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  • Springer  (54)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (5)
  • Society of Exploration Geophysicists  (4)
  • 2020-2022  (57)
  • 1965-1969  (6)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 208 (1966), S. 32-34 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Stärke isoliert aus Wasser Kastanie (Trapa Bispinosa Roxb) wurde in Amylose und Amylopektin mit konventioneller Methodik fraktioniert. An beiden, dem Amylose-Jod und Amylopektin-Jod-Komplex wurden spektrometrische Diagramme aufgenommen. Auch über die Kinetik des Abbaues dieser Komplexe wird berichtet.
    Notes: Summary Starch isolated from water-chestnut (Trapa Bispinosa Roxb) was fractionated into amylose and amylopectin by conventional method. Spectrophotometric studies have been carried on each of amyloseiodine and amylopectin-iodine complex. The kinetics of the decomposition of these complexes have also been reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: We examine the capacity of the Large Hadron Collider to determine the mean proper lifetime of long-lived particles assuming different decay final states. We mostly concentrate on the high luminosity runs of the LHC, and therefore, develop our discussion in light of the high amount of pile-up and the various upgrades for the HL-LHC runs. We employ model-dependent and model-independent methods in order to reconstruct the proper lifetime of neutral long-lived particles decaying into displaced leptons, potentially accompanied by missing energy, as well as charged long-lived particles decaying ihnto leptons and missing energy. We also present a discussion for lifetime estimation of neutral long-lived particles decaying into displaced jets, along with the challenges in the high PU environment of HL-LHC. After a general discussion, we illustrate and discuss these methods using several new physics models. We conclude that the lifetime can indeed be reconstructed in many concrete cases. Finally, we discuss to which extent including timing information, which is an important addition in the Phase-II upgrade of CMS, can improve such an analysis.
    Print ISSN: 1434-6044
    Electronic ISSN: 1434-6052
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 38 (1968), S. 123-125 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An drei Kreuzungsreihen von Sorten unterschiedlicher Hülsenfarbe (schokoladenbraun, rostrot, grün mit schokoladenbraunen Streifen und grün mit rostroten Streifen) wurde die Vererbung dieses Merkmals bei der Straucherbse (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) untersucht. Für das Auftreten der schokoladenbraunen Hülsenfarbe ist das GenL verantwortlich,L r, ein bisher unbekanntes Allelomorph vonL, für die rostrote Farbe, während das GenD die Verteilung der Farbe steuert.L ist vollständig dominant überL r undD unvollständig dominant überd. Auf Grund der gemachten Feststellungen werden die Genotypen für die einzelnen Phänotypen angegeben.
    Notes: Summary From three sets of crosses involving the phenotypes chocolate, red oxide, green with chocolate streaks and green with red oxide streaks, the action of the genes governing the phenotypes of the pods ofCajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. has been proposed. GeneL controls production of chocolate colour,L r an allelomorph ofL hitherto unreported, controls production of red oxide colour and geneD controls distribution of this colour. As regards inheritance of these two genes, the relationships betweenL andL r isL〉L r andD is incompletely dominant overd. The genotypes of the different phenotypes have been presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical methods of operations research 10 (1966), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Rekursives lineares Programmieren wird als eine Aufeinanderfolge von linearen Programmproblemen definiert, bei denen eine rekursive Beziehung in das System eingebaut ist, und zwar entweder über die Koeffizienten der Zielfunktion, die Matrix der Beschränkungen oder die Parameter der rechten Seite. Wir betrachten hier den Fall, bei dem die Parameter der rechten Seite einer rekursiven Zeitrelation unterliegen, die den Zusammenhang zwischen den Plänen der gegenwärtigen Periode und früheren Erwartungen sowie deren Erfüllung angibt. Wir verfolgen zwei Ziele: Erstens wollen wir die Stabilitätseigenschaften eines linearen rekursiven Programm (LRP)-Modells analysieren, und zweitens wollen wir gewisse grundlegende Erweiterungen des LRP im Hinblick auf das sogenannte aktive Verhalten beim stochastischen Linearen Programmieren (SLP) angeben. Damit zusammenhängend werden einige einfache Theoreme entwickelt und eine kurze Diskussion der möglichen Richtungen empirischer Anwendungen angeschlossen.
