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  • 1
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Ceramide, synthesis of diastereomers ; Ceramide lactoside, synthesis of diastereomers ; Glycosphingolipids ; Carbohydrates ; Starfishes ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The diastereomeric ceramides, (2S,3S,4R)-, (2S,3S,4S)-, (2S,3R,4S)-, and (2S,3R,4R)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-1,3,4-hexadecanetriols 5-8 and the corresponding ceramide lactosides 1-4 have been synthesized. Compound 1 is almost identical with the natural specimen, acanthalactoside A. The physical data of these diastereomeric compounds are most useful to determine the stereochemistry of ceramides and ceramide lactosides, either isolated from natural sources or obtained by partial hydrolysis of gangliosides.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1990 (1990), S. 1063-1068 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Glycosphingolipids ; Cerebrosides ; Carbohydrates ; Acanthacerebroside A ; Acanthaster planci ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (R)-2-Hydroxytetracosanoic acid (2), prepared by using the chiral building block benzyl (R)-2,3-epoxypropyl ether (7), was coupled to (2S,3S,4R)-2-amino-1,3,4-hexadecanetriol (3) to give the ceramide 4. Glycosidation of 4 with D-glucopyranose affords acanthacerebroside A, (2S,3S,4R)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-[(R)-2-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-1,3,4-hexadecanetriol (1).
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1990 (1990), S. 1069-1078 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Phytosphingosine ; Sphingosine ; Oxazoline ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diastereomeric D-ribo-(2S,3S,4R)-, D-lyxo-(2S,3S,4S)-, D-arabino-(2S,3R,4S)-, and D-xylo-(2S,3R,4R)-C16-phytosphingosine tetraacetates 2-5 were synthesized from the oxazoline 11 derived from (S)-serine. Detailed physical data were obtained and the stereochemistry can be readily identified, regardless of any new phytosphingosine moiety of the glucosphingolipids which may be detected in nature.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2008-08-22
    Description: Interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4(+) T lymphocytes (T(H)17 cells) constitute a subset of T-helper cells involved in host defence and several immune disorders. An intriguing feature of T(H)17 cells is their selective and constitutive presence in the intestinal lamina propria. Here we show that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) that can be derived from commensal bacteria activates a unique subset of lamina propria cells, CD70(high)CD11c(low) cells, leading to the differentiation of T(H)17 cells. Germ-free mice exhibit much lower concentrations of luminal ATP, accompanied by fewer lamina propria T(H)17 cells, compared to specific-pathogen-free mice. Systemic or rectal administration of ATP into these germ-free mice results in a marked increase in the number of lamina propria T(H)17 cells. A CD70(high)CD11c(low) subset of the lamina propria cells expresses T(H)17-prone molecules, such as IL-6, IL-23p19 and transforming-growth-factor-beta-activating integrin-alphaV and -beta8, in response to ATP stimulation, and preferentially induces T(H)17 differentiation of co-cultured naive CD4(+) T cells. The critical role of ATP is further underscored by the observation that administration of ATP exacerbates a T-cell-mediated colitis model with enhanced T(H)17 differentiation. These observations highlight the importance of commensal bacteria and ATP for T(H)17 differentiation in health and disease, and offer an explanation of why T(H)17 cells specifically present in the intestinal lamina propria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Atarashi, Koji -- Nishimura, Junichi -- Shima, Tatsuichiro -- Umesaki, Yoshinori -- Yamamoto, Masahiro -- Onoue, Masaharu -- Yagita, Hideo -- Ishii, Naoto -- Evans, Richard -- Honda, Kenya -- Takeda, Kiyoshi -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 9;455(7214):808-12. doi: 10.1038/nature07240. Epub 2008 Aug 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18716618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Antigens, CD11c/metabolism ; Antigens, CD70/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Colitis/chemically induced/immunology/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Germ-Free Life ; Immunoglobulin A/analysis/immunology ; Interleukin-17/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mucous Membrane/*cytology/*drug effects/immunology/microbiology ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*cytology/*drug effects/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-11-06
