ALBERT

Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Farrell, U. C., Samawi, R., Anjanappa, S., Klykov, R., Adeboye, O. O., Agic, H., Ahm, A.-S. C., Boag, T. H., Bowyer, F., Brocks, J. J., Brunoir, T. N., Canfield, D. E., Chen, X., Cheng, M., Clarkson, M. O., Cole, D. B., Cordie, D. R., Crockford, P. W., Cui, H., Dahl, T. W., Mouro, L. D., Dewing, K., Dornbos, S. Q., Drabon, N., Dumoulin, J. A., Emmings, J. F., Endriga, C. R., Fraser, T. A., Gaines, R. R., Gaschnig, R. M., Gibson, T. M., Gilleaudeau, G. J., Gill, B. C., Goldberg, K., Guilbaud, R., Halverson, G. P., Hammarlund, E. U., Hantsoo, K. G., Henderson, M. A., Hodgskiss, M. S. W., Horner, Tristan J., Husson, J. M., Johnson, B., Kabanov, P., Brenhin K. C., Kimmig, J., Kipp, M. A., Knoll, A. H., Kreitsmann, T., Kunzmann, M., Kurzweil, F., LeRoy, M. A., Li, C., Lipp, A. G., Loydell, D. K., Lu, X., Macdonald, F. A., Magnall, J. M., Mänd, K., Mehra, A., Melchin, M. J., Miller, A. J., Mills, N. T., Mwinde, C. N., O'Connell, B., Och, L. M., Ossa Ossa, F., Pagès, A., Paiste, K., Partin, C. A., Peters, S. E., Petrov, P., Playter, T. L., Plaza-Torres, S., Porter, Susannah M., Poulton, S. W., Pruss, S. B., Richoz, S., Ritzer, S. R., Rooney, A. D., Sahoo, S. K., Schoepfer, S. D., Sclafani, J. A., Shen, Y., Shorttle, O., Slotznick, S. P., Smith, E. F., Spinks, S., Stockey, R. G., Strauss, J. V., Stüeken, E. E., Tecklenburg, S., Thomson, D., Tosca, N. J., Uhlein, G. J., Vizcaíno, M. N., Wang, H., White, T., Wilby, P. R., Woltz, C. R., Wood, R. A., Xiang, L., Yurchenko, I. A., Zhang, T., Planavsky, N. J., Lau, K. V., Johnston, D. T., Sperling, E. A., The Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project. Geobiology. 00, (2021): 1– 12,https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12462.

Description: Geobiology explores how Earth's system has changed over the course of geologic history and how living organisms on this planet are impacted by or are indeed causing these changes. For decades, geologists, paleontologists, and geochemists have generated data to investigate these topics. Foundational efforts in sedimentary geochemistry utilized spreadsheets for data storage and analysis, suitable for several thousand samples, but not practical or scalable for larger, more complex datasets. As results have accumulated, researchers have increasingly gravitated toward larger compilations and statistical tools. New data frameworks have become necessary to handle larger sample sets and encourage more sophisticated or even standardized statistical analyses. In this paper, we describe the Sedimentary Geochemistry and Paleoenvironments Project (SGP; Figure 1), which is an open, community-oriented, database-driven research consortium. The goals of SGP are to (1) create a relational database tailored to the needs of the deep-time (millions to billions of years) sedimentary geochemical research community, including assembling and curating published and associated unpublished data; (2) create a website where data can be retrieved in a flexible way; and (3) build a collaborative consortium where researchers are incentivized to contribute data by giving them priority access and the opportunity to work on exciting questions in group papers. Finally, and more idealistically, the goal was to establish a culture of modern data management and data analysis in sedimentary geochemistry. Relative to many other fields, the main emphasis in our field has been on instrument measurement of sedimentary geochemical data rather than data analysis (compared with fields like ecology, for instance, where the post-experiment ANOVA (analysis of variance) is customary). Thus, the longer-term goal was to build a collaborative environment where geobiologists and geologists can work and learn together to assess changes in geochemical signatures through Earth history.

Description: We thank the donors of The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of SGP website development (61017-ND2). EAS is funded by National Science Foundation grant (NSF) EAR-1922966. BGS authors (JE, PW) publish with permission of the Executive Director of the British Geological Survey, UKRI.

