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An application of sensitivity analysis to a linear programming problem

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Summary

In an ordinary linear programming problem with a given set of statistical data, it is not known generally how reliable is the optimal basic solution. Our object here is to indicate a general method of reliability analysis for testing the sensitivity of the optimal basic solution and other basic solutions, in terms of expectation and variance when sample observations are available. For empirical illustration the time series data on input-output coefficients of a single farm producing three crops with three resources is used. The distributions of the first, second, and third best solutions are estimated assuming the vectors of net prices and resources to be constant and the coefficient matrix to be stochastic. Our method of statistical estimation is a combination of the Pearsonian method of moments and the maximum likelihood method.

In our illustrative example we observe that the skewness of the distribution of the first best solution exceeds that of the distributions of the second and third best solution. We have also analyzed the time paths for the three ordered solutions to see how far one could apply the idea of a regression model based on inequality constraints. A sensitivity index for a particular sample is suggested based on the spread of the maximum and minimum values of the solutions.

Zusammenfassung

Im allgemeinen ist bei Linear-Programming-Problemen mit statistischen Einflüssen die Zuverlässigkeit der optimalen Basislösung nicht bekannt. Unser Ziel ist es, eine allgemeine Methode anzugeben, um die Empfindlichkeit der optimalen Basislösung und anderer Basislösungen durch den Erwartungswert und die Varianz bei gegebener Stichprobe zu testen. Zur Illustration wird eine Zeitreihe der input-output-Koeffizienten einer einzigen Farm benutzt, die drei Getreidesorten erzeugt, wobei drei Ressourcen benützt werden. Es werden die Verteilungen der ersten drei besten Lösungen geschätzt bei vorausgesetzten konstanten Nettopreisen und Ressourcen und stochastischer Koeffizientenmatrix. Die verwendete Methode der statistischen Schätzung ist eine Kombination der Pearsonschen Momentenmethode und der Maximum-Likelihood-Methode.

In unserem Beispiel stellen wir fest, daß die Schiefe der Verteilung der besten Lösung größer ist als die der Verteilung der zweit- und drittbesten Lösungen. Ferner wurden die Zeitläufe der ersten drei geordneten Lösungen analysiert, um festzustellen, wie weit sich die Idee eines Regressionsmodells, das auf Ungleichungsrestriktionen basiert, anwenden läßt. Für eine Stichprobe wird ein Empfindlichkeitsindex empfohlen, der sich aus der Spannweite der maximalen und minimalen Werte der Lösungen ableitet.

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Research partly supported by the NSF project No. 420-04-70 at the Department of Economics, Iowa State University, Ames.

The results of this paper are closely related in some theoretical aspects to the following papers.

Sengupta, J. K., G. Tintner andC. Millham. “On some theorems of stochastic linear programming with applications”, Management Science, vol. 10, October 1963, pp. 143–159.

Sengupta, J. K., G. Tintner andB. Morrison. “Stochastic linear programming with applications to economic models”, Economica, August 1963, pp. 262–276.

Sengupta, J. K.: “On the stability of truncated solutions of stochastic linear programming” (to be published in Econometrica, October, 1965).

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Sengupta, J.K., Kumar, T.K. An application of sensitivity analysis to a linear programming problem. Unternehmensforschung Operations Research 9, 18–32 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01976180

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