ALBERT

Description: Nuclear collisions recreate conditions in the universe microseconds after the Big Bang. Only a very small fraction of the emitted fragments are light nuclei, but these states are of fundamental interest. We report the observation of antihypertritons--comprising an antiproton, an antineutron, and an antilambda hyperon--produced by colliding gold nuclei at high energy. Our analysis yields 70 +/- 17 antihypertritons ((Lambda)(3)-H) and 157 +/- 30 hypertritons (Lambda3H). The measured yields of Lambda3H ((Lambda)(3)-H) and 3He (3He) are similar, suggesting an equilibrium in coordinate and momentum space populations of up, down, and strange quarks and antiquarks, unlike the pattern observed at lower collision energies. The production and properties of antinuclei, and of nuclei containing strange quarks, have implications spanning nuclear and particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉STAR Collaboration -- Abelev, B I -- Aggarwal, M M -- Ahammed, Z -- Alakhverdyants, A V -- Alekseev, I -- Anderson, B D -- Arkhipkin, D -- Averichev, G S -- Balewski, J -- Barnby, L S -- Baumgart, S -- Beavis, D R -- Bellwied, R -- Betancourt, M J -- Betts, R R -- Bhasin, A -- Bhati, A K -- Bichsel, H -- Bielcik, J -- Bielcikova, J -- Biritz, B -- Bland, L C -- Bonner, B E -- Bouchet, J -- Braidot, E -- Brandin, A V -- Bridgeman, A -- Bruna, E -- Bueltmann, S -- Bunzarov, I -- Burton, T P -- Cai, X Z -- Caines, H -- Calderon, M -- Catu, O -- Cebra, D -- Cendejas, R -- Cervantes, M C -- Chajecki, Z -- Chaloupka, P -- Chattopadhyay, S -- Chen, H F -- Chen, J H -- Chen, J Y -- Cheng, J -- Cherney, M -- Chikanian, A -- Choi, K E -- Christie, W -- Chung, P -- Clarke, R F -- Codrington, M J M -- Corliss, R -- Cramer, J G -- Crawford, H J -- Das, D -- Dash, S -- Davila Leyva, A -- De Silva, L C -- Debbe, R R -- Dedovich, T G -- DePhillips, M -- Derevschikov, A A -- Derradi de Souza, R -- Didenko, L -- Djawotho, P -- Dogra, S M -- Dong, X -- Drachenberg, J L -- Draper, J E -- Dunlop, J C -- Dutta Mazumdar, M R -- Efimov, L G -- Elhalhuli, E -- Elnimr, M -- Engelage, J -- Eppley, G -- Erazmus, B -- Estienne, M -- Eun, L -- Evdokimov, O -- Fachini, P -- Fatemi, R -- Fedorisin, J -- Fersch, R G -- Filip, P -- Finch, E -- Fine, V -- Fisyak, Y -- Gagliardi, C A -- Gangadharan, D R -- Ganti, M S -- Garcia-Solis, E J -- Geromitsos, A -- Geurts, F -- Ghazikhanian, V -- Ghosh, P -- Gorbunov, Y N -- Gordon, A -- Grebenyuk, O -- Grosnick, D -- Grube, B -- Guertin, S M -- Gupta, A -- Gupta, N -- Guryn, W -- Haag, B -- Hamed, A -- Han, L-X -- Harris, J W -- Hays-Wehle, J P -- Heinz, M -- Heppelmann, S -- Hirsch, A -- Hjort, E -- Hoffman, A M -- Hoffmann, G W -- Hofman, D J -- Hollis, R S -- Huang, B -- Huang, H Z -- Humanic, T J -- Huo, L -- Igo, G -- Iordanova, A -- Jacobs, P -- Jacobs, W W -- Jakl, P -- Jena, C -- Jin, F -- Jones, C L -- Jones, P G -- Joseph, J -- Judd, E G -- Kabana, S -- Kajimoto, K -- Kang, K -- Kapitan, J -- Kauder, K -- Keane, D -- Kechechyan, A -- Kettler, D -- Kikola, D P -- Kiryluk, J -- Kisiel, A -- Klein, S R -- Knospe, A G -- Kocoloski, A -- Koetke, D D -- Kollegger, T -- Konzer, J -- Kopytine, M -- Koralt, I -- Koroleva, L -- Korsch, W -- Kotchenda, L -- Kouchpil, V -- Kravtsov, P -- Krueger, K -- Krus, M -- Kumar, L -- Kurnadi, P -- Lamont, M A C -- Landgraf, J M -- LaPointe, S -- Lauret, J -- Lebedev, A -- Lednicky, R -- Lee, C-H -- Lee, J H -- Leight, W -- Levine, M J -- Li, C -- Li, L -- Li, N -- Li, W -- Li, X -- Li, Y -- Li, Z -- Lin, G -- Lindenbaum, S J -- Lisa, M A -- Liu, F -- Liu, H -- Liu, J -- Ljubicic, T -- Llope, W J -- Longacre, R S -- Love, W A -- Lu, Y -- Luo, X -- Ma, G L -- Ma, Y G -- Mahapatra, D P -- Majka, R -- Mal, O I -- Mangotra, L K -- Manweiler, R -- Margetis, S -- Markert, C -- Masui, H -- Matis, H S -- Matulenko, Yu A -- McDonald, D -- McShane, T S -- Meschanin, A -- Milner, R -- Minaev, N G -- Mioduszewski, S -- Mischke, A -- Mitrovski, M K -- Mohanty, B -- Mondal, M M -- Morozov, B -- Morozov, D A -- Munhoz, M G -- Nandi, B K -- Nattrass, C -- Nayak, T K -- Nelson, J M -- Netrakanti, P K -- Ng, M J -- Nogach, L V -- Nurushev, S B -- Odyniec, G -- Ogawa, A -- Okada, H -- Okorokov, V -- Olson, D -- Pachr, M -- Page, B S -- Pal, S K -- Pandit, Y -- Panebratsev, Y -- Pawlak, T -- Peitzmann, T -- Perevoztchikov, V -- Perkins, C -- Peryt, W -- Phatak, S C -- Pile, P -- Planinic, M -- Ploskon, M A -- Pluta, J -- Plyku, D -- Poljak, N -- Poskanzer, A M -- Potukuchi, B V K S -- Powell, C B -- Prindle, D -- Pruneau, C -- Pruthi, N K -- Pujahari, P R -- Putschke, J -- Qiu, H -- Raniwala, R -- Raniwala, S -- Ray, R L -- Redwine, R -- Reed, R -- Ritter, H G -- Roberts, J B -- Rogachevskiy, O V -- Romero, J L -- Rose, A -- Roy, C -- Ruan, L -- Sahoo, R -- Sakai, S -- Sakrejda, I -- Sakuma, T -- Salur, S -- Sandweiss, J -- Sangaline, E -- Schambach, J -- Scharenberg, R P -- Schmitz, N -- Schuster, T R -- Seele, J -- Seger, J -- Selyuzhenkov, I -- Seyboth, P -- Shahaliev, E -- Shao, M -- Sharma, M -- Shi, S S -- Sichtermann, E P -- Simon, F -- Singaraju, R N -- Skoby, M J -- Smirnov, N -- Sorensen, P -- Sowinski, J -- Spinka, H M -- Srivastava, B -- Stanislaus, T D S -- Staszak, D -- Stevens, J R -- Stock, R -- Strikhanov, M -- Stringfellow, B -- Suaide, A A P -- Suarez, M C -- Subba, N L -- Sumbera, M -- Sun, X M -- Sun, Y -- Sun, Z -- Surrow, B -- Svirida, D N -- Symons, T J M -- Szanto de Toledo, A -- Takahashi, J -- Tang, A H -- Tang, Z -- Tarini, L H -- Tarnowsky, T -- Thein, D -- Thomas, J H -- Tian, J -- Timmins, A R -- Timoshenko, S -- Tlusty, D -- Tokarev, M -- Trainor, T A -- Tram, V N -- Trentalange, S -- Tribble, R E -- Tsai, O D -- Ulery, J -- Ullrich, T -- Underwood, D G -- Van Buren, G -- van Leeuwen, M -- van Nieuwenhuizen, G -- Vanfossen, J A Jr -- Varma, R -- Vasconcelos, G M S -- Vasiliev, A N -- Videbaek, F -- Viyogi, Y P -- Vokal, S -- Voloshin, S A -- Wada, M -- Walker, M -- Wang, F -- Wang, G -- Wang, H -- Wang, J S -- Wang, Q -- Wang, X L -- Wang, Y -- Webb, G -- Webb, J C -- Westfall, G D -- Whitten, C Jr -- Wieman, H -- Wingfield, E -- Wissink, S W -- Witt, R -- Wu, Y -- Xie, W -- Xu, H -- Xu, N -- Xu, Q H -- Xu, W -- Xu, Y -- Xu, Z -- Xue, L -- Yang, Y -- Yepes, P -- Yip, K -- Yoo, I-K -- Yue, Q -- Zawisza, M -- Zbroszczyk, H -- Zhan, W -- Zhang, J -- Zhang, S -- Zhang, W M -- Zhang, X P -- Zhang, Y -- Zhang, Z P -- Zhao, J -- Zhong, C -- Zhou, J -- Zhou, W -- Zhu, X -- Zhu, Y H -- Zoulkarneev, R -- Zoulkarneeva, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):58-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1183980. Epub 2010 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Residents of the Tibetan Plateau show heritable adaptations to extreme altitude. We sequenced 50 exomes of ethnic Tibetans, encompassing coding sequences of 92% of human genes, with an average coverage of 18x per individual. Genes showing population-specific allele frequency changes, which represent strong candidates for altitude adaptation, were identified. The strongest signal of natural selection came from endothelial Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain protein 1 (EPAS1), a transcription factor involved in response to hypoxia. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at EPAS1 shows a 78% frequency difference between Tibetan and Han samples, representing the fastest allele frequency change observed at any human gene to date. This SNP's association with erythrocyte abundance supports the role of EPAS1 in adaptation to hypoxia. Thus, a population genomic survey has revealed a functionally important locus in genetic adaptation to high altitude.