    Notes: Summary Recursive linear programming is defined by a sequence of linear programming problems in which a recursive relation is built into the system through either the coefficients of the objective function, the constraint matrix, or the right-hand side parameters. Here we consider the case where the right-hand side parameters are subject to a recursive time relation indicating how current period plans are related to past expectations and performance. Our object here is twofold: first, to analyze the stability properties of a linear recursive programming (LRP) model and second, to indicate some basic extensions of the LRP in the light of what is generally called ‘the active approach’ of stochastic linear programming (SLP). Some simple theorems are developed in this connection and this is followed by a brief discussion of the possible lines of empirical applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical methods of operations research 9 (1965), S. 18-32 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im allgemeinen ist bei Linear-Programming-Problemen mit statistischen Einflüssen die Zuverlässigkeit der optimalen Basislösung nicht bekannt. Unser Ziel ist es, eine allgemeine Methode anzugeben, um die Empfindlichkeit der optimalen Basislösung und anderer Basislösungen durch den Erwartungswert und die Varianz bei gegebener Stichprobe zu testen. Zur Illustration wird eine Zeitreihe der input-output-Koeffizienten einer einzigen Farm benutzt, die drei Getreidesorten erzeugt, wobei drei Ressourcen benützt werden. Es werden die Verteilungen der ersten drei besten Lösungen geschätzt bei vorausgesetzten konstanten Nettopreisen und Ressourcen und stochastischer Koeffizientenmatrix. Die verwendete Methode der statistischen Schätzung ist eine Kombination der Pearsonschen Momentenmethode und der Maximum-Likelihood-Methode. In unserem Beispiel stellen wir fest, daß die Schiefe der Verteilung der besten Lösung größer ist als die der Verteilung der zweit- und drittbesten Lösungen. Ferner wurden die Zeitläufe der ersten drei geordneten Lösungen analysiert, um festzustellen, wie weit sich die Idee eines Regressionsmodells, das auf Ungleichungsrestriktionen basiert, anwenden läßt. Für eine Stichprobe wird ein Empfindlichkeitsindex empfohlen, der sich aus der Spannweite der maximalen und minimalen Werte der Lösungen ableitet.
    Notes: Summary In an ordinary linear programming problem with a given set of statistical data, it is not known generally how reliable is the optimal basic solution. Our object here is to indicate a general method of reliability analysis for testing the sensitivity of the optimal basic solution and other basic solutions, in terms of expectation and variance when sample observations are available. For empirical illustration the time series data on input-output coefficients of a single farm producing three crops with three resources is used. The distributions of the first, second, and third best solutions are estimated assuming the vectors of net prices and resources to be constant and the coefficient matrix to be stochastic. Our method of statistical estimation is a combination of the Pearsonian method of moments and the maximum likelihood method. In our illustrative example we observe that the skewness of the distribution of the first best solution exceeds that of the distributions of the second and third best solution. We have also analyzed the time paths for the three ordered solutions to see how far one could apply the idea of a regression model based on inequality constraints. A sensitivity index for a particular sample is suggested based on the spread of the maximum and minimum values of the solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-03-16
    Description: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of synthesis of secretory and membrane proteins and contacts every organelle of the cell, exchanging lipids and metabolites in a highly regulated manner. How the ER spatially segregates its numerous and diverse functions, including positioning nanoscopic contact sites with other organelles, is unclear. We demonstrate that hypotonic swelling of cells converts the ER and other membrane-bound organelles into micrometer-scale large intracellular vesicles (LICVs) that retain luminal protein content and maintain contact sites with each other through localized organelle tethers. Upon cooling, ER-derived LICVs phase-partition into microscopic domains having different lipid-ordering characteristics, which is reversible upon warming. Ordered ER lipid domains mark contact sites with ER and mitochondria, lipid droplets, endosomes, or plasma membrane, whereas disordered ER lipid domains mark contact sites with lysosomes or peroxisomes. Tethering proteins concentrate at ER–organelle contact sites, allowing time-dependent behavior of lipids and proteins to be studied at these sites. These findings demonstrate that LICVs provide a useful model system for studying the phase behavior and interactive properties of organelles in intact cells.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-05-28