Description: Fish food is an inevitable item in human consumption with healthy sourceof good quality proteins and fat. Aqua industry can help to improve food security,livelihoods for the poorest and to meet the world’s food demands. But producingmore seafood that is at affordable cost with rich nutrition is challenging for aquaindustry. Many factors affect the productivity of aqua industry; one such an impor-tant constraint is bacterial diseases. Hence, Aqua industry, a booming businesssector, immensely requires continued research with scientific and technical devel-opments, and innovations. Study of bacterialfish disease is one such thrust areawhich requires intense research to understand the causes and control bacterialdiseases infish. The appearance and development of afish disease is the result ofthe interaction among pathogen, host and environment. An insight into bacterialfishdiseases, clinical symptoms and treatment may help to manage the bacterial diseasesand so can make aqua industry a more profitablefield. This chapter deals withdifferent aspects of the most threatening bacterial diseases, occurring in farmedfishes and also in wildfishes, which are results infish loss and economic lossworldwide. A wide range of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria causingbacterial diseases, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, vaccines and the natureof water habitat are also discussed in this chapter.

Description: The petrological study of volcanic products emitted during the paroxysmal events of December 2015 from the summit craters of Mount Etna allow us to constrain T-P-XH2O phase stability, crystallization conditions, and mixing processes along the main open-conduit feeding system. In this study, we discuss new geochemical, thermo-barometric data and related Rhyolite- MELTS modelling of the eruptive activity that involved the concomitant activation of all summit craters. The results, in comparison with the previous paroxysmal events of the 2011–2012, reinforce the model of a vertically extended feeding system and highlight that the activity at the New South-East Crater was fed by magma residing at a significantly shallower depth with respect to the Central Craters (CC) and North-East Crater (NEC), even if all conduits were fed by a common deep (P = 530–440 MPa) basic magmatic input. Plagioclase dissolution, resorption textures, and the Rhyolite-MELTS stability model corroborate its dependence on H2O content; thus, suggesting that further studies on the effect that flushing from fluids with different H2O/ CO2 ratio are needed to understand the eruption-triggering mechanisms for high energetic strombolian paroxysmal episodes.

Description: Published

Description: 88

Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani

Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi

Description: JCR Journal

Description: The AD 1761 eruption on Terceira was the onlyhistorical subaerial event on the island and one of the lastrecorded in the Azores. The eruption occurred along the fis-sure zone that crosses the island and produced a trachybasaltlava flow and scoria cones. Small comenditic trachyte lava domes (known as Mistérios Negros) were also thought by some to have formed simultaneously on the eastern flank of Santa Bárbara Volcano. Following a multidisciplinary approach, we combined geological mapping, paleomagnetic, petrographic, mineral and whole-rock geochemical and structural analyses to study this eruption. The paleomagnetic dating method compared geomagnetic vectors (directions and intensities) recorded by both the AD 1761 lava flow and Mistérios Negros domes and revealed that the two events were indeed coeval. Based on new data and interpretation of historical records, we have accordingly reconstructed the AD 1761eruptive dynamics and distinguished three phases: (1) a pre-cursory phase characterized by decreased degassing in the fumarolic field of Pico Alto Volcano and a gradual increase of seismic activity, which marked the intrusion of trachybasalt magma; (2) a first eruptive phase that started with phreatic explosions on the eastern flank of Santa Bárbara Volcano, followed by the inconspicuous effusion of comenditic trachyte (66 wt% SiO2), forming a WNW-ESE-oriented chain of lava domes; and (3) a second eruptive phase on the central part ofthe fissure zone, where a Hawaiian to Strombolian-style erup-tion formed small scoria cones (E-W to ENE-WSW-oriented)and a trachybasalt lava flow (50 wt% SiO2) which buried 27houses in Biscoitos village. Petrological analyses show thatthe two batches of magma were emitted independently without evidence of interaction. We envisage that the dome-forming event was triggered by local stress changes induced by intrusion of the trachybasalt dyke along the fissure zone, which created tensile stress conditions that promoted ascent of comenditic trachyte magma stored beneath Santa Bárbara Volcano.

Description: Published

Description: 22

Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo

Description: JCR Journal

Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Chapman, A. S. A., Beaulieu, S. E., Colaco, A., Gebruk, A. V., Hilario, A., Kihara, T. C., Ramirez-Llodra, E., Sarrazin, J., Tunnicliffe, V., Amon, D. J., Baker, M. C., Boschen-Rose, R. E., Chen, C., Cooper, I. J., Copley, J. T., Corbari, L., Cordes, E. E., Cuvelier, D., Duperron, S., Du Preez, C., Gollner, S., Horton, T., Hourdez, S., Krylova, E. M., Linse, K., LokaBharathi, P. A., Marsh, L., Matabos, M., Mills, S. W., Mullineaux, L. S., Rapp, H. T., Reid, W. D. K., Rybakova (Goroslavskaya), E., Thomas, T. R. A., Southgate, S. J., Stohr, S., Turner, P. J., Watanabe, H. K., Yasuhara, M., & Bates, A. E. sFDvent: a global trait database for deep-sea hydrothermal-vent fauna. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 28(11), (2019): 1538-1551, doi: 10.1111/geb.12975.

