene and that the two bands may represent this transporter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01535044
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