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  • Articles  (30)
  • 04.08. Volcanology  (30)
  • 2020-2024  (30)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969
  • 1
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    The Italian Quaternary volcanism (2024)
    AIQUA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: The peninsular and insular Italy are punctuated by Quaternary volcanoes and their rocks constitute an important aliquot of the Italian Quaternary sedimentary successions. Also away from volcanoes itself, volcanic ash layers are a common and frequent feature of the Quaternary records, which provide us with potential relevant stratigraphic and chronological markers at service of a wide array of the Quaternary science issues. In this paper, a broad representation of the Italian volcanological community has joined to provide an updated comprehensive state of art of the Italian Quaternary volcanism. The eruptive history, style and dynamics and, in some cases, the hazard assessment of about thirty Quaternary volcanoes, from the northernmost Mt. Amiata, in Tuscany, to the southernmost Pantelleria, in Sicily Channel, are here reviewed in the light of the substantial improving of the conceptual models, methodological approaches and the overall knowledge made in the last decades in the volcanological field study. We hope that the prest review can represent an useful and agile document summarising the knowledege on the Italian volcanism at the service of the Quaternary community operating in central Mediterranean area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 221-284
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Stratigraphy, Geochronology, geochemistry, Quaternary volcanism, eruptive history, Italy ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (ChEESE): Implementation, results, and roadmap for the second phase (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-27
    Description: The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (ChEESE) develops exascale transition capabilities in the domain of Solid Earth, an area of geophysics rich in computational challenges embracing different approaches to exascale (capability, capacity, and urgent computing). The first implementation phase of the project (ChEESE-1P; 2018–2022) addressed scientific and technical computational challenges in seismology, tsunami science, volcanology, and magnetohydrodynamics, in order to understand the phenomena, anticipate the impact of natural disasters, and contribute to risk management. The project initiated the optimisation of 10 community flagship codes for the upcoming exascale systems and implemented 12 Pilot Demonstrators that combine the flagship codes with dedicated workflows in order to address the underlying capability and capacity computational challenges. Pilot Demonstrators reaching more mature Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) were further enabled in operational service environments on critical aspects of geohazards such as long-term and short-term probabilistic hazard assessment, urgent computing, and early warning and probabilistic forecasting. Partnership and service co-design with members of the project Industry and User Board (IUB) leveraged the uptake of results across multiple research institutions, academia, industry, and public governance bodies (e.g. civil protection agencies). This article summarises the implementation strategy and the results from ChEESE-1P, outlining also the underpinning concepts and the roadmap for the on-going second project implementation phase (ChEESE-2P; 2023–2026).
    Description: EU
    Description: Published
    Description: 47-61
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: HPC ; Physical models ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Lahar events in the last 2000 years from Vesuvius eruptions – Part 3: Hazard assessment over the Campanian Plain (2024)
    Egu-Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: In this study we present a novel general methodology for probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment (PVHA) for lahars. We apply the methodology to perform a probabilistic assessment in the Campanian Plain (southern Italy), focusing on syn-eruptive lahars from a reference size eruption from Somma–Vesuvius. We take advantage of new field data relative to volcaniclastic flow deposits in the target region (Di Vito et al., 2024b) and recent improvements in modelling lahars (de' Michieli Vitturi et al., 2024). The former allowed defining proper probability density functions for the parameters related to the flow initial conditions, and the latter allowed computationally faster model runs. In this way, we are able to explore the effects of uncertainty in the initial flow conditions on the invasion of lahars in the target area by sampling coherent sets of values for the input model parameters and performing a large number of simulations. We also account for the uncertainty in the position of lahar generation by running the analysis on 11 different catchments threatening the Campanian Plain. The post-processing of the simulation outputs led to the production of hazard curves for the maximum flow thickness reached on a grid of points covering the Campanian Plain. By cutting the hazard curves at selected threshold values, we produce a portfolio of hazard maps and probability maps for the maximum flow thickness. We also produce hazard surface and probability maps for the simultaneous exceeding of pairs of thresholds in flow thickness and dynamic pressure. The latter hazard products represent, on one hand, a novel product in PVHA for lahars and, on the other hand, a useful means of impact assessment by assigning a probability to the occurrence of lahars that simultaneously have a relevant flow thickness and large dynamic pressure.
