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  • nitrogen  (42)
  • Immunocytochemistry  (40)
  • Springer  (82)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (64)
  • 1980-1984  (18)
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  • Springer  (82)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model to predict transformations and losses of nitrogen in UK pastures grazed by beef cattle (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 165-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ammonia volatilization ; denitrification ; grazing ; model ; nitrate leaching ; nitrogen ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The model simulates the cycling of N in grassland systems grazed by beef cattle and predicts the annual amount of N in liveweight gain, and the amounts lost through ammonia volatilization, denitrification and leaching, on the basis of fertilizer application and soil and site characteristics. It aims to provide a better understanding of the way in which these various factors interact in their influence on N transformations. The model has been programmed to run on IBM-compatible personal computers and responds rapidly to changes in input parameters. The model has been constructed from the average annual amounts of N passing through various components of the N cycle in ten field systems grazed by beef cattle. The amounts were either measured directly or were calculated from empirical sub-models, assuming a balance between inputs to, and outputs from the soil inorganic N pool. The model is given wide applicability through the inclusion of a mineralization sub-model which is sensitive to soil texture, sward age, previous cropping history, and climatic zone. Another important sub-model determines the partitioning of soil inorganic N to either plant uptake or the processes of loss: the proportion partitioned to plant uptake decreases as the total amount of soil inorganic N increases. Outputs from the model indicate that fertilizer N has a strong influence on ammonia volatilization, denitrification and leaching at a given site but that, over a range of sites with a given rate of fertilizer N, total loss and the proportions lost by the three processes are greatly influenced by the amount of N mineralized by the soil. The model indicates how fertilizer N should be matched with mineralization to limit gaseous and leaching losses and to achieve optimum efficiency of N use in grazing systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010397
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional morphology of the light yellow cell and yellow cell (sodium influx-stimulating peptide) neuroendocrine systems of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 275 (1994), S. 361-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sodium influx-stimulating peptide, mollusc ; Neuroendocrine cells, mollusc ; Light yellow cells ; Yellow cells ; In situ hybridization ; Immunocytochemistry ; Osmoregulation ; Lymnaea stagnalis (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuroendocrine light yellow cells of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis express a neuropeptide gene encoding three different peptides. The morphology of the cell system has been studied by in situ hybridization, using two synthetic oligonucleotides encoding parts of light yellow cell peptides I and III, and by immunocytochemistry with antisera to synthetic light yellow cell peptide II and to two fragments of light yellow cell peptide I. One large cluster of light yellow cells was observed in the ventro-lateral protrusion of the right parietal ganglion, smaller clusters lying in the posterior dorsal part of this ganglion and in the visceral ganglion. The cells had an extended central neurohaemal area. Immunopositive axons projected into all nerves of the ganglia of the visceral complex, into the superior cervical and the nuchal nerves, and into the connective tissue surrounding the central nervous system. Axon tracts ramified between the muscle cells of the walls of the anterior aorta and of smaller blood vessels. Peripheral innervation by the light yellow cell system was only found in muscular tissue of the ureter papilla. The antisera to the two peptide fragments of light yellow cell peptide I not only stained the light yellow cells, but also the identified yellow cells, which have previously been shown to produce the sodium influx-stimulating neuropeptide. The latter cells were negative to the in situ hybridization probes and antisera specific to the light yellow cell system. It is therefore unlikely that the yellow cells express the light yellow cell neuropeptide gene. Nevertheless, the cells contain a neuropeptide sharing antigenic determinants with light yellow cell peptide I. Our observations support the hypothesis that light yellow cells are involved in maintaining the shape of the animal via the regulation of ion- and waterbalance processes and blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319435
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that oxytocin-secreting neurones are involved in the ultrastructural reorganisation of the rat supraoptic nucleus apparent at lactation (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 217-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Supraoptic nucleus (SON) ; Oxytocin neurones ; Neuronal appositions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pre-embedding immunocytochemistry was performed on vibratome sections of the hypothalamus of lactating rats using antiserum directed against oxytocin. Electron microscopy revealed that numerous immunopositive somata and dendrites in the supraoptic nucleus were in direct apposition, without glial interposition; a number of them were also bridged by “double” synapses. The observations support the contention that the ultrastructural reorganisation of the nucleus apparent at lactation affects the magnocellular neurones secreting oxytocin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213745
