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  • 2020-2024  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic-field-effect three-terminal device based on YBa2Cu3O7−δ grain boundary junctions (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 1843-1845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three-terminal YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film devices based on a parallel array of grain boundary Josephson junctions were fabricated. The multiloop superconducting device is controlled by the magnetic field generated by a current Ictrl, which modulates the critical current Ic through the Josephson junction array. For these devices a current gain ranging between 2 at 77 K and 5 at 30 K was obtained. The spatial homogeneity of the device properties was studied by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy and by the determination of the supercurrent correlation function. Comparing the measured and the theoretically expected supercurrent correlation function shows that the device characteristics agree well with those expected from the device geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356326
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature properties of GaInAs/AlGaAs lasers with improved carrier confinement by short-period superlattice quantum well barriers (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2863-2865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of the carrier confinement on the output characteristics of GaInAs/AlGaAs lasers was investigated. To improve the carrier confinement, AlGaAs/GaAs short-period superlattices were used as quantum well barriers. In comparison to lasers with GaAs barriers the structures with the modified barriers show improved temperature properties at low threshold current densities without deterioration of the internal quantum efficiency (〉95%). High characteristic temperatures (T0) well above 300 K were measured between 20 and 75 °C and laser operation up to 238 °C could be achieved. The large improvement in T0 is mainly attributed to the reduced thermionic emission of carriers out of the quantum well due to the increased barrier height and the carrier reflection above the barrier by the short-period superlattice. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122611
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting transport properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x bicrystal grain boundary junctions (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 996-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have performed a detailed study of the superconducting transport properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x bicrystal grain boundary junctions (GBJs). The GBJs were fabricated by the deposition of c-axis oriented epitaxial Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x films on SrTiO3 bicrystal substrates. The measured resistive transition R(T), the current-voltage characteristics (IVCs), the temperature dependence of the critical current density Jc(T), and the magnetic field dependence of the critical current Ic(B) of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x GBJs are similar to those observed for YBa2Cu3O7−δ GBJs. However, for the same misorientation angle the magnitude of Jc is almost an order of magnitude smaller for the BSCCO-GBJs. The R(T) dependencies and the IVCs of the BSCCO-GBJs are close to the prediction of the resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model. The Ic(B) dependencies are close to those of large Josephson junctions with overlap geometry. Our results show that BSCCO-GBJs may be useful for cryoelectronic applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109818
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the critical current density in grain boundary Josephson junctions on a nanometer scale (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2289-2291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The critical current Ic of YBa2Cu3O7−δ bicrystal grain boundary Josephson junctions (GBJs) have been measured in high magnetic fields up to B=12 T. Even at the highest applied magnetic fields, Ic varied periodically with varying magnetic field. By comparing the envelope of the measured Ic(B) dependencies to model calculations we obtain information on the spatial distribution of the supercurrent density jc on a length scale down to below 1 nm. Our analysis gives clear evidence that jc has spatial inhomogeneities on all length scales down to 1 nm with a probability distribution p(a) for the characteristic length scale a of the inhomogeneities. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113263
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic field dependence of the critical current in YBa2Cu3O7−δ bicrystal grain boundary junctions (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 783-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have performed a detailed study of the magnetic field dependence of the critical current, Ic(B), of YBa2Cu3O7−δ bicrystal grain boundary junctions (GBJs). GBJs with width W much larger than the Josephson penetration depth λJ show Ic(B) dependencies that are close to those of ideal large Josephson junctions with overlap geometry. The Ic(B) dependencies are symmetrical with respect to B=0 and Ic decreases linearly with increasing applied magnetic field for B≤BJ1, where BJ1 is the lower critical field of the GBJ. Furthermore, Ic(B=0) increases linearly with increasing width of the GBJs as expected for Josephson junctions with overlap geometry. From the measured Ic(B) dependencies the temperature dependence of BJ1 and the London penetration depth could be derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108578