    Description: The activation of innate immune responses by nucleic acids is crucial to protective and pathological immunities and is mediated by the transmembrane Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic receptors. However, it remains unknown whether a mechanism exists that integrates these nucleic-acid-sensing systems. Here we show that high-mobility group box (HMGB) proteins 1, 2 and 3 function as universal sentinels for nucleic acids. HMGBs bind to all immunogenic nucleic acids examined with a correlation between affinity and immunogenic potential. Hmgb1(-/-) and Hmgb2(-/-) mouse cells are defective in type-I interferon and inflammatory cytokine induction by DNA or RNA targeted to activate the cytosolic nucleic-acid-sensing receptors; cells in which the expression of all three HMGBs is suppressed show a more profound defect, accompanied by impaired activation of the transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. The absence of HMGBs also severely impairs the activation of TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 by their cognate nucleic acids. Our results therefore indicate a hierarchy in the nucleic-acid-mediated activation of immune responses, wherein the selective activation of nucleic-acid-sensing receptors is contingent on the more promiscuous sensing of nucleic acids by HMGBs. These findings may have implications for understanding the evolution of the innate immune system and for the treatment of immunological disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yanai, Hideyuki -- Ban, Tatsuma -- Wang, ZhiChao -- Choi, Myoung Kwon -- Kawamura, Takeshi -- Negishi, Hideo -- Nakasato, Makoto -- Lu, Yan -- Hangai, Sho -- Koshiba, Ryuji -- Savitsky, David -- Ronfani, Lorenza -- Akira, Shizuo -- Bianchi, Marco E -- Honda, Kenya -- Tamura, Tomohiko -- Kodama, Tatsuhiko -- Taniguchi, Tadatsugu -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):99-103. doi: 10.1038/nature08512.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cytosol/immunology ; DNA/immunology ; HMGB Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism ; HMGB1 Protein/deficiency/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; HMGB2 Protein/deficiency/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate/*immunology ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Immunological ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nucleic Acids/*immunology ; Nucleotides/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; RNA/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology ; Virus Diseases/immunology/virology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-07-22
    Description: Acquired uniparental disomy (aUPD) is a common feature of cancer genomes, leading to loss of heterozygosity. aUPD is associated not only with loss-of-function mutations of tumour suppressor genes, but also with gain-of-function mutations of proto-oncogenes. Here we show unique gain-of-function mutations of the C-CBL (also known as CBL) tumour suppressor that are tightly associated with aUPD of the 11q arm in myeloid neoplasms showing myeloproliferative features. The C-CBL proto-oncogene, a cellular homologue of v-Cbl, encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase and negatively regulates signal transduction of tyrosine kinases. Homozygous C-CBL mutations were found in most 11q-aUPD-positive myeloid malignancies. Although the C-CBL mutations were oncogenic in NIH3T3 cells, c-Cbl was shown to functionally and genetically act as a tumour suppressor. C-CBL mutants did not have E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, but inhibited that of wild-type C-CBL and CBL-B (also known as CBLB), leading to prolonged activation of tyrosine kinases after cytokine stimulation. c-Cbl(-/-) haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) showed enhanced sensitivity to a variety of cytokines compared to c-Cbl(+/+) HSPCs, and transduction of C-CBL mutants into c-Cbl(-/-) HSPCs further augmented their sensitivities to a broader spectrum of cytokines, including stem-cell factor (SCF, also known as KITLG), thrombopoietin (TPO, also known as THPO), IL3 and FLT3 ligand (FLT3LG), indicating the presence