    Description: Published
    Description: 459-476
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Lahar ; Somma-Vesuvius ; Volcanic Hazards ; Sub-Plinian eruptions ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Lahar events in the last 2000 years from Vesuvius eruptions – Part 1: Distribution and impact on densely inhabited territory estimated from field data analysis (2024)
    Egu-Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Lahars represent some of the most dangerous phenomena in volcanic areas for their destructive power, causing dramatic changes in the landscape with no premonitory signs and impacting the population and infrastructure. In this regard, the Campanian Plain turns out to be very prone to the development of these phenomena, since the slopes of the Somma–Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei volcanoes, along with the Apennine reliefs, are mantled by pyroclastic deposits that can be easily remobilized, especially after intense and/or prolonged rainfall. This study focuses on the analysis of pyroclastic fall and flow deposits and of the syn- and post-eruptive lahar deposits related to two sub-Plinian eruptions of Vesuvius in 472 CE (Pollena) and 1631. To begin with, historical and field data from the existing literature and from hundreds of outcrops were collected and organized into a database, which was integrated with several new pieces of data. In particular, stratigraphic, sedimentological (facies analysis and laboratory), and archeological analyses were carried out, in addition to rock magnetic investigations and impact parameter calculations. The new data are also referenced to the finding of ash beds in more distal areas, which were included in new isopach maps for the two sub-Plinian eruptions. The results show that for both eruptions the distribution of the primary deposits is wider than previously known. A consequence of these results is that a wider areal impact should be expected in terms of civil protection, as the sub-Plinian scenario is the reference one for a future large eruption of Vesuvius. Such a distribution of the pyroclastic deposits directly affects the one of the lahar deposits, also because a significant remobilization took place during and after the studied eruptions, which involved distal phreatomagmatic ash. From these integrated analyses, it was possible to constrain the timing of the deposition and the kind of deposits remobilized (pyroclastic fall vs. flow), and it was possible to calculate the velocities and dynamic pressures of the lahars and ultimately infer the lahar transport and emplacement mechanisms. The multidisciplinary approach adopted in this work shows how it is crucial to assess the impact of lahars in densely populated areas even at distances of several to tens of kilometers from active volcanoes. This especially applies to large parts of the densely populated areas around Somma–Vesuvius up to the nearby Apennine valleys.
    Description: Published
    Description: 405-436
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Lahar ; Somma-Vesuvius ; Volcanic Hazards ; Sub-Plinian eruptions ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Impact assessment caused by bradyseism phenomena in the Campi Flegrei area (2024)
    Frontiers S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Campi Flegrei (Italy) is among the areas with the greatest volcanic explosive risk in the world due to the dangerousness of the expected hazards, the high exposed value (about 500,000 people will be evacuated during the “alarm phase”), and the vulnerability of the urban settlements under the effect of the volcanic phenomena. The last two dramatic bradyseism phases occurred in 1969–1972 and 1982–1984 when Pozzuoli town was affected by rapid ground inflation, which brought an overall higher level of about 3.5 m and caused numerous earthquakes (M ≤ 4.2), with severe damage to buildings. During 1984, the seismicity was intense, with 33 events with 0.5 〈 M ≤ 3 and six with 3 〈 M ≤ 3.8. Subsequently, the Campi Flegrei caldera was characterized by general subsidence for about 20 years until 2005, when a new inflation period started and is still ongoing (∼1 m). The areal distribution of the recent uplift is characterized by the maximum vertical displacement in the town of Pozzuoli, with a radial decrease from the caldera center outwards. The need to better understand Campi Flegrei volcanic activity is fundamental to protecting the population from hazards linked to explosive volcanic eruptions and understanding the role of seismicity as a possible precursor of a potential eruption. In this perspective, as part of the activities of the PLINIVS Study Centre (Centre of Competence of Italian Civil Protection Department for Volcanic Risk), the authors developed a procedure, implemented in a web application, that relates the monitoring of the ground deformation with the behavior of buildings to evaluate the level of progressive damage to the ordinary Phlegraean buildings due to bradyseism in near real time. This study describes the models adopted for the three impact/risk factors (hazard, exposure, and vulnerability) used to estimate building damage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1129175