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactivity to the pancreatic polypeptide family in the nervous system of the adult human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 573-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides (pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, neuropeptide Y) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Confocal scanning laser microscopy ; Schistosoma mansoni (Scolecida, Trematoda)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence and distribution of neuropeptides belonging to the pancreatic polypeptide family have been demonstrated by an indirect immunofluorescence technique in the nervous systems of adult male and female Schistosoma mansoni. Seven antisera of differing regional specificity to pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were employed on both whole-mount and cryostat-sectioned material. Positive immunoreactivity (IR) was obtained with all antisera except an N-terminally-directed antiserum to NPY. In the CNS, immunoreactivity was restricted to cell bodies and nerve fibres in the anterior ganglia, central commissure and dorsal and ventral nerve cords of both sexes, whereas, in the PNS, positive-IR was present in the plexuses innervating the subtegumental musculature and the oral and ventral suckers. Intense immunoreactivity was observed in a plexus of nerve fibres and cell bodies in the lining of the gynaecophoric canal and in fine nerve fibres innervating the dorsal tubercles of the male. In contrast, in the female, strong immunoreactivity was evident in nerve plexuses innervating the lining of the ovovitelline duct and in the wall of the ootype, but most notably in a cluster of cells in the region of Mehlis' gland. Results suggest that molecules with C-terminal homology to the PP-family are present in S. mansoni. These peptides would appear to be important regulatory molecules in the parasite's nervous system and may play a role in the control of egg production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313537
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical identification of laticifers (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 122 (1984), S. 86-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Non-articulated laticifers ; Articulated laticifers ; Asclepiadaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary sensitive immunocytochemical method for the identification of laticifers has been developed. Frozen sections of various laticifer-bearing plant material, mounted on slides, were first flooded with the IgG fraction of rabbit anti-latex antiserum, prepared using whole latex ofAsclepias syriaca, then flooded with fluorescein-conjugated IgG fraction goat anti-rabbit IgG to visualize laticifers. Positive fluorescence was observed for laticifers in shoots and embryos ofA. syriaca andStapelia bella and embryos ofA. tuberosa. Laticifers did not fluoresce in shoots ofA. tuberosa andEuphorbia tirucalli, in embryos ofE. marginata, or in petioles ofMusa paradisiaca andCichorium intybus. Controls prepared with uninjected rabbit serum were negative (no fluorescence).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279440
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic matter and nitrogen in the unharvested fractions of grass swards in relation to the potential for nitrate leaching after ploughing (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 123 (1990), S. 39-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: grassland ; leaching ; leaf litter ; macro-organic matter ; mineralization ; nitrogen ; ploughing ; roots ; stubble
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The amounts of organic matter in the stubble, litter, root and soil macro-organic matter fractions of two swards of perennial ryegrass that had received normal applications of either fertilizer or cattle urine were, on average for the four fractions, about 3000, 500, 11,500 and 8,800 kg ha−1. The swards had been established 8 or 15 years previously and each was sampled at intervals over a period of about one year. The amounts of N contained in the four fractions were, on average, 68, 12, 249 and 240 kg ha−1, a total of 569 kg N ha−1. With other swards, increasing rates of application of fertilizer N were found to have little effect on the amounts of organic matter in stubble and roots. Concentrations of N in the organic matter of the stubble and roots, however, increased significantly with increasing rate of fertilizer application, though, with stubble, moderate rates of application had little effect. Assessments based on these data, together with other published information, indicate that the amount of N mineralized from the combined stubble, litter, root and macro-organic matter fractions during the first year after ploughing may range from about 40 kg to at least 360 kg N ha−1 depending on the age of the sward and its recent management. The amount mineralized is likely to increase with age of sward, with increasing rate of fertilizer N and with utilisation by grazing rather than cutting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009924
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inoculation of fumigated nursery soil increases nodulation and yield of bare-root red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) (1991)
    Springer
    New forests 5 (1991), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: actinorhizae ; fertilization ; Frankia ; nitrogen ; nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To determine if inoculation increases nodulation and yield of bare-root red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.), fumigated nursery plots were treated with inoculum and ammonium sulfate (28 kg N ha−1) in a factorial experiment. Inoculum was alder soil with 100 infective units of Frankia g−1. Seedlings were evaluated for nodulation at age 10 wk and when lifted, at age 9 mo. Inoculation produced earlier and more extensive nodulation and increased seedling root collar diameter, height, and dry weight. Fertilization decreased seedling height, but did not decrease nodulation. No interaction of fertilization with inoculation was found. Inoculated unfertilized plots had the highest yield of packable seedlings (257 m−2), and uninoculated fertilized seedlings had the lowest yield (126 m−2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037549
