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  • Chemical Engineering  (642)
  • 2020-2024
  • 1995-1999  (137)
  • 1980-1984  (340)
  • 1965-1969  (165)
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The numerical solution of boundary-layer problems (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 733-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method for numerical solution of boundary-layer problems has greater applicability as well as greater speed and accuracy than the several previously proposed methods. The method uses the Goertler-transformed equations and a nonlinear finite-difference procedure. In most earlier work on difference methods the equations have been linearized at each step parallel to the boundary. The method of treatment of the boundary conditions on the equation of change for energy or mass transfer is shown to have an important influence on accuracy, and a new, more accurate method of treating boundary conditions involving the normal derivative is presented.Typical complete solutions are compared with the several methods. The solutions include both similar and more general flows up to separation, as well as coupling between the momentum and energy-balance equations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110432
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for polymer fatigue (1969)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 121-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Attempts to use low-cycle fatigue techniques derived from the work of Coffin and Manson to predict the fatigue performance of six diverse structural plastics are discussed. Through an analysis of dynamic property and thermal behavior studies of polymer samples in reversed-tension fatigue, an improved model for the polymer fatigue process has been proposed. Laboratory test data are presented illustrating the relationship between the various models.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760090208
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks of a triblock copolymer elastomer and an lonomeric plastic. II. Mechanical behavior (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks, IPN's, are defined as combinations of two physically crosslinked polymers. A styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene (SEBS) triblock elastomer was combined with an ionomer prepared from a random copolymer of styrene, methacrylic acid, and isoprene (90/10/1 by volume), and subsequently neutralized. Two subclasses of the thermoplastic IPN's were identified. A sequential polymerization method yielded the chemically blended thermoplastic IPN's (CBT IPN's). Melt blending of the separately synthesized polymers produced the mechanically blended thermoplastic IPN's (MBT IPN's). Stress-strain and Rheovibron characterization revealed that the CBT IPN's exhibited greater tensile strength and higher elongation at break, but lower moduli than the MBT IPN materials of the same overall composition. Analysis of moduli data with the theories of Takayanagi, Davies, Budiansky, and Kerner disclosed more equal dual phase continuity for the MBT IPN's than the CBT IPN's at each composition. The low modulus of the more rubbery CBT IPN compositions was attributed to a decrease in the effective chain end-to-end distance between crosslinks in the elastomeric (EB) center block, brought about by the synthetic method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210107
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The melting behavior of a low density polyethylene powder in a screw extruder (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental investigation into the performance in general and the melting behavior in particular of a single screw extruder running with a low density polyethylene power has been carried out and the results compared with those for a granular feedstock of low density polyethylene having similar melt properties. It was found that the tendency was for the output rate, pressure generated and specific power consumption to be lower for the powders, and that the removal of barrel heating near the feed hopper increased these parameters. Two melting mechanisms were observed in powder extrusion; one being the classic “Maddock” type, and the other such that the solid bed and melt pool were in reversed positions relative to the Maddock case. There was a trend for this latter mechanism to operate with low screw speeds, shallow channels and full heating. Melt initiation occurred nearer the feed end and melting was completed much more quickly with powders. An explanation of the mechanisms is proposed which is based on the observation of early melt initiation, and the industrial practices of feed zone cooling and increasing feed pressure generation to improve the performance of extruders running with powders are seen to be consistent with this proposition.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rheometer for measuring the viscoelastic response of polymer melts in arbitrary planar and biaxial extensional flow fieldsBased on a paper presented at the VIIIth International Congress of Rheology, Gothenburg, Sweden (1976) (1980)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 20 (1980), S. 535-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we describe the operation of a rheometer that is capable of measuring the viscoelastic response of a polymer melt in a biaxial or planar extensional flow field under circumstances wherein the deformation history can be varied in an arbitrary manner. The principal feature of this rheometer is the use of a closed loop feedback system to control the inflation of a flat, molten polymer sheet clamped around its periphery. The feedback system is especially designed so that either stress or strain can be used as the reference point, thus permitting the deformation history to be varied arbitrarily. Illustrative data are presented on the viscoelastic response of a molten acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer subjected to a planar extensional flow for the following deformation histories: constant stress, constant strain, constant strain rate, oscillatory stress and oscillatory strain.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760200804
