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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deduction of central plasma parameters from line-of-sight averaged spectroscopic observations (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6732-6742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method is presented to deduce central ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity from line-of-sight averaged x-ray spectra from hot plasmas. The analysis is based on atomic data for the processes that give rise to x-ray spectral lines. Combined with measured electron temperature and density profiles a synthetic spectrum is calculated. The fit of this synthetic spectrum to the observed one gives a new level of accuracy to line-of-sight integrated observations in a considerably extended range of ion temperatures and toroidal rotation velocities. The choice of model for radial profiles for ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity is shown not to be critical. The concentration of the emitting impurity is deduced from the total line intensity, making use of the absolute calibration of the detector sensitivity. The effective plasma charge Zeff is derived from the absolute level of the continuum radiation. These measurements are based on atomic data for x-ray line and continuum radiation and measured electron temperature and density profiles. The results for ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity obtained by this analysis are compared with those from visible charge exchange spectroscopy. The observed visible lines are shifted in wavelength, and their width is reduced, due to the velocity dependence of the cross section for the charge transfer from the neutral beam particles to the observed impurities. The theoretically predicted magnitude of these effects is verified. When the results from visible charge exchange spectroscopy are corrected for the cross-section effects, excellent agreement of central ion temperature and rotation velocity with the results of this new analysis is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350369
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visible charge exchange spectroscopy at JET (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3479-3486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Recent developments and results of the JET CXRS diagnostic are reported. The measurements of radial profiles of ion temperatures and densities are based on CXR spectra of fully stripped ions of either carbon or beryllium. Considerable effort has been expended in ensuring consistency between radial profiles of low Z impurity densities and those from other diagnostics. The contributions of the main light impurities are used to reconstruct radial profiles of Zeff which can be compared with Abel-inverted signals from visible bremsstrahlung or soft x-ray emission. Active Balmer-Alpha spectroscopy (ABAS) is being introduced as a diagnostic tool providing data on local magnetic fields, neutral beam densities, and dilution factors. The effects of collision-energy-dependent CXR cross sections on observed CXR spectra are calculated. Corrections for the values of deduced ion temperatures, toroidal velocities, and impurity densities are discussed for the case of plasmas with high ion temperatures and high toroidal rotation velocities. Some recent results of the JET 1989 operation illustrating the CXRS diagnostic potential are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141975
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visible charge exchange spectroscopy at JET (abstract) : Eighth topical conference on high-temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3143-3143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Recent developments and results of the JET CXRS diagnostic are reported. The measurements of radial profiles of ion temperatures and densities are based on CXR spectra of fully stripped ions of either carbon or beryllium. Considerable effort has been expended in ensuring consistency between radial profiles of low Z impurity densities and those from other diagnostics. The contributions of the main light impurities are used to reconstruct radial profiles of Zeffwhich can be compared with Abel-inverted signals from visible bremsstrahlung or soft x-ray emission. Active Balmer-Alpha spectroscopy (ABAS) is being introduced as a diagnostic tool providing data on local magnetic fields, neutral beam densities, and dilution factors. The effects of collision-energy-dependent CXR cross sections on observed CXR spectra are calculated. Corrections for the values of deduced ion temperatures, toroidal velocities, and impurity densities are discussed for the case of plasmas with high ion temperatures and high toroidal rotation velocities. Some recent results of the JET 1989 operation illustrating the CXRS diagnostic potential are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141709
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bolus Application of a Novel Recombinant Plasminogen Activator in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients: Pharmacokinetics and Effects on the Hemostatic System (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 667 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb51641.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of beet soil-borne virus on mechanically inoculated sugar beet (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seven-day-old seedlings of three different sugar-beet varieties (Carla, Rizor and Desirée) were inoculated mechanically with the Ahlum isolate of beet soil-borne virus (BSBV) in crude sap from infected leaves of Chenopodium quinoa. Control plants were mock-inoculated with sap from healthy C. quinoa. After potting up, the plants were arranged in a randomized block design on nine neighbouring benches in a glasshouse. Plants were sampled after 11 weeks, the fresh weight of the tap roots determined and the presence of virus checked by ELISA. Considerable variation in tap-root growth was observed between benches. Overall, BSBV inoculation reduced tap-root weight of Rizor and Carla by c. 20%. Problems arising in attempts to assess yield loss due to BSBV in naturally infected sugar beet are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01519.