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711608/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711608/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yi, Xin -- Liang, Yu -- Huerta-Sanchez, Emilia -- Jin, Xin -- Cuo, Zha Xi Ping -- Pool, John E -- Xu, Xun -- Jiang, Hui -- Vinckenbosch, Nicolas -- Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand -- Zheng, Hancheng -- Liu, Tao -- He, Weiming -- Li, Kui -- Luo, Ruibang -- Nie, Xifang -- Wu, Honglong -- Zhao, Meiru -- Cao, Hongzhi -- Zou, Jing -- Shan, Ying -- Li, Shuzheng -- Yang, Qi -- Asan -- Ni, Peixiang -- Tian, Geng -- Xu, Junming -- Liu, Xiao -- Jiang, Tao -- Wu, Renhua -- Zhou, Guangyu -- Tang, Meifang -- Qin, Junjie -- Wang, Tong -- Feng, Shuijian -- Li, Guohong -- Huasang -- Luosang, Jiangbai -- Wang, Wei -- Chen, Fang -- Wang, Yading -- Zheng, Xiaoguang -- Li, Zhuo -- Bianba, Zhuoma -- Yang, Ge -- Wang, Xinping -- Tang, Shuhui -- Gao, Guoyi -- Chen, Yong -- Luo, Zhen -- Gusang, Lamu -- Cao, Zheng -- Zhang, Qinghui -- Ouyang, Weihan -- Ren, Xiaoli -- Liang, Huiqing -- Zheng, Huisong -- Huang, Yebo -- Li, Jingxiang -- Bolund, Lars -- Kristiansen, Karsten -- Li, Yingrui -- Zhang, Yong -- Zhang, Xiuqing -- Li, Ruiqiang -- Li, Songgang -- Yang, Huanming -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Wang, Jun -- Wang, Jian -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH084695/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01MHG084695/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):75-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1190371.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Three-dimensional (3D) topological Dirac semimetals (TDSs) represent an unusual state of quantum matter that can be viewed as "3D graphene." In contrast to 2D Dirac fermions in graphene or on the surface of 3D topological insulators, TDSs possess 3D Dirac fermions in the bulk. By investigating the electronic structure of Na3Bi with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we detected 3D Dirac fermions with linear dispersions along all momentum directions. Furthermore, we demonstrated the robustness of 3D Dirac fermions in Na3Bi against in situ surface doping. Our results establish Na3Bi as a model system for 3D TDSs, which can serve as an ideal platform for the systematic study of quantum phase transitions between rich topological quantum states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Z K -- Zhou, B -- Zhang, Y -- Wang, Z J -- Weng, H M -- Prabhakaran, D -- Mo, S-K -- Shen, Z X -- Fang, Z -- Dai, X -- Hussain, Z -- Chen, Y L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):864-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1245085. Epub 2014 Jan 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The quantized version of the anomalous Hall effect has been predicted to occur in magnetic topological insulators, but the experimental realization has been challenging. Here, we report the observation of the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect in thin films of chromium-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3, a magnetic topological insulator. At zero magnetic field, the gate-tuned anomalous Hall resistance reaches the predicted quantized value of h/e(2), accompanied by a considerable drop in the longitudinal resistance. Under a strong magnetic field, the longitudinal resistance vanishes, whereas the Hall resistance remains at the quantized value. The realization of the QAH effect may lead to the development of low-power-consumption electronics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Cui-Zu -- Zhang, Jinsong -- Feng, Xiao -- Shen, Jie -- Zhang, Zuocheng -- Guo, Minghua -- Li, Kang -- Ou, Yunbo -- Wei, Pang -- Wang, Li-Li -- Ji, Zhong-Qing -- Feng, Yang -- Ji, Shuaihua -- Chen, Xi -- Jia, Jinfeng -- Dai, Xi -- Fang, Zhong -- Zhang, Shou-Cheng -- He, Ke -- Wang, Yayu -- Lu, Li -- Ma, Xu-Cun -- Xue, Qi-Kun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):167-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1234414. Epub 2013 Mar 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses reveal that