of a gain-of-function that could not be attributed to a simple loss-of-function. The gain-of-function effects of C-CBL mutants on cytokine sensitivity of HSPCs largely disappeared in a c-Cbl(+/+) background or by co-transduction of wild-type C-CBL, which suggests the pathogenic importance of loss of wild-type C-CBL alleles found in most cases of C-CBL-mutated myeloid neoplasms. Our findings provide a new insight into a role of gain-of-function mutations of a tumour suppressor associated with aUPD in the pathogenesis of some myeloid cancer subsets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanada, Masashi -- Suzuki, Takahiro -- Shih, Lee-Yung -- Otsu, Makoto -- Kato, Motohiro -- Yamazaki, Satoshi -- Tamura, Azusa -- Honda, Hiroaki -- Sakata-Yanagimoto, Mamiko -- Kumano, Keiki -- Oda, Hideaki -- Yamagata, Tetsuya -- Takita, Junko -- Gotoh, Noriko -- Nakazaki, Kumi -- Kawamata, Norihiko -- Onodera, Masafumi -- Nobuyoshi, Masaharu -- Hayashi, Yasuhide -- Harada, Hiroshi -- Kurokawa, Mineo -- Chiba, Shigeru -- Mori, Hiraku -- Ozawa, Keiya -- Omine, Mitsuhiro -- Hirai, Hisamaru -- Nakauchi, Hiromitsu -- Koeffler, H Phillip -- Ogawa, Seishi -- 2R01CA026038-30/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 13;460(7257):904-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08240. Epub 2009 Jul 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genomics Project, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19620960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allelic Imbalance ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Nude ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Oncogenes/genetics ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Uniparental Disomy/genetics ; ras Proteins/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: CD4(+) T regulatory cells (T(regs)), which express the Foxp3 transcription factor, play a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Here, we show that in mice, T(regs) were most abundant in the colonic mucosa. The spore-forming component of indigenous intestinal microbiota, particularly clusters IV and XIVa of the genus Clostridium, promoted T(reg) cell accumulation. Colonization of mice by a defined mix of Clostridium strains provided an environment rich in transforming growth factor-beta and affected Foxp3(+) T(reg) number and function in the colon. Oral inoculation of Clostridium during the early life of conventionally reared mice resulted in resistance to colitis and systemic immunoglobulin E responses in adult mice, suggesting a new therapeutic approach to autoimmunity and allergy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3969237/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3969237/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Atarashi, Koji -- Tanoue, Takeshi -- Shima, Tatsuichiro -- Imaoka, Akemi -- Kuwahara, Tomomi -- Momose, Yoshika -- Cheng, Genhong -- Yamasaki, Sho -- Saito, Takashi -- Ohba, Yusuke -- Taniguchi, Tadatsugu -- Takeda, Kiyoshi -- Hori, Shohei -- Ivanov, Ivaylo I -- Umesaki, Yoshinori -- Itoh, Kikuji -- Honda, Kenya -- R00 DK085329/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI052359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI056154/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 21;331(6015):337-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1198469. Epub 2010 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Cecum/microbiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Clostridium/growth & development/*immunology ; Colitis/immunology/pathology/prevention & control ; Colon/*immunology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Germ-Free Life ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-10/immunology/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/immunology ; Metagenome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/physiology ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-09-10