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scattering and chlorine absorption in discharge-pumped XeCl excimer lasers (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 262-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 G ; 82.40 Z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Scattering microparticles were found to determine the characteristic behavior of the laser energy of discharge pumped XeCl excimer lasers with aluminium electrodes. All experimental results indicate that sputtered aluminium reacts with chlorine, a constituent of the laser gas, and forms aluminium chloride particles. Chlorine was observed to be formed by a reaction of oxygen, contained as an impurity, with the halogen donor hydrogen chloride under discharge conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of the coat protein gene from beet necrotic yellow vein virus and its expression in sugar beet hairy roots (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 777-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: BNYVV ; Coat protein ; Hairy roots ; Plant virus resistance ; Sugar beet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Expression of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) coat protein (CP) gene in transgenic sugar beet hairy roots was accomplished as a step towards CP-mediated virus resistance. A cDNA for the CP gene and its 5′ terminal untranslated leader sequence was prepared from BNYVV RNA, using two oligodeoxynucleotides to prime the synthesis of both strands. Second-strand synthesis and amplification of the cDNA were done by Taq DNA polymerase chain reactions. Run-off transcripts of the cloned cDNA sequence were obtained and translated in vitro, yielding immunoreactive CP. A binary vector construction containing the CP gene under the control of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus was prepared and used for Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of sugar beet tissue. Stable integration and expression of the CP gene in sugar beet hairy roots was demonstrated by Southern, Northern, and Western blot analysis, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224989
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrating-wire measurements in vacuum, liquid3He and liquid3He-4He mixtures (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 89 (1992), S. 465-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In order to overcome the “200µK - barrier” in the refrigeration of liquid 3 He- 4 He mixtures we have constructed an experimental cell using only pure materials to minimize possible origins for heat leaks into the liquid. With this arrangement we were able to cool a saturated6.8%- mixture to a temperature of ≤150µK. A vibrating wire which was immersed in pure 3 He floating on top of the phase-separated mixture was used as a thermometer. This wire was calibrated in a second experiment with pure 3 He only in the cell. In superfluid 3 He-B at T≤0.15 mK the damping of the wire due to the quasiparticles becomes very small, and we observe typical characteristics of the vacuum damping of the wire which was extensively examined before filling any liquid into the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694064
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-, concentration- and pressure-dependence of the viscosity of liquid3He-4He mixtures at low temperatures (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 89 (1992), S. 469-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the viscosity of liquid3He-4He mixtures at various3He - concentrations (0.98%≤x≤9.5%) in the temperature range1 mK ≤ T ≤100 mK and at pressures 0 bar ≤ P ≤20 bar. At T≤10 mK the Fermi-liquid behaviour ηT2 = const. as well as η ∝ x4/3 could be confirmed. However, there are significant deviations from theoretical predictions for the magnitude of the viscosity as well as for its pressure dependence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694065
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear acoustic properties of vibrating wires at very low temperatures (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 90 (1993), S. 55-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the acoustic properties of superconducting NbTi and Ta wires in vacuum at 1 mK≤T≤1 K and at a few kHz. The temperature dependence of the acoustic properties of the wires is similar to that found in amorphous materials: a maximum in the sound velocity and a plateau in the dissipation at temperatures above it. In addition, we have observed a strong influence of the acoustic power on the measured properties in agreement with recent measurements on amorphous SiO 2 . This strain dependence can be interpreted by a modification of the tunneling model as a change of populationS of the two-level system energy states in non-crystalline materials. We can explain the strain-dependent anomalies as the superposition of three nonlinear effects: the change of population of the tunneling systems energy states, self-heating of the wire, and a nonlinear restoring force. These effects have a strong influence on the lineshape of the resonance curve. In addition, we have investigated the behavior of vibrating wires in liquid 3 He and liquid 3 He- 4 He solutions atT〈100 mK. We can show that in superfluid 3 He-B atT〈0.2 mK or in solutions of 3 He in 4 He with a small concentration of 3 He it is impossible to use a vibrating wire as a viscometer without having exact information about its intrinsic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00682010
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