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  • Ultrastructure  (73)
  • Rats  (53)
  • Springer  (74)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (52)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Frontiers Media SA
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • 2020-2024
  • 1975-1979  (91)
  • 1970-1974  (35)
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  • Springer  (74)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (52)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Frontiers Media SA
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Leydig cells ; Pekin Duck ; Testosterone ; Seasonal cycle ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'ultrastructure des cellules de Leydig et des cellules de Sertoli du testicule du Canard Pékin a été étudiée au cours de la phase printanière du cycle sexuel, soit de janvier à juillet. Parallèlement on a effectué chez les mêemes animaux la recherche histochimique de la Δ5-3 β-hydroxystéroïdedeshydrogénase (Δ5-3 β-HSDH) ainsi que le dosage, par chromatographie en phase gazeuse des stéroïdes androgènes dans le plasma veineux périphérique et dans le testicule. Les cellules de Leydig du Canard possèdent les organites cytoplasmiques spécifiques des cellules stéroïdogènes (reticulum lisse, mitochondries à crêtes tubulaires) ainsi que d'autres structures souvent rencontrées dans ce type cellulaire (microfilaments, vacuoles, granules denses). Les cellules de Sertoli contiennent un reticulum agranulaire moins développé que celui des cellules de Leydig et, très rarement, des mitochondries à crêtes tubulaires. Ces divers organites cytoplasmiques subissent un cycle saisonnier. La différenciation du reticulum lisse et des crêtes mitochondriales tubulaires commence en janvier et atteint son optimum en mars. Leur régression s'amorce en avril; d'abord accompagnée de structures dégénératives transitoires; elle conduit à la dispartion totale de ces organites en mait. Aucun indice de nécrose n'est observé dans ces cellules. Histochimiquement, une activité Δ5-3 β-HSDH est présente dans les cellules de Leydig et, à un degré moindre, dans les tubes séminifères. Son intensité varie au cours du cycle. La confrontation de l'étude morphologique avec les résultats des dosages hormonaux montre qu'il existe une bonne corrélation entre le développement puis la régression du reticulum lisse et des crêtes tubulaires des mitochondries ainsi que des critères histochimiques de la Δ5-3 β-HSDH d'une part et l'évolution de la testostérone plasmatique et testiculaire d'autre part. De plus on observe une augmentation du rapport testostérone/Δ4-androstènedione testiculaire parallèlement au développement des organites cytoplasmiques. Ces organites semblent donc bien impliqués dans la synthèse et la sécrétion de la testostérone chez le Canard.
    Notes: Summary Leydig and Sertoli cells of the testis of the Pekin duck were studied ultrastructurally during the spring phase of the sexual cycle, from January to July. Simultaneously, in the same animals, Δ5-3 β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase (Δ5-3 β-HSDH) activity was ascertained histochemically and androgenic steroids of the plasma and testes were assayed by gas-liquid chromatography. The Leydig cells of the duck possess cytoplasmic organelles specific to steroidogenic cells (smooth reticulum, tubular mitochondria) as well as other structures often found in this cell type (microfilaments, vacuoles, denses bodies). The Sertoli cells contain an agranular reticulum that is less developed than that of the Leydig cells, and rarely show mitochondria with tubular cristae. These various cytoplasmic organelles undergo a seasonal cycle. The differentiation of the smooth reticulum and the mitochondrial tubular cristae begins in January and reaches a maximum in March. They begin to regress in April, at first with transitory degenerative structures, and then by total disappearance of these organelles by May. No indication of necrosis is observed in the cells. Histochemically Δ5-3 β-HSDH activity is present in the Leydig cells, and to a slightly lesser degree in the seminiferous tubules. The intensity varies during the cycle. The comparison of the results of the morphological study with the hormone assays shows that a good correlation exists with the development and regression of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and tubular cristae in the mitochondria, as well as the histochemical criteria of the Δ5-3 β-HSDH on one hand, and the levels of plasma and testicular testosterone on the other hand. In addition there is an increase in the ratio of testicular testosterone to Δ4-androstenedione which parallels the development of the cytoplasmic organelles. These organelles thus seem to be implicated in the synthesis and secretion of testosterone in the duck.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 483-497 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid body ; Domestic fowl ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic studies of the carotid body of the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) have shown Type I and Type II cells combined with axons into compact groups. The many Type I cells in the depths of the organ had a body, containing the nucleus, and an elongated, flared process. Some of the Type I cells in the superficial regions tended to be spindle-shaped. Type I cells were characterised by membrane-bound, dense-cored vesicles about 120 nm in diameter. Type II cells invested the Type I cells and had axons embedded in them as in Schwann cells. The fine structure of the carotid body in the domestic fowl resembles that of the Lovebird (Uroloncha domestica) and of various amphibia and mammals. The possibility is discussed that the Type I cells may have a chemoreceptor or a general secretory function, or even both pathway for functions together. The main role of the Type II cells seems to be to provide a of these axons leading to or from Type I cells.