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of small doses of colchicine on the components of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 809-827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Neurophysins ; Intra-axonal transport ; Immunocytochemistry ; Colchicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Small doses (3.5 μg and 7 μg) of colchicine injected intracisternally caused an interruption of transport of secretory material from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus to the neural lobe of the pituitary gland. Transport was assessed by direct measurement of the incorporation of [35S] cysteine into neurophysins, by radioimmunoassay of accumulated material in discrete areas of the system and by immunocytochemistry. The larger dose (7 μg) switched off transport completely during the first 24 h but the system began to recover within three to four days. Colchicine had little, if any, effect on synthesis; comparison of the relationships of the apparent amounts of immunoreactive neurophysins and immunoreactive hormones in the arrested product led to the conclusion that processing of the hormone precursors continues within the secretory granules which accumulated in the perikarya.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210464
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nutritional ecology of larvae of Alsophila pometaria and Anisota senatoria feeding on early- and late-season oak foliage (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 35 (1984), S. 105-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Alsophila pometaria ; Geometridae ; Anisota senatoria ; Citheroniidae ; Quercus ; nutritional ecology ; herbivory ; nutritional indices ; consumption ; growth ; utilization efficiency ; nitrogen ; water ; tannins ; phenols ; gut pH ; digestive enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Alimentées sur feuillage jeune de chêne, les chenilles d'Alsophila pometaria avaient un taux relatif de croissance (RGR) et un taux relatif d'accumulation d'azote (RNAR) plus élevés que les chenilles d'Anisota senatoria alimentées sur feuillage mûr de chêne. Bien que le jeune feuillage soit plus efficacement digéré par A. pometaria (AD plus élevé), il n'est pas assimilé et utilisé pour la croissance avec de meilleurs rendements (les ECI ne sont pas différents). Ainsi le taux de croissance plus élevé d'A. pometaria est dû entièrement à un taux de consommation plus important (RCR et RNCR). Le feuillage jeune est significativement plus riche en azote et en eau que le feuillage mûr, mais les niveaux de phénol et de tanins sont les mêmes. A pometaria consomme les feuilles de différentes espèces de chênes au même taux, indépendamment de la teneur en azote, tandis que A. senatoria accroît sa consommation en réponse à une diminution de la teneur en azote. Il en résulte que le taux de croissance d'A. pometaria dépend directement de la teneur en azote des feuilles, tandis que celui d'A. senatoria en est indépendant. Les systèmes digestifs des deux insectes sont biochimiquement semblables et sont efficaces pour la digestion des protéines. Les tanins et les phénols n'influent pas sur les indices nutritionnels de ces deux espèces. Nous estimons que le principal intérêt de l'alimentation printanière est la disponibilité en feuillage succulent, riche en azote, et non l'absence de feuilles à haute teneur en tanin. L'alimentation printanière semble correspondre à une strategie alimentaire qui favorise la croissance aux dépens de l'efficacité tandis que l'alimentation en fin d'été est une stratégie qui favorise l'efficacité sur la rapidité.
    Notes: Abstract The larvae of Alsophila pometaria (Harr.), feeding on the young foliage of oak, has a higher relative growth rate (RGR) and relative nitrogen accumulation rate (RNAR) than the larvae of Anisota senatoria (J. E. Smith), feeding on the mature foliage of oak. Although the young oak foliage is more efficiently digested by A. pometaria (higher AD's), it is not more efficiently assimilated and used for growth (no difference in ECI's). Thus, the higher growth rate of A. pometaria is due entirely to a higher consumption rate (RCR and RNCR). Young foliage is significantly higher in nitrogen and water than mature foliage, but phenol and tannin levels are comparable in young and old foliage. A. pometaria consumes the foliage of different oak species at the same rate, independent of nitrogen content, while A. senatoria increases its consumption rate in response to decreased nitrogen levels. As a result, the growth rate of A. pometaria is directly related to leaf nitrogen content, while the growth rate of A. senatoria is independent of leaf nitrogen. The two species of insects have digestive systems that are very similar biochemically, and that are well-designed for effective protein digestion. Tannins and phenols do not influence the nutrional indices of either species. We suggest that the major benefit of spring feeding is the availability of succulent, high-nitrogen foliage, and not the avoidance of high-tannin foliage. The spring feeder appears to have a feeding strategy that favors rapid growth at the expense of efficiency, while the late summer feeder has a strategy that favors efficiency over rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217527
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of supplying nutrients to Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) on the growth and development of dipterous stem-borer larvae (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 293-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: ryegrass ; Oscinella frit ; Geomyza tripunctata ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185661
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