    Description: Metal detoxification is essential for bacteria’s survival in adverse environments and their pathogenesis in hosts. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for devising antibacterial treatments. In the Gram-negative bacteriumEscherichia coli, membrane-bound sensor CusS and its response regulator CusR together regulate the transcription of thecusoperon that plays important roles in cells’ resistance to copper/silver, and they belong to the two-component systems (TCSs) that are ubiquitous across various organisms and regulate diverse cellular functions. In vitro protein reconstitution and associated biochemical/physical studies have provided significant insights into the functions and mechanisms of CusS–CusR and related TCSs. Such studies are challenging regarding multidomain membrane proteins like CusS and also lack the physiological environment, particularly the native spatial context of proteins inside a cell. Here, we use stroboscopic single-molecule imaging and tracking to probe the dynamic behaviors of both CusS and CusR in live cells, in combination with protein- or residue-specific genetic manipulations. We find that copper stress leads to a cellular protein concentration increase and a concurrent mobilization of CusS out of clustered states in the membrane. We show that the mobilized CusS has significant interactions with CusR for signal transduction and that CusS’s affinity toward CusR switches on upon sensing copper at the interfacial metal-binding sites in CusS’s periplasmic sensor domains, prior to ATP binding and autophosphorylation at CusS’s cytoplasmic kinase domain(s). The observed CusS mobilization upon stimulation and its surprisingly early interaction with CusR likely ensure an efficient signal transduction by providing proper conformation and avoiding futile cross talks.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-05-29
    Description: Extreme environmental conditions, such as heat, salinity, and decreased water availability, can have a devastating impact on plant growth and productivity, potentially resulting in the collapse of entire ecosystems. Stress-induced systemic signaling and systemic acquired acclimation play canonical roles in plant survival during episodes of environmental stress. Recent studies revealed that in response to a single abiotic stress, applied to a single leaf, plants mount a comprehensive stress-specific systemic response that includes the accumulation of many different stress-specific transcripts and metabolites, as well as a coordinated stress-specific whole-plant stomatal response. However, in nature plants are routinely subjected to a combination of two or more different abiotic stresses, each potentially triggering its own stress-specific systemic response, highlighting a new fundamental question in plant biology: are plants capable of integrating two different systemic signals simultaneously generated during conditions of stress combination? Here we show that plants can integrate two different systemic signals simultaneously generated during stress combination, and that the manner in which plants sense the different stresses that trigger these signals (i.e., at the same or different parts of the plant) makes a significant difference in how fast and efficient they induce systemic reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals; transcriptomic, hormonal, and stomatal responses; as well as plant acclimation. Our results shed light on how plants acclimate to their environment and survive a combination of different abiotic stresses. In addition, they highlight a key role for systemic ROS signals in coordinating the response of different leaves to stress.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-08-21
    Description: Among several reversible epigenetic changes occurring during transcriptional activation, only demethylation of histones and cytosine-phosphate-guanines (CpGs) in gene promoters and other regulatory regions by specific demethylase(s) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which oxidize DNA and other cellular components. Here, we show induction of oxidized bases and single-strand breaks (SSBs), but not direct double-strand breaks (DSBs), in the genome during gene activation by ligands of the nuclear receptor superfamily. We observed that these damages were preferentially repaired in promoters via the base excision repair (BER)/single-strand break repair (SSBR) pathway. Interestingly, BER/SSBR inhibition suppressed gene activation. Constitutive association of demethylases with BER/SSBR proteins in multiprotein complexes underscores the coordination of histone/DNA demethylation and genome repair during gene activation. However, ligand-independent transcriptional activation occurring during heat shock (HS) induction is associated with the generation of DSBs, the repair of which is likewise essential for the activation of HS-responsive genes. These observations suggest that the repair of distinct damages induced during diverse transcriptional activation is a universal prerequisite for transcription initiation. Because of limited investigation of demethylation-induced genome damage during transcription, this study suggests that the extent of oxidative genome damage resulting from various cellular processes is substantially underestimated.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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