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  • 1
    Call number: M 07.0251
    In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Basement Tectonics
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 179 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 0792337972
    Series Statement: Proceedings of the International Conference on Basement Tectonics 5
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Call number: AR 98/03
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Call number: AR 97/22
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 48 S. + Programm
    Classification:
    A.2.1.
    Language: German
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 4
    Call number: AR 00.0326 / Regal 6
    Type of Medium: GFZ publications
    Classification:
    Geophysical Exploration, Geophysical Prospecting
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-01-21
    Description: An earthquake‐induced stress drop on a megathrust instigates different responses on the upper plate and slab. We mimic homogenous and heterogeneous megathrust interfaces at the laboratory scale to monitor the strain relaxation on two elastically bi‐material plates by establishing analog velocity weakening and neutral materials. A sequential elastic rebound follows the coseismic shear‐stress drop in our elastoplastic‐frictional models: a fast rebound of the upper plate and the delayed and smaller rebound on the elastic belt (model slab). A combination of the rebound of the slab and the rapid relaxation (i.e., elastic restoration) of the upper plate after an elastic overshooting may accelerate the relocking of the megathrust. This acceleration triggers/antedates the failure of a nearby asperity and enhances the early slip reversal in the rupture area. Hence, the trench‐normal landward displacement in the upper plate may reach a significant amount of the entire interseismic slip reversal and speeds up the stress build‐up on the upper plate backthrust that emerges self‐consistently at the downdip end of the seismogenic zones. Moreover, the backthrust switches its kinematic mode from a normal to reverse mechanism during the coseismic and postseismic stages, reflecting the sense of shear on the interface.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Subduction zones, where one tectonic plate slides underneath the other, host the largest earthquakes on earth. Two plates with different physical properties define the upper and lower plates in the subduction zones. A frictional interaction at the interface between these plates prevents them from sliding and builds up elastic strain energy until the stress exceeds their strength and releases accumulated energy as an earthquake. The source of the earthquake is located offshore; hence illuminating the plates' reactions to the earthquakes is not as straightforward as the earthquakes that occur inland. Here we mimic the subduction zone at the scale of an analog model in the laboratory to generate analog earthquakes and carefully monitor our simplified model by employing a high‐resolution monitoring technique. We evaluate the models to examine the feedback relationship between upper and lower plates during and shortly after the earthquakes. We demonstrate that the plates respond differently and sequentially to the elastic strain release: a seaward‐landward motion of the upper plate and an acceleration in the lower plate sliding underneath the upper plate. Our results suggest that these responses may trigger another earthquake in the nearby region and speed up the stress build‐up on other faults.
    Description: Key Points: Seismotectonic scale models provide high‐resolution observations to study the surface deformation signals from shallow megathrust earthquakes. Surface displacement time‐series suggest a sequential elastic rebound of the upper plate and slab during great subduction megathrust earthquakes. Slip reversal may be caused by rapid restoration of the upper plate after overshooting and amplified upper plate motion.
    Description: SUBITOP Marie Sklodowska‐Curie Action project from the European Union's EU Framework Programme
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2022.024
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; analog modeling ; megathrust earthquake ; seismic cycle ; elastic rebound ; upper plate ; overshooting
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 73 (1984), S. 619-649 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The coal rank of organic matter dispersed in sediments of the northern Rhenish Massif including the Eifel permits — having determined the relationship — an evaluation of the tectonic and paleogeothermic evolution of the considered area. Earlier views on this subject are confirmed: Anticlinoria develop from geosynclinal zones of relatively lesser subsidence with, at the same time, elevated geothermal gradients opposite to the synclinoria. Although subsidence and heat flow appear to be related in this way, the observed temperature field — frozen in the vitrinite reflectance data — probably is due to the effect of the superposition of a prekinematic, differentiated temperature field, influenced by differential subsidence, with a cooling front moving northwards in the géosynclinal filling during uplift. All greater structures visible in the geologic map of the Rhenish Massif result from a congruent synsedimentary pattern of subsidence coupled with an equally differentiated pattern of postkinematic uplift, the latter also being influenced by the geothermal regime. The proper process of folding does not cause more than an overprinting of the preexisting structures.
