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  • 2020-2024  (9)
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  • 1
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    Marine Carbon Biogeochemistry (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book discusses biogeochemical processes relevant to carbon and aims to provide readers, graduate students and researchers, with insight into the functioning of marine ecosystems. A carbon centric approach has been adopted, but other elements are included where relevant or needed. The book focuses on concepts and quantitative understanding of primary production, organic matter mineralization and sediment biogeochemistry. The impact of biogeochemical processes on inorganic carbon dynamics and organic matter transformation are also discussed.
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Geobiology ; Oceanography ; Geochemistry ; Aquatic ecology  ; Ecosystems ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere::RBGK Geochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans) ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGM Biogeography
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Thermodynamics and Equilibria in Earth System Sciences: An Introduction (2024)
    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: Thermodynamics is needed to understand many processes on Earth, be they physical, chemical, or biological. Thermodynamics is critical to study the atmosphere (lapse rate, fohn winds, circulation), hydrosphere (latent and sensible heat, pressure dependence of freezing/boiling points), geosphere (geothermal gradients, mineral stability) and the biosphere (redox zonation, evolution of biogeochemical cycles). This introduction to thermodynamics and equilibria aims to provide the basic concepts of relevance for atmospheric, marine, climate, and environmental sciences and to prepare students for more advanced classes in physical chemistry, mineralogy, and petrology. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Gibbs Free Energy ; Carbon Dioxide in Water ; Enthalpy ; Entropy ; The first Law ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology & the lithosphere::RBGK Geochemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHH Thermodynamics & heat ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology & the lithosphere
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
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    Soothsaying DOM: A Current Perspective on the Future of Oceanic Dissolved Organic Carbon (2020)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The vast majority of freshly produced oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is derived from marine phytoplankton, then rapidly recycled by heterotrophic microbes. A small fraction of this DOC survives long enough to be routed to the interior ocean, which houses the largest and oldest DOC reservoir. DOC reactivity depends upon its intrinsic chemical composition and extrinsic environmental conditions. Therefore, recalcitrance is an emergent property of DOC that is analytically difficult to constrain. New isotopic techniques that track the flow of carbon through individual organic molecules show promise in unveiling specific biosynthetic or degradation pathways that control the metabolic turnover of DOC and its accumulation in the deep ocean. However, a multivariate approach is required to constrain current carbon fluxes so that we may better predict how the cycling of oceanic DOC will be altered with continued climate change. Ocean warming, acidification, and oxygen depletion may upset the balance between the primary production and heterotrophic reworking of DOC, thus modifying the amount and/or composition of recalcitrant DOC. Climate change and anthropogenic activities may enhance mobilization of terrestrial DOC and/or stimulate DOC production in coastal waters, but it is unclear how this would affect the flux of DOC to the open ocean. Here, we assess current knowledge on the oceanic DOC cycle and identify research gaps that must be addressed to successfully implement its use in global scale carbon models.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 4
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    Bacterial precursors and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids are biomarkers of North-Atlantic deep-sea demosponges (2021)
    Public Library of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Sponges produce distinct fatty acids (FAs) that (potentially) can be used as chemotaxonomic and ecological biomarkers to study endosymbiont-host interactions and the functional ecology of sponges. Here, we present FA profiles of five common habitat-building deep-sea sponges (class Demospongiae, order Tetractinellida), which are classified as high microbial abundance (HMA) species. Geodia hentscheli, G. parva, G. atlantica, G. barretti, and Stelletta rhaphidiophora were collected from boreal and Arctic sponge grounds in the North-Atlantic Ocean. Bacterial FAs dominated in all five species and particularly isomeric mixtures of mid-chain branched FAs (MBFAs, 8- and 9-Me-C16:0 and 10- and 11-Me-C18:0) were found in high abundance (together ≥ 20% of total FAs) aside more common bacterial markers. In addition, the sponges produced long-chain linear, mid- and a(i)-branched unsaturated FAs (LCFAs) with a chain length of 24‒28 C atoms and had predominantly the typical Δ5,9 unsaturation, although the Δ9,19 and (yet undescribed) Δ11,21 unsaturations were also identified. G. parva and S. rhaphidiophora each produced distinct LCFAs, while G. atlantica, G. barretti, and G. hentscheli produced similar LCFAs, but in different ratios. The different bacterial precursors varied in carbon isotopic composition (δ13C), with MBFAs being more enriched compared to other bacterial (linear and a(i)-branched) FAs. We propose biosynthetic pathways for different LCFAs from their bacterial precursors, that are consistent with small isotopic differences found in LCFAs. Indeed, FA profiles of deep-sea sponges can serve as chemotaxonomic markers and support the concept that sponges acquire building blocks from their endosymbiotic bacteria.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Branched tetraether lipids in Carminowe Creek catchment (southwest England) (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-16