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 459-473 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid body ; Domestic fowl ; Reciprocal synapses ; Afferent axons ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Efferent and reciprocal synapses have been demonstrated in the carotid body of the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus). Synapses were also found with purely afferent morphology, but were probably components of reciprocal synapses. The general morphology of the endings suggested the presence of two types of axon, afferent axons making reciprocal and perhaps afferent synapses with Type I cells, and efferent axons making efferent synapses with Type I cells. A few axo-dendritic synapses were also found. The dense-cored vesicles associated with the afferent components of reciprocal synapses and with the possible true afferent synapses varied in diameter and core but could belong to one population of presynaptic vesicles. These observations are consistent with a new theory for the carotid body receptor mechanism. This proposes a spontaneously discharging afferent axon inhibited by an inhibitory transmitter substance released by the Type I cell via the “afferent” component of its reciprocal synapse, the “efferent” component inhibiting this release. Besides this chemoreceptor modulation of its afferent axon, the Type I cell may also have a general secretory function.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 165 (1975), S. 23-36 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensory receptor ; Compound eye ; Insect ; Ultrastructure ; Scanning and transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The compound eye of female (diploid) Xyleborus ferrugineus beetles was examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The eye is emarginate, and externally consists of roughly 70–100 facets. Each ommatidium is composed of a thickly biconvex lenslet with about 50 electron dense and rare layers. The lens facet overlies a crystalline cone of the acone type which is roughly hourglass-shaped. Pigment cells envelop the entire ommatidium, and pigment granules also are abundant throughout the cytoplasm of the 8 retinular cells. The rhabdomeres of 2 centrally situated photoreceptor cells effectively fuse into a rhabdom that extends from the base of the crystalline cone deeply into the ommatidium. Six distal peripheral retinular cells encircle the 2 central cells, and their rhabdomeres join laterally to form a rhabdomeric ring around the central rhabdom. The rhabdom and rhabdomeric ring are effectively separated by the cytoplasm of the two central retinular cells which contains the usual organelles and an abundance of shielding pigment granules. Eight axons per ommatidium gather in a tracheae-less fascicle before exiting the eye through the fenestrate basement membrane. No tracheation was observed among the retinular cells. Each Semper cell of each observed crystalline cone contained an abundance of virus-like particles near the cell nucleus. The insect is laboratory reared, and the visual system seems very amenable to photoreceptor investigations.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Leukocytes ; Coelomocytes ; Earthworms ; Immunity ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Coelomocytes of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Four morphological cell types are distinguishable: lymphocytic coelomocytes, granulocytic coelomocytes, eleocytes (chloragogen cells), and inclusion-containing coelomocytes. Within these major categories, several distinct cell types differ and may represent developmental stages. The two types of lymphocytic coelomocytes are small with central nuclei and scanty cytoplasms. Two types of granulocytic coelomocytes differ greatly in shape and content; both have small dark-staining granules that resemble lysosomes. Electrocytes, derived from chloragogen tissue, contain a variety of granules, inclusions and vacuoles. Inclusion-containing coelomocytes appear as two types which may be immature and mature forms. Although these cells resemble those that have been referred to as erythroid cells in other invertebrates, the large inclusion bodies are apparently unrelated to hemoglobin; they can undergo morphologic transformation and be extruded by exocytosis. This information on lymphocytic, granulocytic and inclusion-containing coelomocytes is crucial to understanding more about cellular immunity in the earthworm.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1979-08-31
