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  • Springer  (615)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (90)
  • 2020-2022  (154)
  • 2005-2009  (198)
  • 1990-1994  (332)
  • 1930-1934  (21)
Collection
Keywords
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory evaluation of parasitic hymenoptera used in attempts to biologically control aphid pests of crops in Australia (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Parasitic hymenoptera ; biological control ; aphid pests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract As an integral part of a programme to attempt the biological control of several crop-infesting aphid pests in Australia by the introduction of specific hymenopterous parasites, a laboratory technique to try to predict their likely effectiveness in the field, was developed with the aim of improving selection of natural enemies in future. It was based on demonstrating whether the parasites attack a greater proportion of their hosts with increased host density, i.e. whether they show a Type 3 functional response (Holling, 1959). To overcome the problem of super-parasitisation at low densities when a parasite is confined with aphids on one plant (van Lenteren & Bakker, 1976) we used several plants in a large cage, all with the same density of host aphids. A parasite released into such a cage searches for and attacks the aphids on one plant, then leaves it to repeat the process on a second plant, and so on. After a standard exposure time the parasitisation rate is estimated separately for the aphids on each plant and the average performance of the parasite calculated. Using this technique for seven parasites introduced into Australia for biological control of crop aphids, only one, Aphidius salicis Halliday, attacking carrot aphid showed a Type 3 response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343577
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive evolution in the rat olfactory receptor gene family (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 36 (1993), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Adaptive evolution ; Olfactory receptor ; Multigene families
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Comparison of DNA sequences of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) olfactory receptor gene family revealed an unusual pattern of nucleotide substitution in the gene region encoding the second extracellular domain (E2) of the protein. In this domain, nonsynonymous nucleotide differences between members of this subfamily that caused a change in amino acid residue polarity were over four times more frequent than nonsynonymous differences that did not cause a polarity change. This nonrandom pattern of nucleotide substitution is evidence of past directional selection favoring diversification of the E2 domain among members of this subfamily. This in turn suggests that E2 may play some important role in the functions unique to each member of the olfactory receptor family, and that it may perhaps be an odorant binding domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160480
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 550-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201962
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An attempt to anticipate biological control ofDiuraphis noxia (Hom., Aphididae) (1994)
    Springer
    BioControl 39 (1994), S. 211-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Diuraphis noxia ; Aphelinus varipes ; Australia ; anticipating biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour répondre à la menace que représente pour la céréaliculture australienne la dispersion mondiale deDiuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), il a été procédé à un essai de lutte biologique préventive par l'introduction d'un parasitoïde oligophageAphelinus varipes (Foerster) dans la biocénose aphidienne présente actuellement sur les céréales d'Australie. Des précisions sont données sur l'origine du parasitoïde utilisé, son introduction, son élevage et son lâcher en Australie, ainsi que sur les études connexes au champ et en laboratoire.A. varipes ne semble pas s'être acclimaté jusqu'à maintenant; les causes possibles sont analysées et discutées.
    Notes: Abstract Responding to the threat posed to the Australian wheat industry by the world-wide spread of the Russian wheat aphid,Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), an attempt to anticipate its biological control was made by introducing its oligophagous hymenopteran parasiteAphelinus varipes (Foerster) into the current Australian cereal aphid community. Details, of the source of the parasite material and its introduction, mass-rearing and release in Australia, together with follow-up studies in the field and laboratory are given. No evidence of establishment has been found so far and the possible reasons for this are explored and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372359
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  • 5
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    Characterization of a TeflonÒcoated semiconductor detector flow cell for monitoring of pertechnetate in groundwater (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0236-5731
    Electronic ISSN: 1588-2780
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
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    Climate drives the geography of marine consumption by changing predator communities (2020)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: The global distribution of primary production and consumption by humans (fisheries) is well-documented, but we have no map linking the central ecological process of consumption within food webs to temperature and other ecological drivers. Using standardized assays that span 105° of latitude on four continents, we show that rates of bait consumption by generalist predators in shallow marine ecosystems are tightly linked to both temperature and the composition of consumer assemblages. Unexpectedly, rates of consumption peaked at midlatitudes (25 to 35°) in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres across both seagrass and unvegetated sediment habitats. This pattern contrasts with terrestrial systems, where biotic interactions reportedly weaken away from the equator, but it parallels an emerging pattern of a subtropical peak in marine biodiversity. The higher consumption at midlatitudes was closely related to the type of consumers present, which explained rates of consumption better than consumer density, biomass, species diversity, or habitat. Indeed, the apparent effect of temperature on consumption was mostly driven by temperature-associated turnover in consumer community composition. Our findings reinforce the key influence of climate warming on altered species composition and highlight its implications for the functioning of Earth’s ecosystems.