    Description: OSV4: Preparazione alle crisi vulcaniche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    On the external forcing of global eruptive activity in the past 300 years (2023)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-25
    Description: The decryption of the temporal sequence of volcanic eruptions is a key step in better anticipating future events. Volcanic activity is the result of a complex interaction between internal and external processes, with time scales spanning multiple orders of magnitude. We review periodicities that have been detected or correlated with volcanic eruptions/phenomena and interpreted as resulting from external forces. Taking a global perspective and longer time scales than a few years, we approach this interaction by analyzing three time series using singular spectral analysis: the global number of volcanic eruptions (NVE) between 1700 and 2022, the number of sunspots (ISSN), a proxy for solar activity, the polar motion (PM) and length of day (lod), two proxies for gravitational force. Several pseudo-periodicities are common to NVE and ISSN, in addition to the 11-year Schwabe cycle that has been reported in previous work, but NVE shares even more periodicities with PM. These quasi-periodic components range from ~5 to ~130 years. We interpret our analytical results in light of the Laplace's paradigm and propose that, similarly to the movement of Earth's rotation axis, global eruptive activity is modulated by commensurable orbital moments of the Jovian planets, whose influence is also detected in solar activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1254855
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: worldwide volcanic eruptions, polar motion, sunspot number, planetary orbital moments, Laplace theory, external forcing ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.07. Space and Planetary sciences
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    A multiparametric-multilayer comparison of the preparation phase of two geophysical events in the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone: the 2019 M7.2 Kermadec earthquake and 2022 Hunga Ha'apai eruption (2024)
    Frontiers S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: The Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone represents one of the most active areas from both seismic and volcanic points of view. Recently, two planetary-scale geophysical events took place there: the 2019 M7.2 earthquake (EQ) with the epicentre in Kermadec Islands (New Zealand) and the astonishing 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano. Based on the Lithosphere-Atmosphere- Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) models, we analysed the three geolayers with a multiparametric approach to detect any effect on the occasion of the two events, through a comparison aimed at identifying the physics processes that interested phenomena of different nature but in the same tectonic context. For the lithosphere, we conducted a seismic analysis of the sequence culminating with themain shock in Kermadec Islands and the sequence of EQs preceding the HTHH volcanic eruption, in both cases considering the magnitude attributed to the released energy in the lithosphere within the respective Dobrovolsky area. Moving to the above atmosphere, the attention was focused on the parameters—gases, temperature, pressure—possibly influenced by the preparation or the occurrence of the events. Finally, the ionosphere was examined by means of ground and satellite observations, including also magnetic and electric field, finding some interesting anomalous signals in both case studies, in a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. The joint study of the effects seen before, during and after the two events enabled us to clarify the LAIC in this complex context. The observed similarities in the effects of the two geophysical events can be explained by their slightly different manifestations of releasing substantial energy resulting from a shared geodynamic origin. This origin arises from the thermodynamic interplay between a rigid lithosphere and a softer asthenosphere within the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone, which forms the underlying tectonic context.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1267411
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 2019 Kermadec Islands earthquake ; 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption ; LAIC models ; Swarm satellites ; CSES-01 satellite ; Kermadec-Tonga subduction area ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    1841 | 2016 Osservatorio Vesuviano, 175 anni dalla nascita (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-04