    Description: On 4 July 2005, many observatories around the world and in space observed the collision of Deep Impact with comet 9P/Tempel 1 or its aftermath. This was an unprecedented coordinated observational campaign. These data show that (i) there was new material after impact that was compositionally different from that seen before impact; (ii) the ratio of dust mass to gas mass in the ejecta was much larger than before impact; (iii) the new activity did not last more than a few days, and by 9 July the comet's behavior was indistinguishable from its pre-impact behavior; and (iv) there were interesting transient phenomena that may be correlated with cratering physics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meech, K J -- Ageorges, N -- A'Hearn, M F -- Arpigny, C -- Ates, A -- Aycock, J -- Bagnulo, S -- Bailey, J -- Barber, R -- Barrera, L -- Barrena, R -- Bauer, J M -- Belton, M J S -- Bensch, F -- Bhattacharya, B -- Biver, N -- Blake, G -- Bockelee-Morvan, D -- Boehnhardt, H -- Bonev, B P -- Bonev, T -- Buie, M W -- Burton, M G -- Butner, H M -- Cabanac, R -- Campbell, R -- Campins, H -- Capria, M T -- Carroll, T -- Chaffee, F -- Charnley, S B -- Cleis, R -- Coates, A -- Cochran, A -- Colom, P -- Conrad, A -- Coulson, I M -- Crovisier, J -- deBuizer, J -- Dekany, R -- de Leon, J -- Dello Russo, N -- Delsanti, A -- DiSanti, M -- Drummond, J -- Dundon, L -- Etzel, P B -- Farnham, T L -- Feldman, P -- Fernandez, Y R -- Filipovic, M D -- Fisher, S -- Fitzsimmons, A -- Fong, D -- Fugate, R -- Fujiwara, H -- Fujiyoshi, T -- Furusho, R -- Fuse, T -- Gibb, E -- Groussin, O -- Gulkis, S -- Gurwell, M -- Hadamcik, E -- Hainaut, O -- Harker, D -- Harrington, D -- Harwit, M -- Hasegawa, S -- Hergenrother, C W -- Hirst, P -- Hodapp, K -- Honda, M -- Howell, E S -- Hutsemekers, D -- Iono, D -- Ip, W-H -- Jackson, W -- Jehin, E -- Jiang, Z J -- Jones, G H -- Jones, P A -- Kadono, T -- Kamath, U W -- Kaufl, H U -- Kasuga, T -- Kawakita, H -- Kelley, M S -- Kerber, F -- Kidger, M -- Kinoshita, D -- Knight, M -- Lara, L -- Larson, S M -- Lederer, S -- Lee, C-F -- Levasseur-Regourd, A C -- Li, J Y -- Li, Q-S -- Licandro, J -- Lin, Z-Y -- Lisse, C M -- LoCurto, G -- Lovell, A J -- Lowry, S C -- Lyke, J -- Lynch, D -- Ma, J -- Magee-Sauer, K -- Maheswar, G -- Manfroid, J -- Marco, O -- Martin, P -- Melnick, G -- Miller, S -- Miyata, T -- Moriarty-Schieven, G H -- Moskovitz, N -- Mueller, B E A -- Mumma, M J -- Muneer, S -- Neufeld, D A -- Ootsubo, T -- Osip, D -- Pandea, S K -- Pantin, E -- Paterno-Mahler, R -- Patten, B -- Penprase, B E -- Peck, A -- Petitas, G -- Pinilla-Alonso, N -- Pittichova, J -- Pompei, E -- Prabhu, T P -- Qi, C -- Rao, R -- Rauer, H -- Reitsema, H -- Rodgers, S D -- Rodriguez, P -- Ruane, R -- Ruch, G -- Rujopakarn, W -- Sahu, D K -- Sako, S -- Sakon, I -- Samarasinha, N -- Sarkissian, J M -- Saviane, I -- Schirmer, M -- Schultz, P -- Schulz, R -- Seitzer, P -- Sekiguchi, T -- Selman, F -- Serra-Ricart, M -- Sharp, R -- Snell, R L -- Snodgrass, C -- Stallard, T -- Stecklein, G -- Sterken, C -- Stuwe, J A -- Sugita, S -- Sumner, M -- Suntzeff, N -- Swaters, R -- Takakuwa, S -- Takato, N -- Thomas-Osip, J -- Thompson, E -- Tokunaga, A T -- Tozzi, G P -- Tran, H -- Troy, M -- Trujillo, C -- Van Cleve, J -- Vasundhara, R -- Vazquez, R -- Vilas, F -- Villanueva, G -- von Braun, K -- Vora, P -- Wainscoat, R J -- Walsh, K -- Watanabe, J -- Weaver, H A -- Weaver, W -- Weiler, M -- Weissman, P R -- Welsh, W F -- Wilner, D -- Wolk, S -- Womack, M -- Wooden, D -- Woodney, L M -- Woodward, C -- Wu, Z-Y -- Wu, J-H -- Yamashita, T -- Yang, B -- Yang, Y-B -- Yokogawa, S -- Zook, A C -- Zauderer, A -- Zhao, X -- Zhou, X -- Zucconi, J-M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):265-9. Epub 2005 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16150977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cosmic Dust ; Jupiter ; *Meteoroids ; Organic Chemicals ; Photometry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-09-17
    Description: The impact cratering process on a comet is controversial but holds the key for interpreting observations of the Deep Impact collision with comet 9P/Tempel 1. Mid-infrared data from the Cooled Mid-Infrared Camera and Spectrometer (COMICS) of the Subaru Telescope indicate that the large-scale dust plume ejected by the impact contained a large mass (approximately 10(6) kilograms) of dust and formed two wings approximately +/-45 degrees from the symmetric center, both consistent with gravity as the primary control on the impact and its immediate aftermath. The dust distribution in the inner part of the plume, however, is inconsistent with a pure gravity control and implies that evaporation and expansion of volatiles accelerated dust.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sugita, S -- Ootsubo, T -- Kadono, T -- Honda, M -- Sako, S -- Miyata, T -- Sakon, I -- Yamashita, T -- Kawakita, H -- Fujiwara, H -- Fujiyoshi, T -- Takato, N -- Fuse, T -- Watanabe, J -- Furusho, R -- Hasegawa, S -- Kasuga, T -- Sekiguchi, T -- Kinoshita, D -- Meech, K J -- Wooden, D H -- Ip, W H -- A'Hearn, M F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):274-8. Epub 2005 Sep 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. sugita@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16166476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cosmic Dust ; Jupiter ; *Meteoroids ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Volatilization