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muonium (1992)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 56 (1992), S. S35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A brief review is given of current and future fundamental topics in muonium research including the ground state hfs and Zeeman effect, the Lamb shift in the n=2 state and spontaneous conversion of muonium to antimuonium. The important 1S→2S transition is discussed by K. Jungmann in this volume. It is emphasized that muonium as an atom composed of two leptons is superior to hydrogen for many precise fundamental studies because of the complexities and uncertainties for hydrogen associated with the proton as a hadron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02426773
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of a stacked-triangular platinum carbonyl cluster dianion, [Pt3(CO)6] 3 2− by252Cf-Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 4 (1993), S. 453-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: 252Cf-PDMS ; metal cluster ; metal carbonyl ; mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 252Cf-Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry (252Cf-PDMS) has been used to investigate the [(Ph3PCH2C5H4)Fe(C5H5)]+ salt of the prototype dianionic, platinum carbonyl cluster, [Pt3(CO)3(μ2-CO)3] 3 2− . An envelope of singly charged [Pt9(CO) x ]− ions with the principal peak centered atx=8 was observed in the negative ion mass spectrum as a result of successive losses of the carbonyl ligands from the intact platinum core. Another feature of the negative ion spectrum was the prominent occurrence of other envelopes of multiple peaks which conform to Pt12, Pt15, Pt18, Pt21, and Pt24 singly charged metal cores. An unexpected observation was the presence of singly charged positive ions of the dianionic cluster which were formed without incorporation of the counterion. A similar but, largely unresolvable, broad envelope of singly charged ions containing the Pt9 core resulted with a peak maximum corresponding closely to the completely carbonylated cluster. The peak distribution extended from the fully decarbonylated cluster to well beyond the mass of the fully carbonylated cluster. Analogous peaks attributable to singly charged positive ions of the Pt12, Pt15, and Pt18 clusters were also evident. Very little fragmentation was observed below the molecular ion in either the positive or negative ion mass spectra except for ions associated with the counterion. A detailed analysis of the mass spectra, including the types of ions observed and correlations with the molecular architecture are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00703737
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host-searching behavior ofVenturia canescens (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Superparasitism (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 455-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: superparasitism ; egg load ; host-parasitoid system ; foraging ; Venturia canescens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The foraging behavior ofVenturia canescens, a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae, was investigated in the laboratory. FemaleVenturia canescens with a larger number of mature eggs to lay were found to have higher levels of superparasitism (measured as numbers of eggs laid per parasitized host). Increased parasitoid density was found to result in reduced levels of superparasitism by host-deprived (i.e.,undepleted) wasps. Females which had been allowed access to hosts before the experiment (depleted wasps) laid fewer eggs per parasitized host than undepleted wasps, although there was no significant difference in the levels of superparasitism among the depletion periods of 1, 2, 5, and 7 h. It was also found that an egg which was encountered less than 15 min after oviposition was much less likely to be avoided than one which was encountered after more than 15 min had elapsed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02025443
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host-searching behavior ofVenturia canescens (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Interference—the effect of mature egg load and prior behavior (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 433-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: egg load ; host-parasitoid systems ; motivation ; mutual interference ; agonistic encounters ; Venturia canescens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The foraging behavior ofVenturia canescens, a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae, was investigated in the laboratory. Females with a greater number of mature eggs in their ovarioles and oviducts parasitized a greater number of hosts and won a greater proportion of encounters with other searching females. Wasps which had been exposed to hosts prior to an experimental trial lost a higher proportion ofagonistic encounters with conspecifics than wasps which had no prior exposure to hosts. The behavior of a wasp at the time of the encounter influenced the outcome of the encounter. Wasps involved in active search of the host medium with the ovipositor (“probing”) were more likely to win encounters than wasps in any other behavioral category. In a situation where the agonistic encounter was between two probing wasps, both contestants were equally likely to win. Results are discussed in the light of the idea that mutual interference arises, in this species, as a result of agonistic encounters between searching females and recent dynamic-programming models which suggest that parasitoid oviposition should be influenced by mature egg load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02025442
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