    Description: In this dataset, the branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) data in a creek catchment located in southwest England are included, with 78 soil samples along 14 soil transects from hilltop to downslope, including 31 arable land sites, 14 permanent grassland sites, 24 temporary grassland (ley) sites and 5 woodland sites, 7 riverbed sediments at three locations along each of the two tributaries (upstream, midstream and downstream), and one more at the joint outlet, and a 50 cm long sediment core in the lake, which is about 150 m away from the joint outlet. The soils or sediments were freeze dried and homogenized, and then they were extracted with dichloromethane (DCM):MeOH (9:1, v/v) with an accelerated solvent extractor to obtain the total lipid extracts (TLEs). After adding of a known amount of internal standard, the TLEs were dried under a nitrogen stream, and then separated into apolar and polar fractions by passing them over an activated aluminum oxide column (Al2O3). The polar fractions containing GDGTs were evaporated under a gentle nitrogen stream, and then the samples were re-dissolved in a hexane:isopropanol (99:1, v/v) and filtrated through a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter for UHPLC analyzing.
    Keywords: Area/locality; Branched and isoprenoid tetraether index; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ia, fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ib, fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ic, fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa, fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa', fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb, fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb', fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIc, fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIc', fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa, fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa', fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIb, fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIb', fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIc, fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIc', fractional abundance; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, per unit mass total organic carbon; Calculated; Carbon, organic, total; Carminowe_Creek_catchment; Cornwall, United Kingdom; Crenarchaeol, fractional abundance; Crenarchaeol, per unit mass total organic carbon; Degree of cyclisation; Hexamethylated branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether IIIa/a'; Isomer ratio; Isoprenoid acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, fractional abundance; Isoprenoid acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, per unit mass total organic carbon; Isoprenoid acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether/Crenarchaeol ratio; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Methylation index of dominant branched tetraethers; Pentamethylated branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether IIa/a'; pH, soil; Sample ID; Sediment sample; see reference(s); SES; Sum branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, per unit sediment mass; Tetramethylated branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether Ia; UHPLC; Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3417 data points
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  • 6
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    Global database on dissolved carbon in soil solution, including ancillary information on a range of potential drivers (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-04
    Description: Dissolved carbon leaching in and from soils plays an important role in C transport along the terrestrial-aquatic continuum. However, a global overview and analysis of dissolved carbon in soil solutions, covering a wide range of vegetation types and climates, is lacking. We compiled a global database on annual average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in soil solutions, including potential governing factors, with 762 entries from 351 different sites covering a range of climate zones, land cover types and soil classes. Using this database we develop regression models to calculate topsoil concentrations, and concentrations vs. depth in the subsoil at the global scale. For DIC, the lack of a roportional globally distributed cover inhibits analysis on a global scale. For DOC, annual average concentrations range from 1.7 to 88.3 (median=25.27) mg C/L for topsoils (n=255) and from 0.42 to 372.1 (median=5.50) mg C/L for subsoils (n=285, excluding lab incubations). Highest topsoil values occur in forests of cooler, humid zones. In topsoils, multiple regression showed that precipitation is the most significant factor. Our global topsoil DOC model (R2=0.36) uses precipitation, soil class, climate zone and land cover type as model factors. Our global subsoil model describes DOC concentrations vs. depth for different USDA soil classes (overall R2=0.45). Highest subsoil DOC concentrations are calculated for Histosols.