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of the critical current density and flux trapping in YBa2Cu3O7−δ ramp-edge Josephson junctions (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 241-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the spatial distribution of the critical current density in YBa2Cu3O7−δ ramp edge Josephson junctions using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Applying this technique allows the imaging of the critical current density distribution with a spatial resolution of about 1 μm. Our measurements show that the geometry of the ramp-edge junction eases the trapping of magnetic flux quanta in the YBa2Cu3O7−δ layer covering the ramp edge. These trapped flux quanta result in a spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field parallel to the barrier layer, which in turn results in a spatially modulated supercurrent density and an unusual magnetic field dependence of the critical current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111516
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric field controllable Josephson junctions of high quality in high-Tc superconductors (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3031-3033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three-terminal Josephson junctions, the third terminal of which can be used to control the electronic properties of the device, are the key to a number of exciting device applications of high-Tc superconductors. To this end a novel device structure has been developed, which consists of an inverted metal-insulator-superconductor field-effect transistor into which a bicrystal grain boundary junction is embedded. These devices are excellent Josephson junctions as exemplified by their current–voltage characteristics and the magnetic field dependencies of the critical currents. The critical current of the junctions can be changed by 8% per volt applied to the gate electrode, the gate currents being negligible. Because they are sensitive to electric as well as magnetic fields, the junctions can be controlled by two independent inputs. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115567
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IR-Spectroscopic investigations on phosphated galvanized steel (1994)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 116 (1994), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: infrared spectroscopy ; infrared reflection spectroscopy ; FT-IR ; conversion coating ; phosphate coating ; galvanized steel ; hopeite ; phosphophyllite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hopeite-type phosphate coatings in which zinc is replaced by other metals like nickel, manganese and magnesium are of great interest as conversion coatings on galvanized steel in the automotive and appliance industries. The analytical characterization of such coatings produced in special processes is not possible by XRD because the different types of hopeite are isomorphic. In this paper it is shown that the kind of metal substitution is responsible for certain specific features in the infrared reflection spectra. Furthermore the structural changes caused by dehydration due to heating of the coatings were studied and differences in the thermal stability of the different coatings thus could be observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244068
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and NADPH-diaphorase staining in rat and human pancreas: influence of fixation (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 102 (1994), S. 353-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study, we wished to clarify the distribution and co-localization of nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) in nerve cells, nerve fibres and parenchymal cells in exocrine and endocrine pancreas, and to assess the influence of fixation on the staining pattern obtained. For this purpose, we applied nitric oxide synthase immunocytochemistry and NADPH-d histochemistry to rat and human pancreas under different fixation conditions. Antibodies to neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were similarly applied. We found complete co-localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-d in ganglion cells, and in nerve fibres around acini, excretory ducts, blood vessels and in islets of Langerhans of rat and human pancreas. Immunoreactivity for endothelial nitric oxide synthase was co-localized with NADPH-d in endothelial cells. However, in NADPH-d reactive islet and ductal epithelial cells we could detect neither brain nor endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity with any fixation protocol applied. There were marked differences in NADPH-d staining of both neurons and parenchymal cells under different fixation conditions. These results indicate the existence of different types of NADPH-d, which are associated or not associated with nitric oxide synthase(s), and which are differently influenced by various fixation procedures in rat and human pancreas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268906
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in mast cells of human nasal mucosa (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 102 (1994), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nitric oxide (NO)-synthase immunoreactivity has been detected for the first time in mast cells of human normal nasal mucosa, with an antibody specific for neuronal NO-synthase. Intense immunoreactivity was revealed in secretion granules of mast cells but was found in mast cell granules free in the extracellular matrix only in some instances; no reactivity was found in the cytoplasm of this or other cell types. These findings suggest that human nasal mast cells contain a particulate isoform of NO-synthase, which shares epitopes with neuronal NO-synthase and is rapidly removed from granules upon exocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269011
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