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-11-15
    Description: Gut commensal microbes shape the mucosal immune system by regulating the differentiation and expansion of several types of T cell. Clostridia, a dominant class of commensal microbe, can induce colonic regulatory T (Treg) cells, which have a central role in the suppression of inflammatory and allergic responses. However, the molecular mechanisms by which commensal microbes induce colonic Treg cells have been unclear. Here we show that a large bowel microbial fermentation product, butyrate, induces the differentiation of colonic Treg cells in mice. A comparative NMR-based metabolome analysis suggests that the luminal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids positively correlates with the number of Treg cells in the colon. Among short-chain fatty acids, butyrate induced the differentiation of Treg cells in vitro and in vivo, and ameliorated the development of colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+) CD45RB(hi) T cells in Rag1(-/-) mice. Treatment of naive T cells under the Treg-cell-polarizing conditions with butyrate enhanced histone H3 acetylation in the promoter and conserved non-coding sequence regions of the Foxp3 locus, suggesting a possible mechanism for how microbial-derived butyrate regulates the differentiation of Treg cells. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanisms by which host-microbe interactions establish immunological homeostasis in the gut.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Furusawa, Yukihiro -- Obata, Yuuki -- Fukuda, Shinji -- Endo, Takaho A -- Nakato, Gaku -- Takahashi, Daisuke -- Nakanishi, Yumiko -- Uetake, Chikako -- Kato, Keiko -- Kato, Tamotsu -- Takahashi, Masumi -- Fukuda, Noriko N -- Murakami, Shinnosuke -- Miyauchi, Eiji -- Hino, Shingo -- Atarashi, Koji -- Onawa, Satoshi -- Fujimura, Yumiko -- Lockett, Trevor -- Clarke, Julie M -- Topping, David L -- Tomita, Masaru -- Hori, Shohei -- Ohara, Osamu -- Morita, Tatsuya -- Koseki, Haruhiko -- Kikuchi, Jun -- Honda, Kenya -- Hase, Koji -- Ohno, Hiroshi -- England -- Nature. 2013 Dec 19;504(7480):446-50. doi: 10.1038/nature12721. Epub 2013 Nov 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [3]. ; 1] RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [3] Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan [4]. ; 1] RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan [3]. ; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan. ; 1] RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan. ; 1] RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. ; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. ; Preventative Health National Research Flagship, CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, South Australia 5000, Australia. ; 1] RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan [3] Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; 1] Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; 1] RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. ; 1] RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [3] PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan [4].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24226770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation/drug effects ; Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Butyrates/analysis/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Colitis/drug therapy/pathology ; Colon/cytology/*immunology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Conserved Sequence ; Female ; *Fermentation ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics ; Germ-Free Life ; Histones/metabolism ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/immunology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolome ; Mice ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects ; *Symbiosis ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*cytology/drug effects/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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