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  • 1
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    EUREC4A (2021)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The science guiding the EUREC4A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC4A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC4A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC4A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: video
    Format: video
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  • 2
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    FESSTVaL: the Field Experiment on Submesoscale Spatio-Temporal Variability in Lindenberg (2023)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Numerical weather prediction models operate on grid spacings of a few kilometers, where deep convection begins to become resolvable. Around this scale, the emergence of coherent structures in the planetary boundary layer, often hypothesized to be caused by cold pools, forces the transition from shallow to deep convection. Yet, the kilometer-scale range is typically not resolved by standard surface operational measurement networks. The measurement campaign FESSTVaL aimed at addressing this gap by observing atmospheric variability at the hectometer to kilometer scale, with a particular emphasis on cold pools, wind gusts and coherent patterns in the planetary boundary layer during summer. A unique feature was the distribution of 150 self-developed and low-cost instruments. More specifically, FESSTVaL included dense networks of 80 autonomous cold pool loggers, 19 weather stations and 83 soil sensor systems, all installed in a rural region of 15-km radius in eastern Germany, as well as self-developed weather stations handed out to citizens. Boundary layer and upper air observations were provided by 8 Doppler lidars and 4 microwave radiometers distributed at 3 supersites; water vapor and temperature were also measured by advanced lidar systems and an infrared spectrometer; and rain was observed by a X-band radar. An uncrewed aircraft, multicopters and a small radiometer network carried out additional measurements during a four-week period. In this paper, we present FESSTVaL’s measurement strategy and show first observational results including unprecedented highly-resolved spatio-temporal cold-pool structures, both in the horizontal as well as in the vertical dimension, associated with overpassing convective systems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Unified Airborne Active and Passive Microwave Measurements over Arctic Sea Ice and Ocean during the HALO-(AC)³ Campaign in Spring 2022 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-11
    Description: The Halo Microwave Package (HAMP), deployed onboard the High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft (HALO), performed measurements over the Arctic ocean and sea-ice during the HALO-(AC)³ campaign in March and April 2022. After the transfer flight (RF01) from Oberpfaffenhofen (Germany), 17 research flight (RF) days started from Kiruna, Sweden and heading northwards to the Fram Strait and central Arctic. Here, HAMP measurements were taken in different weather conditions comprising high impact synoptic events such as warm air intrusions, atmospheric rivers, cold air outbreaks or polar lows. We provide a dataset of active and passive microwave HAMP measurements, i.e. from the cloud and precipitation radar and the radiometers respectively. The radar operates at a frequency of 35 GHz while the microwave radiometer measurements comprise 25 channels in the frequency range between 22 and 190 GHz. Our dataset delivers time-series of brightness temperatures from the radiometers, and the radar reflectivity factor and linear depolarization ratio from the radar in a unified format. The unified and processed dataset provides the post-calibrated and quality-controlled measurements from both devices in a collocated temporal 1 Hz resolution applicable for joint analysis. An adherent surface mask distinguishes between three predominant overpassed surface types (land, sea, and sea-ice). The radar measurements are further unified in a vertical grid having 30 m resolution. Our unified dataset allows for wide-spread analysis of evolving arctic cloud and moisture properties over the remote Arctic ocean.
    Keywords: AC; AC3; Airborne Data; Aircraft; Arctic Amplification; Arctic clouds; Atmospheric and Earth System Research with HALO – High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft; Date/Time of event; Event label; HALO; HALO_220311a; HALO_220312a; HALO_220313a; HALO_220314a; HALO_220315a; HALO_220316a; HALO_220320a; HALO_220321a; HALO_220328a; HALO_220329a; HALO_220330a; HALO_220401a; HALO_220404a; HALO_220407a; HALO_220408a; HALO_220410a; HALO_220411a; HALO_220412a; HALO_AC3; HALO-(AC)³; Image; microwave radiometer; Microwave Radiometer; MRA; netCDF file; radar; Radar; RF01; RF02; RF03; RF04; RF05; RF06; RF07; RF08; RF09; RF10; RF11; RF12; RF13; RF14; RF15; RF16; RF17; RF18; SPP1294
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 72 data points
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