pan-avian genomic diversity covaries with adaptations to different lifestyles and convergent evolution of traits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Guojie -- Li, Cai -- Li, Qiye -- Li, Bo -- Larkin, Denis M -- Lee, Chul -- Storz, Jay F -- Antunes, Agostinho -- Greenwold, Matthew J -- Meredith, Robert W -- Odeen, Anders -- Cui, Jie -- Zhou, Qi -- Xu, Luohao -- Pan, Hailin -- Wang, Zongji -- Jin, Lijun -- Zhang, Pei -- Hu, Haofu -- Yang, Wei -- Hu, Jiang -- Xiao, Jin -- Yang, Zhikai -- Liu, Yang -- Xie, Qiaolin -- Yu, Hao -- Lian, Jinmin -- Wen, Ping -- Zhang, Fang -- Li, Hui -- Zeng, Yongli -- Xiong, Zijun -- Liu, Shiping -- Zhou, Long -- Huang, Zhiyong -- An, Na -- Wang, Jie -- Zheng, Qiumei -- Xiong, Yingqi -- Wang, Guangbiao -- Wang, Bo -- Wang, Jingjing -- Fan, Yu -- da Fonseca, Rute R -- Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo -- Schubert, Mikkel -- Orlando, Ludovic -- Mourier, Tobias -- Howard, Jason T -- Ganapathy, Ganeshkumar -- Pfenning, Andreas -- Whitney, Osceola -- Rivas, Miriam V -- Hara, Erina -- Smith, Julia -- Farre, Marta -- Narayan, Jitendra -- Slavov, Gancho -- Romanov, Michael N -- Borges, Rui -- Machado, Joao Paulo -- Khan, Imran -- Springer, Mark S -- Gatesy, John -- Hoffmann, Federico G -- Opazo, Juan C -- Hastad, Olle -- Sawyer, Roger H -- Kim, Heebal -- Kim, Kyu-Won -- Kim, Hyeon Jeong -- Cho, Seoae -- Li, Ning -- Huang, Yinhua -- Bruford, Michael W -- Zhan, Xiangjiang -- Dixon, Andrew -- Bertelsen, Mads F -- Derryberry, Elizabeth -- Warren, Wesley -- Wilson, Richard K -- Li, Shengbin -- Ray, David A -- Green, Richard E -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- Griffin, Darren -- Johnson, Warren E -- Haussler, David -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Willerslev, Eske -- Graves, Gary R -- Alstrom, Per -- Fjeldsa, Jon -- Mindell, David P -- Edwards, Scott V -- Braun, Edward L -- Rahbek, Carsten -- Burt, David W -- Houde, Peter -- Zhang, Yong -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Avian Genome Consortium -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Wang, Jun -- DP1 OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087216/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1311-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1251385. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. ; Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA. ; Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore. ; Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. BGI Education Center,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK. ; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. ; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Post Office Box 7011, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China. ; International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK. ; Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; The Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. ; College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. ; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA. ; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA. ; Genetics Division, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA. ; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Post Office Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Imperial College London, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment Initiative, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. ; Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute Building, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. ; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is one of the largest accretionary collages in the world, and records a prolonged sequence of subduction-accretion and collision processes. The Tarim Craton is located at the southernmost margin of the CAOB. In this study, the discovery of early Palaeozoic high-pressure (HP) granulites