    Abstract: Résumé La dégradation thermique de la matière organique dispersée dans les sédiments du Schiefergebirge septentrional, y compris l'Eifel, permet, après détermination des relations, d'évaluer l'évolution tectonique et paléogéographique de la région considérée. Les vues antérieures sur ce sujet sont vérifiées: les anticlinaux de premier ordre résultent de zones géosynclinales à subsidence relativement réduite avec, en même temps, des gradients géothermiques élevés relativement aux synclinaux. Quoique subsidence et flux thermique paraissent liés de cette façon, le champ de température observé-attesté par les données de réflectance du vitrin-est probablement l'effet de la superposition d'un champ de température précinématique, codéterminé par des différences de subsidence, et d'un front de refroidissement se déplaçant vers le Nord pendant le soulèvement. Toutes les grandes structures que la cartographie a mis clairement en évidence dans le Schiefergebirge septentrional, sont à rapporter à un modèle de subsidence synsédimentaire associé à un soulèvement postcinématique différentiel, ce dernier peut-être aussi influencé par un régime géothermique. Au plissement proprement dit revient seulement le rôle d'un facteur se superposant aux structures déjà présentes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend vom Maß der Inkohlung organischer Substanz in den Gesteinen des nördlichen Schiefergebirges einschließlich der Eifel können nach der Bestimmung der Beziehungen Aussagen zur tektonischen Evolution und zur Paläogeothermie des betrachteten Gebietes getroffen werden. Es bestätigen sich frühere Ansichten, daß die Großsättel aus Bereichen verminderter Absenkungsgeschwindigkeit in der Geosynklinale mit gleichzeitig relativ höheren geothermischen Gradienten hervorgehen. Obgleich Absenkung und Wärmefluß derart miteinander verbunden scheinen, ist das in den Inkohlungsdaten abgebildete Wärmefeld wahrscheinlich der Effekt einer Überlagerung eines präkinematischen, durch Absenkungsdifferenzen mitbestimmten Wärmefeldes mit einer während der Heraushebung in der Geosynklinalfüllung nordwärts wandernden Abkühlfront. Alle im Kartenbild deutlichen Großstrukturen des nördlichen Schiefergebirges sind auf ein kongruentes synsedimentäres Absenkungsmuster im Verein mit einer — möglicherweise ebenfalls vom thermischen Regime beeinflußten — differentiellen Heraushebung zurückzuführen. Der eigentlichen Faltung kommt dabei nur die Rolle eines die vorhandenen Strukturen überprägenden Faktors zu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 71 (1982), S. 579-601 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract It is proposed to determine certain aspects in the development of a geosyncline by constructing the gradient of coalification. The analysis provides important hints as to the degree of erosion (≈ postorogenic uplift — heigh above sea level), the total thickness of the geosynclinal sediments and the geosynclinal heat flow, which can all be partly evaluated. The application of the proposed method to the Ebbe anticline (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) produces some interesting results; close relations are recognised between the geosynclinal development and the tectonic structure of the anticline and the surrounding synclines. The Ebbe anticline, former zone of relatively lesser subsidence with elevated heat flow and largest uplift is regarded as a model case for the northeastern Schiefergebirge (and other, similarly built mountains?).
    Abstract: Résumé On propose de déterminer certains aspects du développement d'un géosynclinal avec l'aide du gradient de carbonisation. L'analyse donne d'importantes indications sur le degré de l'érosion (≈ soulèvement postorogénique — altitude), la puissance totale des sédiments géosynclinaux et le flux thermique, toutes grandeurs en partie déterminables. L'application de la méthode à l'anticlinal d'Ebbe (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) apporte des résultats intéressants; l'existence de relations étroites entre le développement géosynclinal et la structure tectonique de l'anticlinal et des synclinaux voisins est reconnue. L'anticlinal d'Ebbe, autrefois zone de subsidence relativement faible avec flux thermique élevé et soulévement posttectonique le plus grand est considéré comme modèle pour la partie nord-est du Schiefergebirge (et d'autres montagnes de même type).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird vorgeschlagen, bestimmte Probleme bei der Rekonstruktion der Entwicklung einer Geosynklinale mit Hilfe der Erstellung von Inkohlungskurven anzugehen. Aus deren Analyse ergeben sich wichtige Hinweise auf das Maß der Erosion (≈Heraushebung — Höhe über NN), die Gesamtmächtigkeiten in der Geosynklinale und den Wärmefluß, Größen, die sich teilquantitativ erfassen lassen. Die Anwendung auf den Bereich des Ebbegroßsattels (nordöstliches Schiefergebirge) vermittelt interessante Ergebnisse; enge Beziehungen zwischen Großtektonik und vorangehender Geosynklinalentwicklung werden erkannt. Der Großsattel als ehemalige Zone relativ geringer Absenkung mit erhöhtem Wärmefluß und maximaler Heraushebung wird als Modellfall für das nordöstliche Schiefergebirge (auch andere, ähnliche Orogene?) angesehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1997-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-1376
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-5269
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-07-01
    Description: Oil-producing sills are commonly considered atypical reservoirs, although they can hold significant exploration potential. The need for a better understanding of fracture properties and petroleum system characteristics for this and similar igneous rock plays is the main motivation of our study. We explore the evolution of this play type by an analysis of the Los Cavaos oil field, located in the Malargue fold belt of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina, integrating multiscale fracture data from outcrops and subsurface. The field was created by a combination of intrusions and mild Miocene-Pliocene inversion. Production stems from thick cavity zones in naturally fractured andesitic sills emplaced in Upper Jurassic shale source rocks. Orientation patterns, fracture spacing, and length of fracture sets in the sill are consistent over several orders of magnitude. Large multiply connected and weakly cemented fractures are responsible for excellent interconnectedness in the reservoir. Fracture density is correlated with fault proximity, indicating a cogenetic evolution during active deformation. Abundant fractures in core with strike-slip to oblique striations support transpressional overprint during and after fracture formation. Although it is challenging to separate cooling from tectonic fractures, we propose two phases of fracturing, marked by a coexistence of subvertical and oblique fractures together with transpressional striae. Petrographic evidence suggests initial local oil expulsion and migration through microfractures, with opening displacements of 0.01 to 1 mm, followed by subsequent charging of the evolving intrasill cavity system as well as the bulk fracture system during cooling and mild deformation. We suggest that the observed patterns may be extrapolated to sills in similar geotectonic settings.
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 0149-1423
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
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