Description: Motivation Traits are increasingly being used to quantify global biodiversity patterns, with trait databases growing in size and number, across diverse taxa. Despite growing interest in a trait‐based approach to the biodiversity of the deep sea, where the impacts of human activities (including seabed mining) accelerate, there is no single repository for species traits for deep‐sea chemosynthesis‐based ecosystems, including hydrothermal vents. Using an international, collaborative approach, we have compiled the first global‐scale trait database for deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna – sFDvent (sDiv‐funded trait database for the Functional Diversity of vents). We formed a funded working group to select traits appropriate to: (a) capture the performance of vent species and their influence on ecosystem processes, and (b) compare trait‐based diversity in different ecosystems. Forty contributors, representing expertise across most known hydrothermal‐vent systems and taxa, scored species traits using online collaborative tools and shared workspaces. Here, we characterise the sFDvent database, describe our approach, and evaluate its scope. Finally, we compare the sFDvent database to similar databases from shallow‐marine and terrestrial ecosystems to highlight how the sFDvent database can inform cross‐ecosystem comparisons. We also make the sFDvent database publicly available online by assigning a persistent, unique DOI. Main types of variable contained Six hundred and forty‐six vent species names, associated location information (33 regions), and scores for 13 traits (in categories: community structure, generalist/specialist, geographic distribution, habitat use, life history, mobility, species associations, symbiont, and trophic structure). Contributor IDs, certainty scores, and references are also provided. Spatial location and grain Global coverage (grain size: ocean basin), spanning eight ocean basins, including vents on 12 mid‐ocean ridges and 6 back‐arc spreading centres. Time period and grain sFDvent includes information on deep‐sea vent species, and associated taxonomic updates, since they were first discovered in 1977. Time is not recorded. The database will be updated every 5 years. Major taxa and level of measurement Deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna with species‐level identification present or in progress. Software format .csv and MS Excel (.xlsx).

Description: We would like to thank the following experts, who are not authors on this publication but made contributions to the sFDvent database: Anna Metaxas, Alexander Mironov, Jianwen Qiu (seep species contributions, to be added to a future version of the database) and Anders Warén. We would also like to thank Robert Cooke for his advice, time, and assistance in processing the raw data contributions to the sFDvent database using R. Thanks also to members of iDiv and its synthesis centre – sDiv – for much‐valued advice, support, and assistance during working‐group meetings: Doreen Brückner, Jes Hines, Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro, Ingolf Kühn and Marten Winter. We would also like to thank the following supporters of the database who contributed indirectly via early design meetings or members of their research groups: Malcolm Clark, Charles Fisher, Adrian Glover, Ashley Rowden and Cindy Lee Van Dover. Finally, thanks to the families of sFDvent working group members for their support while they were participating in meetings at iDiv in Germany. Financial support for sFDvent working group meetings was gratefully received from sDiv, the Synthesis Centre of iDiv (DFG FZT 118). ASAC was a PhD candidate funded by the SPITFIRE Doctoral Training Partnership (supported by the Natural Environmental Research Council, grant number: NE/L002531/1) and the University of Southampton at the time of submission. ASAC also thanks Dominic, Lesley, Lettice and Simon Chapman for their support throughout this project. AEB and VT are sponsored through the Canada Research Chair Programme. SEB received support from National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology Award #1558904 and The Joint Initiative Awards Fund from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. AC is supported by Program Investigador (IF/00029/2014/CP1230/CT0002) from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT). This study also had the support of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, through the strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2013 granted to marine environmental sciences centre. Data compiled by AVG and EG were supported by Russian science foundation Grant 14‐50‐00095. AH was supported by the grant BPD/UI88/5805/2017 awarded by CESAM (UID/AMB/50017), which is financed by FCT/Ministério da Educação through national funds and co‐funded by fundo Europeu de desenvolvimento regional, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. ERLL was partially supported by the MarMine project (247626/O30). JS was supported by Ifremer. Data on vent fauna from the East Scotia Ridge, Mid‐Cayman Spreading Centre, and Southwest Indian Ridge were obtained by UK natural environment research council Grants NE/D01249X/1, NE/F017774/1 and NE/H012087/1, respectively. REBR's contribution was supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Victoria, funded by the Canadian Healthy Oceans Network II Strategic Research Program (CHONe II). DC is supported by a post‐doctoral scholarship (SFRH/BPD/110278/2015) from FCT. HTR was supported by the Research Council of Norway through project number 70184227 and the KG Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research (University of Bergen). MY was partially supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (project codes: HKU 17306014, HKU 17311316).

Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ganju, N. K., Couvillion, B. R., Defne, Z., & Ackerman, K. Development and application of landsat-based wetland vegetation cover and unvegetated-vegetated marsh ratio (UVVR) for the conterminous United States. Estuaries and Coasts, (2022), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-022-01081-x.