    Keywords: Carbon leaching; Database; DIC; dissolved carbon; DOC; global model; soil carbon; soil solution; vadose zone
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7.8 MBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    DIC concentration and isotopic composition in sedimentay 13C-labeling incubation of sediment core HE483/25-2 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: DIC measurement: an aliquot of the slurry was filtered with a 0.2-µm filter to remove cells and other particles. After filtration, 1 mL of samples were acidified with 100 μL 45% phosphoric acid overnight in an Exetainer® vial pre-purged with CO2-free air before analysis. All samples were measured with a Delta Ray Isotope Ratio Infrared Spectrometer (IRIS) with URI Connect and autosampler (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany) with an analytical error of ±1‰. All isotopic values are reported in the delta notation as δ13C relative to the Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (VPDB) standard. Deviations of triplicate isotopic measurement of sample DIC were between ± 1‰ and ± 1,000‰ (for DIC with label uptake of 〉10,000‰). DIC concentration was calculated from the released amount of CO2 by calibration with sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.
    Keywords: amino acids; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; ClusterOceanFloor; Delta Ray Isotope Ratio Infrared Spectrometer (IRIS) with URI Connect and autosampler (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany); Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; DIC; HE483; HE483/25-2; Heincke; lipidomics; MARUM; MUC; MultiCorer; North Sea; Priming effect; RNA-SIP; Sample ID; Secondary production; stable isotope probing; Substrate type; The Ocean Floor - Earth's Uncharted Interface; Time in days; Volume; δ13C, dissolved inorganic carbon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 560 data points
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  • 8
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    Amino acid concentration and isotopic composition in sedimentary 13C-labeling incubation of sediment core HE483/25-2 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Amino acids derivatization and analysis: Sediment slurries were centrifuged to separate the sediments from the medium and the sediments were freeze-dried and homogenized. 50 mg of samples spiked with the internal reference standard norleucine were decalcified and acid hydrolyzed (6M, 110℃) for 15 h. The hydrolysate was centrifuged to remove the sediments and subsequently defatted with hexane/ DCM mixture (V/V, 2:1) three times. The purification and derivatization of amino acids were performed by following the protocols described by Takano et al.53 and Chikaraishi et al.54, respectively. In brief, the hydrolysates were evaporated under N2 gas to dryness and purified using Dowex 50WX8 200 400 mesh cation exchange resin to eliminate the matrix effects. The purified amino acids were then isopropylated with a mixture of isopropanol and acetyl chloride (4/1, v/v) at 100 ℃ for 2 h. The solution was then evaporated to dryness and followed 3 times with DCM addition and evaporation to remove any remaining reagent. The AA isopropyl esters were then acylated using a mixture of pivaloyl chloride and DCM (1/1, v/v) at 100 ℃ for 2 h to obtain pivaloyl-isopropyl ester (Pv/AA/iPr). The Pv/AA/iPr solution was then evaporated to dryness and followed 3 times DCM addition and evaporation to remove any remaining reagent. Liquid-liquid extraction was performed by using MiliQ water and a hexane/DCM mixture (2/1, v/v). The Pv/AA/iPr were stored frozen (-20℃) and dissolved in ethyl acetate before analysis.
    Keywords: Amino acid, carbon; Amino acid, δ13C; amino acids; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; ClusterOceanFloor; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; DIC; HE483; HE483/25-2; Heincke; lipidomics; MARUM; MUC; MultiCorer; North Sea; Priming effect; RNA-SIP; Sample ID; Sample mass; Sample type; Secondary production; see description in data abstract; stable isotope probing; Substrate type; The Ocean Floor - Earth's Uncharted Interface; Time in days
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3393 data points
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  • 9
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    CO2 isotope in sedimentay 13C-labeling incubation of sediment core HE483/25-2 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Incubation time was controlled based on the development of δ13C values of CO2 in the headspace. δ13C of CO2 was measured by Thermo Finnigan Trace GC coupled to a Thermo Finnigan Delta plus XP isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Deviations of triplicate isotopic measurement of δ13C of CO2 were between ± 1‰ and ± 1,000‰ (for CO2 with label uptake of 〉10,000‰). Slurries were harvested at five time points for detailed analyses.
    Keywords: amino acids; Calculated; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; ClusterOceanFloor; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; DIC; HE483; HE483/25-2; Heincke; lipidomics; MARUM; MUC; MultiCorer; North Sea; Priming effect; Replicates; RNA-SIP; Secondary production; stable isotope probing; Standard error; Substrate type; The Ocean Floor - Earth's Uncharted Interface; Thermo Trace GC coupled to ThermoFinnigan DELTAplus XP (GC-C-IRMS); Time in days; δ13C, carbon dioxide; δ13C, carbon dioxide, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 720 data points
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