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of fiber drawing processes in terms of the filament state variables (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 329-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new method of optimizing the fiber drawing process involving the feed roll, the heated elements and the take-up roll is presented. In this method, the process is described in terms of the filament temperature and filament extension in the drawing zone. This is in contrast to the conventional approach in which the machine control variables such as the heated element temperature, fiber feed velocity and the total draw ratio were used to describe the process. It is shown that the drawing process seldom proceeds by a simple yielding mechanism and that a one-step drawing process usually involves a yield draw followed by a post-yield stretching. Using the drawing of nylon 6 fibers as an example, it is shown that the most critical factors related to achieving the highest fiber strength in drawing from a given precursor are the yarn temperature and yarn extension at yielding and during the post-yield drawing.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760220602
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally stimulated creep of polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers, and blends (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The technique of Thermo Stimulated Creep (TSC) has been applied to the study of anelastic properties of polyethylene, polypropylene, their copolymers and blends. In the temperature range -200 to 100°C, complex TSC peaks were observed in all samples, namely around 0°C, about the same temperature as for the homopolypolymer polypropylene. By applying “fractional stresses”, with a convenient choice or the loading program, these peaks have been experimentally resolved. Two components can be distinguished: 1. The “low temperature” component is characterized by mechanical retardation times following a compensation law. It has been attributed to microbrownian motions of polypropylene sequences liberated at the glass transition of the “true” amorphous regions. 2. The “high temperature” component which is influenced by thermal treatment has been assigned to microbrownian motions of polypropylene sequences liberated at the glass transition of the “constrained” amorphous regions. In block polymers, an additional TSC peak is observed around -50°C: it has been associated with the glass transition of ethylene-propylene-rubber (EPR) interphase. The coupling of this interphase with polyethylene and polypropylene phases is insured by diffusion of some ethylene and propylene sequences in-EPR. At about -140°C, a TSC peak associated with the low temperature component of the glass transition of polyethylene can be distinguished in all the materials studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240210
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of residual stress and orientation on the fatigue of injection molded polysulfone (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1173-1180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tensile fatigue behavior of unnotched injection molded polysulfone specimens has been investigated. The effects of orientation and residual stress were studied by comparing asmolded specimens with annealed or annealed and quenched specimens with a known residual stress pattern. The treatments are shown to have differing effects at high stresses, where failure is by shear yielding and necking, and at intermediate stresses, where failure is by fatigue crack propagation. The geometries of fatigue cracks are described for each case. An attempt is made to separate the effects of crack and craze initiation from crack propagation, and cyclic loading from cumulative time under load.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211711
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adjustable discretized population balance for growth and aggregation (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 591-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The discretized population balance (DPB) of Hounslow et al. (1988) is extended to allow the use of an adjustable discretization of the size domain of the form νi+/ν1=2 1/q (where q ≥ 1 and is an integer). All the advantages of Hounslow et al.'s original work are retained: the zeroth and third moments of the particle-size distribution are correctly predicted, and the DPB is simple to solve with no integration within each size interval. The predicted and analytical particle size distributions are in excellent agreement for the cases of nucleation and growth and aggregation alone in batch and in continuous vessels. High-order moments and self-preserving particle-size distributions are accurately predicted when q ≥ 4.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410317
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perturbation analysis of Thomas and Windle's model of Case II transport (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 2025-2035 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thomas and Windle's model of Case II transport is analyzed for a semiinfinite medium by a singular perturbation technique. Two adjacent boundary layers separate equilibrated and dry regions. A thin boundary layer of width ∼ O(M-1/2/ln M), where M (≫1) dictates how rapidly the mixture's viscosity decays with liquid concentration, sits next to the equilibrated outer left region. Here, quasi-steady diffusion balances relaxation. A thicker intermediate layer of width ∼ O(M-1/2) separates the lefthand boundary layer and the dry outer region on the right, where both relaxation and unsteady diffusion participate in the transport. Matching the solutions at leading order specifies the moving front's speed, v: v ∼ M1/2. The analysis indicates that relaxation significantly affects the nearly dry region just ahead of the moving front. This disagrees with the widely accepted view that ordinary diffusion dominates in the nearly dry righthand region. Approximating that ordinary diffusion dominates in this region leads to a stepexponential concentration profile at the front and a simple analytical solution for the front speed, v with the correct M scaling. This approximate result accurately predicts the values of v determined by direct numerical solutions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420723
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