Description: Effective management and restoration of salt marshes and other vegetated intertidal habitats require objective and spatially integrated metrics of geomorphic status and vulnerability. The unvegetated-vegetated marsh ratio (UVVR), a recently developed metric, can be used to establish present-day vegetative cover, identify stability thresholds, and quantify vulnerability to open-water conversion over a range of spatial scales. We developed a Landsat-based approach to quantify the within-pixel vegetated fraction and UVVR for coastal wetlands of the conterminous United States, at 30-m resolution for 2014–2018. Here we present the methodology used to generate the UVVR from spectral indices, along with calibration, validation, and spatial autocorrelation assessments. We then demonstrate multiple applications of the data across varying spatial scales: first, we aggregate the UVVR across individual states and estuaries to quantify total vegetated wetland area for the nation. On the state level, Louisiana and Florida account for over 50% of the nation’s total, while on the estuarine level, the Chesapeake Bay Estuary and selected Louisiana coastal areas each account for over 6% of the nation’s total vegetated wetland area. Second, we present cases where this dataset can be used to track wetland change (e.g., expansion due to restoration and loss due to stressors). Lastly, we propose a classification methodology that delineates areas vulnerable to open-water expansion based on the 5-year mean and standard deviation of the UVVR. Calculating the UVVR for the period-of-record back to 1985, as well as regular updating, will fill a critical gap for tracking national status of salt marshes and other vegetated habitats through time and space.

Description: This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Coastal and Marine Hazards/Resources Program.

Description: The transient climate response (TCR) is 20% higher in the Alfred Wegener Institute Climate Model (AWI-CM) compared to the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) whereas the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is by up to 10% higher in AWI-CM. These results are largely independent of the two considered model resolutions for each model. The two coupled CMIP6 models share the same atmosphere-land component ECHAM6.3 developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M). However, ECHAM6.3 is coupled to two different ocean models, namely the MPIOM sea ice-ocean model developed at MPI-M and the FESOM sea ice-ocean model developed at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI). A reason for the different TCR is related to ocean heat uptake in response to greenhouse gas forcing. Specifically, AWI-CM simulations show stronger surface heating than MPI-ESM simulations while the latter accumulate more heat in the deeper ocean. The vertically integrated ocean heat content is increasing slower in AWI-CM model configurations compared to MPI-ESM model configurations in the high latitudes. Weaker vertical mixing in AWI-CM model configurations compared to MPI-ESM model configurations seems to be key for these differences. The strongest difference in vertical ocean mixing occurs inside the Weddell and Ross Gyres and the northern North Atlantic. Over the North Atlantic, these differences materialize in a lack of a warming hole in AWI-CM model configurations and the presence of a warming hole in MPI-ESM model configurations. All these differences occur largely independent of the considered model resolutions.

Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Finke, K., Jimenez-Esteve, B., Taschetto, A. S., Ummenhofer, C. C., Bumke, K., & Domeisen, D. I., V. Revisiting remote drivers of the 2014 drought in South-Eastern Brazil. Climate Dynamics, (2020), doi:10.1007/s00382-020-05442-9.

Description: South-Eastern Brazil experienced a devastating drought associated with significant agricultural losses in austral summer 2014. The drought was linked to the development of a quasi-stationary anticyclone in the South Atlantic in early 2014 that affected local precipitation patterns over South-East Brazil. Previous studies have suggested that the unusual blocking was triggered by tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and, more recently, by convection over the Indian Ocean related to the Madden–Julian Oscillation. Further investigation of the proposed teleconnections appears crucial for anticipating future economic impacts. In this study, we use numerical experiments with an idealized atmospheric general circulation model forced with the observed 2013/2014 SST anomalies in different ocean basins to understand the dominant mechanism that initiated the 2014 South Atlantic anticyclonic anomaly. We show that a forcing with global 2013/2014 SST anomalies enhances the chance for the occurrence of positive geopotential height anomalies in the South Atlantic. However, further sensitivity experiments with SST forcings in separate ocean basins suggest that neither the Indian Ocean nor tropical Pacific SST anomalies alone have contributed significantly to the anomalous atmospheric circulation that led to the 2014 South-East Brazil drought. The model study rather points to an important role of remote forcing from the South Pacific, local South Atlantic SSTs, and internal atmospheric variability in driving the persistent blocking over the South Atlantic.

Description: K.F. was partially supported by the GEOMAR Marine Meteorology research area. Support to D.D. and B.J-E. from the Swiss National Science Foundation through project PP00P2_170523 is gratefully acknowledged. This research was supported by a Research Fellowship by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Early Career Scientist Endowed Fund and The George E. Thibault Early Career Scientist Fund to C.C.U. A.S.T. is supported by the Australian Research Council FT160100495. Open access funding provided by Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich.