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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (444)
  • 2020-2024
  • 2020-2022
  • 1985-1989  (444)
  • 1955-1959
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Keywords
Years
Year
  • 1
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    The thermal structure of Triton's atmosphere - Pre-Voyager models (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Spectral data from earth observations have indicated the presence of N2 and CH4 on Triton. This paper outlines the use of the 1-D radiative-convective model developed for Titan to calculate the current pressure of N2 and CH4 on Triton. The production of haze material is obtained by scaling down from the Titan value. Results and predictions for the Voyager Triton encounter are as follows: A N2-CH4 atmosphere on Triton is thermodynamically self consistent and would have a surface pressure of approximately 50 millibar; due to the chemically produced haze, Triton has a hot atmosphere with a temperature of approximately 130 K; Triton's troposphere is a region of saturation of the major constituent of the atmosphere, N2.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 16; 973-976
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Importance of the Tectonic Motions on Ganymede (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: Voyager close up views of Ganymede reveal some provinces of old, cratered, dark terrains that are broken into polygons and cut through by light stripes of grooved terrains. The groove terrain unit and its relationships with the other units was studied at various scales because these features seem to relate at least to two main scales of processes. Minor displacements concerning only local features, i.e., large scale processes and major displacements concerning usually the major evolution of the surface, i.e., small scale processes. It appears that tectonic processes, at least in the studied areas, if playing a role in the formation of local or regional features, are very limited. The conclusions reached agree with those of Thomas et al. who show that post grooves basins reveal the presence of a primitive grid that is not disturbed by the grooved terrains.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. and Geophys. Program, 1984; p 531-534
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  • 3
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    Global Tectonics on Ganymede (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: Three large basin surroundings on Ganymede located on grooved terrains, which are supposed to be intensely tectonized areas were studied. All rectilinear morphological elements such as ridges, block edges; and parts of scarps were mapped. The geometric properties (grid pattern) characteristics were determined and a history for the formation of the Ganymede basins studied is proposed. Results indicate that the grooved terrains are very surficial layers, and that their formation does not significantly affect, disturb or rotate the basement. This is in agreement with the conclusion obtained from completely different data (crosscutting relationships between groove sets and their basements).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. and Geophys. Program, 1984; p 525-527
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  • 4
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    Grain metamorphism in polar nitrogen ice on Triton (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The rate of nitrogen grain growth on putative N2-rich polar caps on Triton is calculated. For most plausible assumptions of independent variables, mean grain sizes in polar N2 are meter-scale. Triton's polar caps should constitute the definitive solar-system test bed for the process of ice grain metamorphism. Interpretation of data already in hand may require long path length through condensed N2, possibly due to grain growth. Upcoming Voyager data may clarify the situation, although possible complications in detecting a glaze of N2 ice exist.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 16; 965-968
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  • 5
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    Carbon and nitrogen in the deep Earth (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: High sensitivity mass spectrometric techniques were utilized to study the C-N isotope systematics in basic igneous rocks and mantle materials in an attempt to ultimately constrain the primordial isotopic compositions of these elements and their subsequent fate during the early history of the Earth. Preliminary results obtained for a selection of submarine basaltic glasses and diamonds are summarized concentrating on: (1) the problem of whether isotopes are significantly fractionated during igneous processes; and on (2) the effects of crustal recycling.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on the Early Earth: The Interval from Accretion to the Older Archean; p 59-61
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Planning for VRM: Radar and sonar studies of volcanic terrains on Earth, Venus and Mars (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Venera 15 and 16 radar images of Venus, together with Earth based data from the Arecibo Observatory, indicate that volcanism has played an important role in the evolution of the Venusian landscape. At the end of this decade, NASA's Venus Radar Mapper (VRM) spacecraft will return near global information that will further constrain the planet's geologic history. Due to the diversity of volcano/tectonic features that have already been identified on Venus, and the intrinsic differences between radar images and conventional photography, additional expertise is being developed with which to interpret the VRM images of this unusual environment. Several attempts to better understand the physical characteristics of volcanic terrains are described here. Pioneer Venus radar altimeter measurements of topographic variability and surface roughness are compared with Goldstone radar measurements of volcanic terrains on Mars. Synthetic aperture radar images obtained by the SIR-B Space Shuttle experiment over Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, are employed to investigate the differences in radar returns from pahoehoe, aa and sheet lava flows. Four polarization, multiple incidence angle, aircraft radar images of the Medicine Lake area of N. California are used to address the unusually high cross-polarization ratio of lobate flows around Beta Regio on Venus, as measured by the Arecibo radar.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Terrest. Planets: Comp. Planetology; p 18
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  • 7
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    Measurements of the composition of aerosol component of Venusian atmosphere with Vega 1 lander, preliminary data (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Preliminary investigation of mass spectra of gaseous products of pyrolyzed Venusian cloud particles collected and analyzed by the complex device of mass-spectrometer and collector pyrolyzer on board Vega 1 lander revealed the presence of heavy particles in the upper cloud layer. Based on 64 amu peak (SO2+), an estimate of the lower limit of the sulfuric acid aerosol content at the 62 to 54 km heights of approximately 2.0 mg/cu m is obtained. A chlorine line (35 and 37 amu) is also present in the mass spectrum with a lower limit of the chlorine concentration of approximately 0.3 mg/ cu m.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-TM-88422 , NAS 1.15:88422
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Lightning production of hydrocarbons and HCN on Titan - Laboratory measurements (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Experimental measurements have been obtained for the chemical yields of hydrogen cyanide, acetylene, ethylene, ethane, and propane from simulated lightning discharges, in order to ascertain whether lightning in the troposphere of Titan may be contributing to the hydrocarbon inventory. A comparison of these results with those obtained on the basis of thermodynamic equilibrium considerations shows substantial discrepancies and implies that thermodynamic equilibrium theories are inadequate. The production of ethylene by lightning and its subsequent stratospheric diffusion nevertheless appears to be one reasonable mechanism.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 76; 125-134
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  • 9
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    Methane rain on Titan (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The atmosphere of Titan is characterized by means of model computations based on Voyager IRIS IR spectra and published data from laboratory determinations of absorption coefficients and cloud refractive indices. The results are presented in tables and graphs, and it is pointed out that the presence of Ar is not required in the model. Particular attention is given to the role of CH4, which is found to form patchy clouds (with particle radii of 50 microns or greater and visible/IR optical depths of 2-5) at altitudes up to about 30 km. The mechanisms by which such rain-sized particles could form are discussed, and it is suggested that the observed 500-600/cm spectrum is affected much less by the CH4 clouds than by H2 or variations in the temperature of the high-altitude haze.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 75; 255-284
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  • 10
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    Production of organic compounds in plasmas - A comparison among electric sparks, laser-induced plasmas, and UV light (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In order to ascertain the features of organic compound-production in planetary atmospheres under the effects of plasmas and shocks, various mixtures of N2, CH4, and H2 modeling the atmosphere of Titan were subjected to discrete sparks, laser-induced plasmas, and UV radiation. The experimental results obtained suggest that UV photolysis from the plasma is an important organic compound synthesis process, as confirmed by the photolysis of gas samples that were exposed to the light but not to the shock waves emitted by the sparks. The thermodynamic equilibrium theory is therefore incomplete in the absence of photolysis.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 81; 413-428
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