    Description: The Na+,k+-adenosine triphosphatase-inhibiting activity of digitalis genins and their analogs is a function of side-group carbonyl (C = O) oxygen position. For each 2.2 angstroms that this oxygen is displaced from its position in digitoxigenin, activity drops by one order of magnitude. This quantitative relation resolves previously proposed models which have attempted to describe the molecular basis of genin activity. A multidisciplinary (crystallographic, conformational energy, synthetic, biological) approach to structure-activity relations is described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fullerton, D S -- Yoshioka, K -- Rohrer, D C -- From, A H -- Ahmed, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 31;205(4409):917-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/224455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/enzymology ; Digitalis Glycosides/*pharmacology ; Molecular Conformation ; Rats ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1978-09-22
    Description: The hypothesis tested was that the effects of early experiences are asymmetrically distributed in the two brain hemispheres. Litters were either handled or not handled between birth and weaning, and the weanlings were reared in either laboratory cages or enriched environments between 21 and 50 days. When approximately 135 days old, animals within each of the four treatment groups had a right neocortical ablation, a left neocortical ablation, a sham operation, or no surgery. About 1 month later, all animals were given the open-field test for emotionality and exploratory behavior. Ablating either the right or left neocortex increased the activity scores of nonhandled controls, but there was no evidence of lateralization. However, the groups handled in infancy did show lateralization. Ablating the left brain did not significantly increase activity, but ablating the right brain caused extreme scores: handled rats without enrichment experience were the most active, and handled rats also placed into the enriched environment had near-zero scores in the open field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denenberg, V H -- Garbanati, J -- Sherman, D A -- Yutzey, D A -- Kaplan, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 22;201(4361):1150-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/684436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Emotions/physiology ; *Environment ; Exploratory Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Functional Laterality/*physiology ; Handling (Psychology)/*physiology ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: Intracaudate injections of kainic acid destroy striatal neurons containing acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid but leave dopaminergic nerve terminals in this brain region intact. Rats injected with the drug are aphagic and adipsic, and have other behavioral abnormalities strikingly similar to those seen in animals with lesions in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal bundle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pettibone, D J -- Kaufman, N -- Scally, M C -- Meyer, E Jr -- Ulus, I -- Lytle, L D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1175-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Caudate Nucleus/*drug effects/physiology ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drinking Behavior/*drug effects ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Kainic Acid/*pharmacology ; Male ; Posture ; Pyrrolidines/*pharmacology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1978-01-13
    Description: Tricyclic antidepressants vary in their capacity to cause psychomotor activation, to relieve agitated depressive states, and to cause sedation and hypotension. We have quantified relative potencies of tricyclic antidepressants in competing for the binding of 3H-labeled WB-4101 to alpha-noradrenergic receptor sites in rat brain membranes. Affinities of tricyclic drugs for alpha-noradrenergic receptor sites in the brain correlate well with the capacity of these agents to relieve psychomotor agitation and to induce sedation and hypotension; these affinities also correlate inversely with tendencies to elicit psychomotor activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉U'Prichard, D C -- Greenberg, D A -- Sheehan, P P -- Snyder, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 13;199(4325):197-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/202024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Binding, Competitive ; Brain/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypotension/chemically induced ; Psychomotor Agitation/*drug therapy ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-01-06
    Description: The anticholinergic agent atropine decreases acetylcholine concentrations and increases high-affinity choline uptake in cortical and hippocampal regions of rat brain. Administration of choline 1 hour before atropine prevents both of these atropine-induced alterations. These findings suggest that alterations in acetylcholine precursor availability may modify the effects of centrally active anticholinergic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wecker, L -- Dettbarn, W D -- Schmidt, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 6;199(4324):86-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*metabolism ; Animals ; Atropine/*pharmacology ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Choline/*administration & dosage/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cholinergic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*metabolism ; Male ; Mesencephalon/drug effects/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium/metabolism ; Synaptosomes/drug effects/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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