    Description: These are the panels of an exhibition "1841 | 2016 Osservatorio Vesuviano 175 anni dalla nascita" displayed during an event of the same title which was held on 7 December 2016 at the Maritime Station of Naples, organized by the National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Stazione Marittima, Napoli
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilità
    Keywords: vesuvio ; Osservatorio Vesuviano ; Macedonio Melloni ; Giuseppe Mercalli ; Luigi Palmieri ; divulgazione scientifica ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 9
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    Transtension at the Northern Termination of the Alfeo-Etna Fault System (Western Ionian Sea, Italy): Seismotectonic Implications and Relation with Mt. Etna Volcanism (2023)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Offshore data in the western Ionian Sea indicate that the NW–SE-trending dextral shear zone of the Alfeo–Etna Fault System turns to the N–S direction near the Ionian coastline, where the extensional Timpe Fault System is located. Morpho-structural data show that NW–SE-trending right-lateral strikeslip faults connect the Timpe Fault System with the upper slope of the volcano, where the eruptive activity mainly occurs along the N–S to NE–SW-trending fissures. Fault systems are related to the ~E–Wtrending extension and they are seismically active having given rise to shallow and low-moderate magnitude earthquakes in the last 150 years. As a whole, morpho-structural, geodetic and seismological data, seismic profiles and bathymetric maps suggest that similar geometric and kinematic features characterize the shear zone both on the eastern flank of the volcano and in the Ionian offshore. The Alfeo– Etna Fault System probably represents a major kinematic boundary in the western Ionian Sea associated with the Africa–Europe plate convergence since it accommodates, by right-lateral kinematics, the differential motion of adjacent western Ionian compartments. Along this major tectonic alignment, crustal structures such as releasing bends, pull-apart basins and extensional horsetails occur both offshore and on-land, where they probably represent the pathway for magma uprising from depth
    Description: This research was funded by the Catania University PIA.CE.RI. Project (linea 2) “Interaction between volcanic activity and active tectonic processes in the Mt. Etna area (InvultEtna). The research has moreover benefited from funding provided by the agreement between Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) and the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
    Description: Published
    Description: 128
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ionian Sea ; Mt. Etna ; seismic reflection data ; GNSS data ; tectonic-driven volcanism ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Reconstructing Pyroclastic Currents' Source and Flow Parameters From Deposit Characteristics and Numerical Modeling: The Pozzolane Rosse Ignimbrite Case Study (Colli Albani, Italy) (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-13
    Description: In this study, we apply a two-dimensional, transient depth-averaged model to simulate the inertial flow dynamics of caldera-forming pyroclastic currents, using the available data about the Pozzolane Rosse ignimbrite (Colli Albani, Italy) eruption (460 ka, 63 km3 DRE). By performing an extensive set of numerical simulations, we test the effects of the initial parameters of the pyroclastic current (Richardson number, mass flow rate, initial flow density) on simulated deposit characteristics which can be compared with selected ignimbrite field observables, including the deposit dispersal along topography, the maximum distance from source, the deposit thickness, the grain size distribution at different distances, and the emplacement temperature. Results permit us to quantify the first-order dependency of the flow runout on the mass flow rate, and of the deposit thickness decay pattern on the initial mixture density. By using the results of the parametric study we reconstruct the source parameters of the Pozzolane Rosse ignimbrite constrained by the ignimbrite depositional characteristics, including the mass partition into the co-ignimbrite cloud. Despite uncertainties associated with the complex, non-linear interplay between the flow variables, the single-layer, depth-averaged model demonstrates to be suitable for simulating inertial pyroclastic currents, such as those generating large-scale caldera-forming ignimbrites, providing a tool for reconstructing the eruption source parameters from deposits characteristics, and to assess pyroclastic currents' hazard for future eruptions.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021JB023637
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: numerical modeling, ignimbrites ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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