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  • Temperature  (7)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (7)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2020-2022
  • 2000-2004  (7)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (7)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Nature Publishing Group
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Robotic observations of enhanced carbon biomass and export at 55 degrees during SOFeX (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: Autonomous floats profiling in high-nitrate low-silicate waters of the Southern Ocean observed carbon biomass variability and carbon exported to depths of 100 m during the 2002 Southern Ocean Iron Experiment (SOFeX) to detect the effects of iron fertilization of surface water there. Control and "in-patch" measurements documented a greater than fourfold enhancement of carbon biomass in the iron-amended waters. Carbon export through 100 m increased two- to sixfold as the patch subducted below a front. The molar ratio of iron added to carbon exported ranged between 10(4) and 10(5). The biomass buildup and export were much higher than expected for iron-amended low-silicate waters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bishop, James K B -- Wood, Todd J -- Davis, Russ E -- Sherman, Jeffrey T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):417-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. JKBishop@lbl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomass ; Carbon/*analysis/metabolism ; *Iron/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; Robotics ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The evolution of climate over the last millennium (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-28
    Description: Knowledge of past climate variability is crucial for understanding and modeling current and future climate trends. This article reviews present knowledge of changes in temperatures and two major circulation features-El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-over much of the last 1000 years, mainly on the basis of high-resolution paleoclimate records. Average temperatures during the last three decades were likely the warmest of the last millennium, about 0.2 degrees C warmer than during warm periods in the 11th and 12th centuries. The 20th century experienced the strongest warming trend of the millennium (about 0.6 degrees C per century). Some recent changes in ENSO may have been unique since 1800, whereas the recent trend to more positive NAO values may have occurred several times since 1500. Uncertainties will only be reduced through more extensive spatial sampling of diverse proxy climatic records.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, P D -- Osborn, T J -- Briffa, K R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):662-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. p.jones@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate ; Cnidaria ; Geologic Sediments ; Ice ; Temperature ; Time ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Polytype distribution in circumstellar silicon carbide (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: The inferred crystallographic class of circumstellar silicon carbide based on astronomical infrared spectra is controversial. We have directly determined the polytype distribution of circumstellar SiC from transmission electron microscopy of presolar silicon carbide from the Murchison carbonaceous meteorite. Only two polytypes (of a possible several hundred) were observed: cubic 3C and hexagonal 2H silicon carbide and their intergrowths. We conclude that this structural simplicity is a direct consequence of the low pressures in circumstellar outflows and the corresponding low silicon carbide condensation temperatures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daulton, T L -- Bernatowicz, T J -- Lewis, R S -- Messenger, S -- Stadermann, F J -- Amari, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1852-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, 60439-4838, USA. tdaulton@nrlssc.navy.mil〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomical Phenomena ; *Astronomy ; Carbon Compounds, Inorganic/*analysis ; *Meteoroids ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pressure ; Silicon Compounds/*analysis ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    A heat-sensitive TRP channel expressed in keratinocytes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: Mechanical and thermal cues stimulate a specialized group of sensory neurons that terminate in the skin. Three members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of channels are expressed in subsets of these neurons and are activated at distinct physiological temperatures. Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of a novel thermosensitive TRP channel. TRPV3 has a unique threshold: It is activated at innocuous (warm) temperatures and shows an increased response at noxious temperatures. TRPV3 is specifically expressed in keratinocytes; hence, skin cells are capable of detecting heat via molecules similar to those in heat-sensing neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peier, Andrea M -- Reeve, Alison J -- Andersson, David A -- Moqrich, Aziz -- Earley, Taryn J -- Hergarden, Anne C -- Story, Gina M -- Colley, Sian -- Hogenesch, John B -- McIntyre, Peter -- Bevan, Stuart -- Patapoutian, Ardem -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2046-9. Epub 2002 May 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Blotting, Northern ; CHO Cells ; Capsaicin/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; *Cation Transport Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Epidermis/cytology/innervation/metabolism ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism ; *Hot Temperature ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Ion Channels/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Keratinocytes/*metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Endings/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Ruthenium Red/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    The scope of Medieval warming (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bradley, R S -- Briffa, K R -- Crowley, T J -- Hughes, M K -- Jones, P D -- Mann, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):2011-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11411490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Rapid total destruction of chlorophenols by activated hydrogen peroxide (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: A practical, inexpensive, green chemical process for degrading environmental pollutants is greatly needed, especially for persistent chlorinated pollutants. Here we describe the activation of hydrogen peroxide by tetraamidomacrocylic ligand (TAML) iron catalysts, to destroy the priority pollutants pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP). In water, in minutes, under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure, PCP and TCP are completely destroyed at catalyst:substrate ratios of 1:715 and 1:2000, respectively. The fate of about 90% of the carbon and about 99% of the chlorine has been determined in each case. Neither dioxins nor any other toxic compounds are detectable products, and the catalysts themselves show low toxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gupta, Sayam Sen -- Stadler, Matthew -- Noser, Christopher A -- Ghosh, Anindya -- Steinhoff, Bradley -- Lenoir, Dieter -- Horwitz, Colin P -- Schramm, Karl-Werner -- Collins, Terrence J -- GM44867-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):326-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11951040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Chlorine Compounds/chemistry ; Chlorophenols/*chemistry ; Dioxins/chemistry ; Environmental Pollutants ; Ferric Compounds/*chemistry/toxicity ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings/*chemistry/toxicity ; Hydrogen Peroxide/*chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pentachlorophenol/*chemistry ; Pressure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Chloride methylation by plant pectin: an efficient environmentally significant process (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: Atmospheric chloromethane (CH3Cl) plays an important role in stratospheric ozone destruction, but many uncertainties exist regarding the strengths of its sources and sinks and particularly regarding the processes generating this naturally occurring gas. Evidence is presented here that CH3Cl is produced in many terrestrial environments by a common mechanism. Abiotic conversion of chloride to CH3Cl occurs readily in plant material, with the widespread plant component pectin acting as a methyl donor. Significant CH3Cl emissions from senescent and dead leaves were observed at ambient temperatures; those emissions rose dramatically when temperatures increased. This ubiquitous process acting in terrestrial ecosystems and during biomass burning could contribute the bulk of atmospheric CH3Cl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamilton, John T G -- McRoberts, W Colin -- Keppler, Frank -- Kalin, Robert M -- Harper, David B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):206-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK. jack.hamilton@dardni.gov.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; Chlorides/*chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Methyl Chloride/*chemistry ; Methylation ; Pectins/*chemistry ; Plant Leaves/*chemistry ; Poaceae/chemistry ; Temperature ; Volatilization ; Water/analysis ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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