from the Dunhuang block in the northeastern Tarim Craton is reported, and these rocks are characterized through detailed petrological and geochronological studies. The peak mineral assemblage of the HP mafic granulite is garnet + clinopyroxene + plagioclase + quartz + rutile, which is overprinted by amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphic assemblages. The calculated P–T conditions of the peak metamorphism are ∼1.4–1.7 GPa and ∼800 °C. The retrograde P–T conditions are ∼0.7 GPa and ∼700 °C. The metamorphic zircon grains from the HP mafic granulite show homogeneous CL-images, low Th/U ratios and flat HREE patterns and yield a weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 444 ± 5 Ma. The metamorphic zircon grains from the associated kyanite-bearing garnet gneiss and garnet-mica schist show a similar 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 429 ± 3 and 435 ± 4 Ma, respectively. The c. 440–430 Ma age is interpreted to mark the timing of HP granulite facies metamorphism in the Dunhuang block. The results from this study suggest that the Dunhuang block experienced continental subduction prior to the early Palaeozoic collisional orogeny between the northeastern Tarim Craton and the southern CAOB, and the Dunhuang area could be considered as the southward extension of the CAOB. It is suggested that the continental collision in the eastern part involving the Dunhuang block of the southern CAOB may have occurred c. 120 Ma earlier than in the western part involving the Tianshan orogen.

Description: The Solar Wind Ion Detectors (SWIDs) on the Chang'E-1 spacecraft, while orbiting the Moon, occasionally observed two continuous flux peaks with energies not exceeding 8 and 4 times that of the prevailing solar wind proton energy. These form parallel curves (PCs) with an energy ratio of 2 in the energy-time spectrogram. The fluxes of the two curves are comparable, around 10−5 ∼ 10− 4 of the solar wind flux. The pitch angle distribution of PC particles is concentrated around 90°. The velocity space distribution of PC particles shows distinct double-ring feature, suggesting the existence of a pickup ion species with m/q = 2. Pickup ions from local interstellar medium, the inner sources and the lunar exosphere are investigated. We conclude that this observation may be the first in situ evidence for H2+ ions in the lunar exosphere, thus providing new insights on the evolution and fate of solar wind hydrogen in the solar system.

Description: Central Asia is currently a semiarid-arid region, dominated by the Westerlies. It is important to understand mechanisms of climate and precipitation changes here, as water availability in the region is crucial today and in the future. High-resolution, absolutely-dated oxygen isotope (δ18O) records of stalagmites from Kesang Cave characterize a dynamic precipitation history over most of the past 500,000 years. This record demonstrates, for the first time, that climate change in the region exhibits a processional rhythm with abrupt inceptions of low δ18O speleothem growth at times of high Northern Hemisphere summer insolation followed by gradual δ18O increases that track decreases of insolation. These observations and interpretations contrast with the interpretation of nearby, but higher elevation ice core records. The absolutely-dated cave δ18O shifts can be used to correlate the regional climate variability by providing chronological marks. Combined with other paleoclimate records, the Kesang observations suggest that possible incursions of Asian summer monsoon rainfall or related moisture into the Kesang site and/or adjacent areas during the high insolation times may play an important role in changing orbital-scale hydrology of the region. Based on our record, arid climate will prevail in this region for the next several millennia, providing that anthropogenic effects do not supersede natural processes.